1
00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:03,000
Kama ujuavyo, moja ya raha kubwa za kusafiri

2
00:00:03,000 --> 00:00:05,000
na moja ya furaha za utafiti wa mahusiano ya kikabila

3
00:00:05,000 --> 00:00:07,000
ni fursa ya kuishi miongoni mwao

4
00:00:07,000 --> 00:00:09,000
hao wasiosahau namna za kijadi

5
00:00:09,000 --> 00:00:12,000
ambao wangali wakihisi ya kale kwenye upepo,

6
00:00:12,000 --> 00:00:15,000
na kuyagusa juu ya mawe yaliyosafishwa na mvua,

7
00:00:15,000 --> 00:00:17,000
na kuyaonja kwenye majani machungu ya mimea.

8
00:00:17,000 --> 00:00:21,000
Kujua kwamba wanaoabudu chuipamba bado wana safari kupita mbingu za mbali,

9
00:00:21,000 --> 00:00:25,000
au imani za wazee wa Kiinuiti zinaleta maana,

10
00:00:25,000 --> 00:00:27,000
au kwamba huko Himalaya,

11
00:00:28,000 --> 00:00:32,000
Mabudha bado wanaifuata pumzi ya Dharma,

12
00:00:32,000 --> 00:00:35,000
ni katika kukumbuka utambuzi wa msingi wa anthropolojia,

13
00:00:35,000 --> 00:00:37,000
na kwamba mtazamo wa ulimwengu tunamoishi

14
00:00:38,000 --> 00:00:40,000
haupo kihalisia,

15
00:00:40,000 --> 00:00:41,000
bali ni nadharia tu ya ukweli,

16
00:00:41,000 --> 00:00:45,000
ni matokeo ya jozi moja tu ya machaguo kadhaa

17
00:00:45,000 --> 00:00:49,000
ambayo mababu zetu walifanya, japo kwa mafanikio, vizazi kadhaa vilivyopita.

18
00:00:50,000 --> 00:00:54,000
Na kwa hakika, sote tunashabihiana katika kufuata kanuni za maumbile

19
00:00:54,000 --> 00:00:56,000
Sote tunazaliwa. Sote tunazaa watoto.

20
00:00:56,000 --> 00:00:58,000
Tunapitia kafara za kusimikwa,

21
00:00:58,000 --> 00:01:00,000
Tunalazimika kukabiliana na ukatili wa kutenganishwa kwa kifo

22
00:01:00,000 --> 00:01:04,000
haitushangazi kwamba sote tunaimba, sote tunacheza,

23
00:01:04,000 --> 00:01:06,000
sote tuna sanaa.

24
00:01:06,000 --> 00:01:09,000
Lakini kinachosisimua zaidi ni namna pekee za mapigo ya wimbo,

25
00:01:09,000 --> 00:01:11,000
mahadhi ya dansi kwa kila utamaduni.

26
00:01:11,000 --> 00:01:14,000
Na iwapo ni Wapenani wa misitu ya Borneo

27
00:01:14,000 --> 00:01:17,000
au makuhani wa Voodoo nchini Haiti

28
00:01:18,000 --> 00:01:22,000
au majemedari wa jangwa la Kaisut Kaskazini mwa Kenya,

29
00:01:24,000 --> 00:01:26,000
au matabibu wa Kikurandero wa milima ya Andes,

30
00:01:27,000 --> 00:01:32,000
au nyumba ya kuhamishika iliyopo katikati ya Sahara

31
00:01:32,000 --> 00:01:34,000
Huyu ndiye mwenzi ambaye nilisafiri nae jangwani

32
00:01:34,000 --> 00:01:35,000
mwezi mmoja uliopita

33
00:01:35,000 --> 00:01:38,000
au mchunga mbuzipori wa miteremko ya Qomolangma,

34
00:01:38,000 --> 00:01:40,000
Everest, mungu mke wa ulimwengu.

35
00:01:40,000 --> 00:01:43,000
Watu wote hawa wanatufundisha kwamba kuna namna nyingine za kuwa,

36
00:01:43,000 --> 00:01:44,000
namna tofauti za kufikiria

37
00:01:44,000 --> 00:01:46,000
namna mbalimbali za kujiwekeza katika Dunia.

38
00:01:46,000 --> 00:01:48,000
Na hili ndilo wazo, ambalo ukilifikiria,

39
00:01:48,000 --> 00:01:50,000
laweza kukupa tumaini,

40
00:01:50,000 --> 00:01:53,000
Sasa, kwa pamoja tamaduni nyingi mbalimbali za ulimwengu

41
00:01:53,000 --> 00:01:57,000
zinafanya mtandao wa maisha ya kiroho na kiutamaduni

42
00:01:57,000 --> 00:01:59,000
unaoifunika dunia,

43
00:01:59,000 --> 00:02:01,000
na ni muhimu kwa ustawi wa dunia

44
00:02:01,000 --> 00:02:04,000
hali kadhalika mtandao wa kibaiolojia wa maisha unaoujua kama biosifia.

45
00:02:04,000 --> 00:02:07,000
Na waweza kufikiria kwamba mtandao huu wa kiutamaduni kwenye maisha

46
00:02:07,000 --> 00:02:08,000
kuwa ni ethnosifia

47
00:02:08,000 --> 00:02:10,000
na waweza kuainisha ethnosifia

48
00:02:10,000 --> 00:02:13,000
kuwa ni jumla ya mawazo na ndoto, imani,

49
00:02:13,000 --> 00:02:16,000
mitazamo, hamasa, vipawa vilivyohuishwa

50
00:02:16,000 --> 00:02:20,000
na mawazo ya binadamu tokea mapambazuko ya ufahamu.

51
00:02:20,000 --> 00:02:23,000
Ethnosifia ni urithi mkuu wa utu,

52
00:02:23,000 --> 00:02:25,000
ni ishara ya kila namna tulivyo

53
00:02:25,000 --> 00:02:29,000
na kila namna tuwezavyo kuwa viumbe wadadisi ajabu

54
00:02:30,000 --> 00:02:33,000
Na kwa namna ambavyo biosifia imeharibiwa,

55
00:02:33,000 --> 00:02:35,000
ndivyo pia ethnosifia

56
00:02:35,000 --> 00:02:37,000
--na iwapo kwa kiwango kikubwa zaidi.

57
00:02:37,000 --> 00:02:39,000
Hakuna mwanabaiolojia, kwa mfano, awezaye kusema

58
00:02:39,000 --> 00:02:42,000
kwamba 50% ya viumbe wote au zaidi wamefikia au wapo

59
00:02:42,000 --> 00:02:44,000
katika hatari ya kuteketea kwakuwa si kweli,

60
00:02:44,000 --> 00:02:46,000
na pia kwamba -- tishio kubwa la maafa

61
00:02:46,000 --> 00:02:49,000
katika uwanja wa mtandao wa kibailojia

62
00:02:49,000 --> 00:02:52,000
nadra sana unaangalia kwa mtazamo tunaodhania kuwa bora zaidi

63
00:02:52,000 --> 00:02:54,000
kwenye uwanja wa mtandao wa utamaduni.

64
00:02:54,000 --> 00:02:57,000
Na kielelezo kikubwa cha muelekeo huo ni kupotea kwa lugha.

65
00:02:57,000 --> 00:03:00,000
Wakati nyote mliopo humu ndani mlipozaliwa,

66
00:03:00,000 --> 00:03:03,000
kulikuwepo lugha 6,000 zikitumika duniani.

67
00:03:03,000 --> 00:03:06,000
Kwa sasa, lugha si mkusanyiko wa maneno

68
00:03:06,000 --> 00:03:08,000
au mkusanyiko wa kanuni za sarufi.

69
00:03:08,000 --> 00:03:10,000
Lugha ni mwanga wa roho ya binadamu.

70
00:03:10,000 --> 00:03:13,000
Ni chombo ambacho hupitisha uhai wa tamaduni fulani

71
00:03:13,000 --> 00:03:14,000
kuja kwenye ulimwengu wa vitu.

72
00:03:14,000 --> 00:03:17,000
Kila lugha ni mkuzo wa msitu wa akili,

73
00:03:17,000 --> 00:03:21,000
mgawanyiko wa vijito, wazo, bioanuwai ya mambo ya kiroho,

74
00:03:21,000 --> 00:03:25,000
Miongoni mwa lugha hizo 6,000 mpaka leo tunapokuwa hapa Monterey,

75
00:03:25,000 --> 00:03:29,000
takriban nusu yake hazitamkwi kwenye masikio ya watoto.

76
00:03:29,000 --> 00:03:32,000
Hazifundishwi kwa watoto wachanga tena,

77
00:03:32,000 --> 00:03:34,000
maana yake ni kwamba, kwa hakika, labda kama kuna mambo yatabadilika,

78
00:03:34,000 --> 00:03:35,000
zimeshakufa.

79
00:03:35,000 --> 00:03:39,000
Hakuna upweke unaozidi ule wa kugubikwa na ukimya,

80
00:03:39,000 --> 00:03:41,000
wa kuwa mtu wa mwisho kabisa kuongea lugha yako,

81
00:03:41,000 --> 00:03:44,000
kutokuwa na namna ya kurithisha busara za mababu

82
00:03:44,000 --> 00:03:47,000
au kutarajia ahadi za watoto?

83
00:03:47,000 --> 00:03:50,000
Na zaidi, kinachotisha ni hatima ya mtu fulani

84
00:03:50,000 --> 00:03:52,000
sehemu fulani ya Dunia takriban kila wiki mbili,

85
00:03:52,000 --> 00:03:54,000
kwa sababu kila wiki mbili, kuna mzee anafariki dunia

86
00:03:54,000 --> 00:03:56,000
na anakwenda kaburini na silabi za mwisho

87
00:03:56,000 --> 00:03:58,000
za lugha ya kale.

88
00:03:58,000 --> 00:04:00,000
Na najua kuna baadhi yenu mngesema,"Naam, si ingekuwa vema?

89
00:04:00,000 --> 00:04:01,000
Si ingekuwa bora zaidi

90
00:04:01,000 --> 00:04:04,000
iwapo sote tungeongea lugha moja?" Nami nasema "Vema,

91
00:04:04,000 --> 00:04:07,000
tuifanye lugha hiyo Kiyoruba. Tuifanye iwe Kikantoni.

92
00:04:07,000 --> 00:04:08,000
Tuifanye Kikogi."

93
00:04:08,000 --> 00:04:10,000
Na wote mara mtagundua nini kitatokea

94
00:04:10,000 --> 00:04:13,000
kutoweza kuongea lugha yako mwenyewe.

95
00:04:13,000 --> 00:04:16,000
Na ninachotaka kufanya nanyi leo

96
00:04:16,000 --> 00:04:20,000
ni kuwapeleka kwenye safari ya ethnosifia --

97
00:04:20,000 --> 00:04:22,000
safari fupi ya kupitia ethnosifia

98
00:04:22,000 --> 00:04:26,000
kujaribu kukupa picha ya nini kinapotea.

99
00:04:27,000 --> 00:04:34,000
Naam, kuna wengi wetu wanaosahau

100
00:04:34,000 --> 00:04:36,000
ninaposema "kuna namna mbalimbali za kuwa,"

101
00:04:36,000 --> 00:04:38,000
Namaanisha kweli kuna namna mbalimbali za kuwa.

102
00:04:39,000 --> 00:04:44,000
Chukulia kwa mfano, mtoto huyu wa Barasana huko kaskazini magharibi Amazoni

103
00:04:44,000 --> 00:04:45,000
watu wa majoka ya anakonda

104
00:04:45,000 --> 00:04:47,000
wanaoamini miujiza itokanayo na mto wa maziwa

105
00:04:47,000 --> 00:04:50,000
kutoka mashariki kwenye matumbo ya nyoka walotukuka.

106
00:04:50,000 --> 00:04:53,000
Naam, hawa ni watu ambao kwa kutambua

107
00:04:53,000 --> 00:04:55,000
hawawezi kutofautisha rangi ya bluu na rangi ya kijani

108
00:04:55,000 --> 00:04:57,000
kwakuwa paa la mbingu

109
00:04:57,000 --> 00:04:58,000
linalinganishwa na paa la msitu

110
00:04:58,000 --> 00:05:00,000
ambamo watu hawa wanategemea.

111
00:05:00,000 --> 00:05:03,000
Wana kanuni ya ajabu kuhusu ndoa na lugha

112
00:05:03,000 --> 00:05:05,000
ijulikanayo kama ndoa baina ya lugha tofauti:

113
00:05:05,000 --> 00:05:08,000
unalazimika kumuoa azungumzaye lugha tofauti na yako.

114
00:05:08,000 --> 00:05:10,000
Na hii inatokana na imani za kale,

115
00:05:10,000 --> 00:05:12,000
na bado hali ya kushangaza ipo kwenye nyumba hizi ndefu

116
00:05:12,000 --> 00:05:14,000
ambako kuna lugha sita au saba zinazozungumzwa

117
00:05:14,000 --> 00:05:16,000
kutokana na kuoana,

118
00:05:16,000 --> 00:05:19,000
hutomsikia yeyote akijifunza lugha.

119
00:05:19,000 --> 00:05:22,000
Wanasikiliza tu na kuanza kuongea.

120
00:05:22,000 --> 00:05:24,000
Au, moja ya makabila ya kushangaza niliyowahi kuishi nayo,

121
00:05:24,000 --> 00:05:28,000
ni Waorani wa Kaskazini-Mashariki ya Ecuador,

122
00:05:28,000 --> 00:05:31,000
ni watu wa ajabu ambao walitembelewa kwa mara ya kwanza mwaka 1958.

123
00:05:31,000 --> 00:05:35,000
Mnamo mwaka 1957, wamishonari watano walijaribu kuwatembelea

124
00:05:35,000 --> 00:05:36,000
na wakafanya kosa kubwa.

125
00:05:36,000 --> 00:05:37,000
Walidondosha kutoka hewani

126
00:05:37,000 --> 00:05:39,000
picha zao za ukubwa nchi nane kwa kumi

127
00:05:39,000 --> 00:05:41,000
kitu ambacho tunaweza kusema ni ishara ya urafiki,

128
00:05:41,000 --> 00:05:43,000
wakasahau kwamba watu hawa wa misitu ya kitropiki

129
00:05:43,000 --> 00:05:46,000
hawakuwahi kuona kitu chochote chenye vina viwili kabla

130
00:05:46,000 --> 00:05:48,000
Wakaziokota picha hizi toka ardhini

131
00:05:48,000 --> 00:05:51,000
wakajaribu kuangalia kwa nyuma ili kupata umbile kamili

132
00:05:51,000 --> 00:05:53,000
hawakuona kitu, na wakaamini kwamba hizi ni kadi za wito

133
00:05:53,000 --> 00:05:56,000
toka kwa shetani, kwahiyo wakawachoma mikuki wamishonari na kuwaua.

134
00:05:57,000 --> 00:05:59,000
Lakini Waorani si kwamba tu waliwachoma wageni.

135
00:05:59,000 --> 00:06:00,000
Walichomana wao kwa wao.

136
00:06:00,000 --> 00:06:03,000
54% ya vifo vyao vilitokana na kuchomana mikuki wao kwa wao.

137
00:06:03,000 --> 00:06:06,000
Tulifuatilia vizazi nane vilivyopita,

138
00:06:06,000 --> 00:06:08,000
na tukapata matukio mawili tu ya vifo vya asilia

139
00:06:08,000 --> 00:06:10,000
na tulipowauliza zaidi watu habari hizi,

140
00:06:10,000 --> 00:06:12,000
wakakiri kwamba mmoja wao alikuwa mzee sana

141
00:06:12,000 --> 00:06:16,000
na angekufa kwa uzee, kwahiyo tukamchoma mkuki tu (Kicheko)

142
00:06:16,000 --> 00:06:19,000
Lakini pia wana ujuzi wa ajabu

143
00:06:19,000 --> 00:06:20,000
wa msituni ambao unashangaza sana.

144
00:06:20,000 --> 00:06:23,000
Wawindaji huweza kunusa harufu ya mkojo wa mnyama toka umbali wa hatua 40

145
00:06:23,000 --> 00:06:26,000
na wakakwambia ni kiumbe gani ameuacha mkojo huo.

146
00:06:26,000 --> 00:06:28,000
Miaka ya 80, nilikuwa na kazi moja ya kusisimua

147
00:06:28,000 --> 00:06:30,000
nilipoulizwa na Profesa wangu wa Harvard

148
00:06:30,000 --> 00:06:32,000
iwapo ningependa kwenda Haiti,

149
00:06:33,000 --> 00:06:35,000
kupeleleza vikundi vya siri

150
00:06:35,000 --> 00:06:37,000
vilivyokuwa ngome kubwa ya Duvalier

151
00:06:37,000 --> 00:06:38,000
na majasusi wa Tonton Macoutes

152
00:06:38,000 --> 00:06:41,000
na kupata sumu itumikayo kutengeneza mizuka.

153
00:06:41,000 --> 00:06:44,000
ili kupata mantiki kutokana na uvumi

154
00:06:44,000 --> 00:06:47,000
ilinibidi nijaribu kuelewa kuhusu imani hii ya ajabu

155
00:06:47,000 --> 00:06:50,000
ya Vodoun, na Voodoo si kikundi cha uchawi wa nguvu za kiza

156
00:06:50,000 --> 00:06:53,000
Kinyume chake, ni mtazamo fulani wa ulimwengu nje ya maumbile.

157
00:06:53,000 --> 00:06:54,000
inashangaza.

158
00:06:54,000 --> 00:06:55,000
Iwapo nikikutaka utaje dini kuu za dunia,

159
00:06:55,000 --> 00:06:56,000
utasema nini?

160
00:06:56,000 --> 00:06:59,000
Ukristu, Uislamu, Ubudha, Ujudea, na kadhalika.

161
00:06:59,000 --> 00:07:01,000
Huwa kuna bara moja linasahaulika,

162
00:07:01,000 --> 00:07:03,000
kwa mtazamo kwamba nchi za Afrika, kusini mwa Sahara

163
00:07:03,000 --> 00:07:05,000
hazikuwa na imani za kidini. Vema, kwa hakika, walikuwa nazo

164
00:07:05,000 --> 00:07:07,000
na Voodoo ni mchujo tu

165
00:07:08,000 --> 00:07:09,000
wa mawazo haya makuu ya kidini

166
00:07:09,000 --> 00:07:12,000
yaliyokuja wakati wa uhamisho wa kikatili wa kipindi cha utumwa.

167
00:07:12,000 --> 00:07:14,000
Lakini, kinachofanya voodoo kuwa ya kipekee

168
00:07:14,000 --> 00:07:16,000
ni huu uhusiano wa kuishi

169
00:07:16,000 --> 00:07:17,000
kati ya wazima na wafu.

170
00:07:17,000 --> 00:07:18,000
Kwahiyo, wanaoishi wanazaa mizimu.

171
00:07:18,000 --> 00:07:21,000
Mizimu inaswaliwa kutoka kwenye Maji Makuu,

172
00:07:21,000 --> 00:07:23,000
kuitikia mapigo ya muziki

173
00:07:23,000 --> 00:07:25,000
na kusambaratisha roho za wazima kwa muda

174
00:07:25,000 --> 00:07:29,000
ili kwa kipindi maalum na kifupi, makuhani wanakuwa mungu.

175
00:07:29,000 --> 00:07:31,000
Ndiyo maana Mavoodoo wanapenda kusema

176
00:07:31,000 --> 00:07:34,000
kwamba "Nyie watu weupe mnakwenda kanisani na kuongea kuhusu Mungu.

177
00:07:34,000 --> 00:07:36,000
Sisi tunacheza hekaluni na kuwa Mungu."

178
00:07:36,000 --> 00:07:39,000
Na ni kwa sababu mnaingiliwa, mnachukuliwa na mizimu,

179
00:07:39,000 --> 00:07:40,000
unawezaje kuathirika?

180
00:07:40,000 --> 00:07:43,000
Kwahiyo unaona maonyesho haya ya kushangaza:

181
00:07:43,000 --> 00:07:45,000
kuhani wa Voodoo akiwa katika hali ya kupandisha mori

182
00:07:45,000 --> 00:07:48,000
akifukiza uvumba bila hofu,

183
00:07:48,000 --> 00:07:51,000
ni kitendo cha kushangaza cha uwezo wa akili

184
00:07:51,000 --> 00:07:52,000
kuathiri mwili unaoibeba

185
00:07:52,000 --> 00:07:55,000
unapozimuliwa na hali ya kupandisha mori.

186
00:07:56,000 --> 00:07:58,000
Na sasa, katika watu wote niliowahi kuishi nao,

187
00:07:58,000 --> 00:08:00,000
wa ajabu zaidi ni Wakogi

188
00:08:00,000 --> 00:08:03,000
wa Sierra Nevada ya Santa Marta kaskazini mwa Colombia.

189
00:08:03,000 --> 00:08:06,000
Wazawa wa ustaarabu wa kikatili wa kale

190
00:08:06,000 --> 00:08:09,000
ambao uliwahi kuenea uwanda wote wa Colombia katika pwani ya Caribbean

191
00:08:09,000 --> 00:08:10,000
wakati wa uvamizi,

192
00:08:10,000 --> 00:08:13,000
watu hawa walikimbilia kwenye safu ya milima ya kivolkano

193
00:08:13,000 --> 00:08:15,000
inayopanda juu ya pwani ya Caribbean

194
00:08:15,000 --> 00:08:17,000
Katika bara lililomwaga damu,

195
00:08:17,000 --> 00:08:20,000
hawa ni watu pekee ambao hawakushindwa vita na Waspanishi

196
00:08:20,000 --> 00:08:23,000
Mpaka leo, bado wanatawaliwa na makuhani wa kafara

197
00:08:23,000 --> 00:08:25,000
lakini mafunzo yao ya ukuhani ni ya ajabu sana

198
00:08:26,000 --> 00:08:28,000
Makuhani vijana wanachukuliwa toka kwenye familia zao

199
00:08:28,000 --> 00:08:30,000
katika umri wa miaka mitatu au minne,

200
00:08:30,000 --> 00:08:32,000
na kufichwa kwenye ulimwengu wa giza

201
00:08:32,000 --> 00:08:36,000
kwenye vibanda vya mawe chini ya malundo ya barafu kwa miaka 18.

202
00:08:36,000 --> 00:08:37,000
Vipindi viwili vya miaka tisa

203
00:08:37,000 --> 00:08:40,000
imepangwa hivyo makusudi kuigiza miezi tisa ya kukua

204
00:08:40,000 --> 00:08:42,000
waliokaa ndani ya tumbo la mama,

205
00:08:42,000 --> 00:08:45,000
na sasa kilimwengu wapo kwenye tumbo la mama mkuu.

206
00:08:45,000 --> 00:08:46,000
Na kwa muda wote huu,

207
00:08:47,000 --> 00:08:50,000
wanafundishwa maadili muhimu ya utamaduni wao,

208
00:08:50,000 --> 00:08:52,000
maadili ambayo yanatunza maombi ya sala zao

209
00:08:52,000 --> 00:08:55,000
na sala zao pekee ndizo zinatunza maumbile --

210
00:08:55,000 --> 00:08:57,000
au twaweza kusema uwiano wa mazingira.

211
00:08:58,000 --> 00:08:59,000
Na mwisho wa mafunzo haya ya ajabu,

212
00:08:59,000 --> 00:09:01,000
siku moja wanatolewa nje ghafla

213
00:09:01,000 --> 00:09:04,000
na kwa mara ya kwanza katika maisha yao, wakiwa na umri wa miaka 18

214
00:09:04,000 --> 00:09:08,000
wanaona jua likichomoza. Na katika kipindi hicho cha ufahamu

215
00:09:08,000 --> 00:09:11,000
wa mwanga wa kwanza wakati Jua linapoangaza milima

216
00:09:11,000 --> 00:09:12,000
yenye mandhari ya kupendeza,

217
00:09:13,000 --> 00:09:15,000
mara vitu vyote walivyojifunza kwa nadharia

218
00:09:15,000 --> 00:09:18,000
vinatimia kwa utukufu mkubwa. Na kuhani anarudi nyuma

219
00:09:18,000 --> 00:09:20,000
na kusema "Mnaona? Ni hakika kama nilivyowaambia.

220
00:09:20,000 --> 00:09:23,000
Ni nzuri sana. Ni jukumu lenu kuilinda."

221
00:09:23,000 --> 00:09:25,000
Wanajiita kaka wakubwa

222
00:09:25,000 --> 00:09:28,000
na wanasema sisi, ambao ni kaka wadogo,

223
00:09:28,000 --> 00:09:31,000
tunaohusika na kuiharibu dunia,

224
00:09:32,000 --> 00:09:34,000
Na sasa, kiwango cha ufahamu kinakuwa muhimu sana.

225
00:09:34,000 --> 00:09:36,000
Tunapofikiria kuhusu wazawa wa asilia na mandhari ya nchi,

226
00:09:36,000 --> 00:09:38,000
tunakuwa aidha tunamfuata Rousseau

227
00:09:38,000 --> 00:09:41,000
na nadharia ya ukatili halali,

228
00:09:41,000 --> 00:09:43,000
ambao una maanisha kwamba ubaguzi wa rangi ni urahisi,

229
00:09:43,000 --> 00:09:46,000
au badala yake, tumfuate Thoreau

230
00:09:46,000 --> 00:09:48,000
na kusema watu hawa wapo karibu zaidi na Dunia kuliko sisi,

231
00:09:48,000 --> 00:09:50,000
Vema, wazawa asilia hawana unyovu wa moyo

232
00:09:50,000 --> 00:09:52,000
wala hawasumbuliwi na mawazo ya kukumbuka nyumbani

233
00:09:52,000 --> 00:09:54,000
Hakuna fursa kubwa

234
00:09:54,000 --> 00:09:56,000
kwenye mabwawa ya malaria huko Asmat

235
00:09:56,000 --> 00:09:59,000
au kwenye upepo mkali wa Tibet, lakini wameweza, hata hivyo,

236
00:09:59,000 --> 00:10:03,000
kwa kupitia ibada fulani, wameweza kutengeneza mtazamo wa Dunia

237
00:10:03,000 --> 00:10:06,000
ambao unazingatia kujijua au kuwa karibu na kujijua,

238
00:10:06,000 --> 00:10:08,000
lakini kwa kutumia ufahamu wa juu zaidi:

239
00:10:08,000 --> 00:10:11,000
wazo la kwamba Dunia yenyewe yaweza kuwepo

240
00:10:12,000 --> 00:10:14,000
kwakuwa imepewa pumzi kwa ufahamu wa binadamu.

241
00:10:14,000 --> 00:10:16,000
Naam, hiyo ina maana gani?

242
00:10:16,000 --> 00:10:18,000
Ina maana kwamba mtoto mdogo wa huko Andes

243
00:10:18,000 --> 00:10:20,000
aliyelelewa kuamini kwamba milima ni mizimu ya Apu

244
00:10:20,000 --> 00:10:22,000
inayoleta hatima yake

245
00:10:22,000 --> 00:10:25,000
atakuwa binadamu tofauti kabisa

246
00:10:25,000 --> 00:10:28,000
na atakuwa na uhusiano tofauti na maliasili hiyo

247
00:10:28,000 --> 00:10:30,000
au sehemu ile ambako mtoto wa kutoka Montana

248
00:10:30,000 --> 00:10:33,000
amelelewa kuamini kwamba mlima ni mkusanyiko wa mawe

249
00:10:33,000 --> 00:10:34,000
yanayosubiri kuchimbuliwa.

250
00:10:34,000 --> 00:10:38,000
Ama ni makao ya mizimu au malundo ya madini si jambo muhimu.

251
00:10:38,000 --> 00:10:41,000
Kinachosisimua ni nadharia inayo ainisha uhusiano huo

252
00:10:41,000 --> 00:10:43,000
kati ya mtu na ulimwengu asilia

253
00:10:43,000 --> 00:10:45,000
Nilikulia katika misitu ya British Columbia

254
00:10:45,000 --> 00:10:47,000
na kuamini kwamba misitu hiyo ipo kwa ajili ya kukatwa,

255
00:10:47,000 --> 00:10:49,000
Hiyo imenifanya kuwa mtu tofauti

256
00:10:49,000 --> 00:10:51,000
sana na rafiki zangu miongoni mwa Kwakiutl

257
00:10:51,000 --> 00:10:53,000
ambao wanaamini kwamba misitu ni makao ya Hukuk

258
00:10:53,000 --> 00:10:54,000
na lango la peponi

259
00:10:54,000 --> 00:10:57,000
na mizimu mumiani iishiyo miisho ya kaskazini mwa ulimwengu,

260
00:10:57,000 --> 00:11:01,000
mizimu wanayokumbana nayo wakati wa simiko la Hamatsa

261
00:11:01,000 --> 00:11:03,000
Na sasa, ukianza kuzingatia wazo

262
00:11:03,000 --> 00:11:05,000
kwamba tamaduni hizi zinaweza kujenga mitazamo tofauti

263
00:11:05,000 --> 00:11:06,000
waweza kuanza kuelewa

264
00:11:06,000 --> 00:11:11,000
baadhi ya uvumbuzi wao wa ajabu. Chukulia mfano mmea huu hapa,

265
00:11:11,000 --> 00:11:13,000
Ni picha niliyoipiga Kaskazini mwa Amazoni mwezi Aprili

266
00:11:13,000 --> 00:11:16,000
Hii ni ayahuasca, wengi wenu mmekwisha sikia habari zake,

267
00:11:16,000 --> 00:11:19,000
moja kati ya michanyato mikali kabisa ya kuzingulia

268
00:11:19,000 --> 00:11:21,000
kati ya vifaa vyote vya mashamani

269
00:11:21,000 --> 00:11:23,000
kinachoifanya ayahuasca kuwa ya kushangaza zaidi

270
00:11:23,000 --> 00:11:27,000
si kiwango cha hali ya juu cha dawa inayotengenezwa

271
00:11:27,000 --> 00:11:31,000
bali maudhui yake. Inatengenezwa kutokana na vitu viwili

272
00:11:31,000 --> 00:11:33,000
Kwa upande mmoja ni mti wa liana

273
00:11:33,000 --> 00:11:35,000
ambao ni jamii ya beta-carbolines

274
00:11:35,000 --> 00:11:38,000
harmine, harmoline, ambayo ni nishai

275
00:11:38,000 --> 00:11:40,000
Kuinywa peke yake

276
00:11:40,000 --> 00:11:42,000
ni afadhali uvute moshi mzito wa bluu

277
00:11:42,000 --> 00:11:44,000
unaingia kwenye ufahamu wako

278
00:11:44,000 --> 00:11:47,000
ambao umechanganywa na majani ya jamii ya kahawa

279
00:11:47,000 --> 00:11:49,000
yaitwayo Psychotria viridis.

280
00:11:49,000 --> 00:11:52,000
Mmea huu una tindikali za tryptamines,

281
00:11:52,000 --> 00:11:56,000
inafanana sana na kisisimuzi cha mfumo wa ufahamu cha dimethyltryptamine-5,

282
00:11:56,000 --> 00:11:57,000
methoxydimethyltryptamine.


283
00:11:57,000 --> 00:11:59,000
Iwapo ungaliwaona Mayonami

284
00:11:59,000 --> 00:12:01,000
wakiingiza vitu kwenye pua zao,

285
00:12:01,000 --> 00:12:04,000
mchanyato wanaoutengeneza kwa mimea mbalimbali

286
00:12:04,000 --> 00:12:08,000
ambayo pia ina methoxydimethyltryptamine.

287
00:12:08,000 --> 00:12:10,000
Kuingiza unga huo kwenye pua yako

288
00:12:10,000 --> 00:12:14,000
ni kama vile kuzibuliwa kama risasi toka kwenye bomba la bunduki

289
00:12:14,000 --> 00:12:21,000
lililosakafiwa kwa michoro ya baroque na ukatua kwenye bahari ya umeme, (Kicheko)

290
00:12:21,000 --> 00:12:23,000
Haifanyi upotoshaji wa hali halisi;

291
00:12:23,000 --> 00:12:24,000
inayeyusha ufahamu wa hali halisi.

292
00:12:24,000 --> 00:12:27,000
Kwa kweli, nilikuwa nabishana na mwalimu wangu Profesa Richard Evan Shultes --

293
00:12:27,000 --> 00:12:29,000
mtu ambaye alianzisha zama za uchunguzi wa madawa yanayobadili ufahamu

294
00:12:29,000 --> 00:12:31,000
kwa uvumbuzi wake wa uyoga wa ajabu

295
00:12:31,000 --> 00:12:33,000
nchini Mexico mnamo miaka ya 1930.

296
00:12:33,000 --> 00:12:35,000
Nilikuwa nabisha kwamba huwezi kuainisha tryptamines hizi

297
00:12:35,000 --> 00:12:38,000
kama vilevinishai kwakuwa wakati umezinguliwa nazo

298
00:12:38,000 --> 00:12:42,000
hatokuwepo mtu mwingine akisubiri kushuhudia muweweseko wake. (Kicheko)

299
00:12:42,000 --> 00:12:45,000
Lakini kuhusu tryptamines haziwezi kunywewa

300
00:12:45,000 --> 00:12:47,000
kwakuwa zimeathiriwa na kimeng'enya

301
00:12:47,000 --> 00:12:50,000
vinavyopatikana kiasilia katika utumbo wa binadamu na huitwa monoamine oxidase

302
00:12:50,000 --> 00:12:53,000
Vinaweza kunywewa tu iwapo vitachanganywa na

303
00:12:53,000 --> 00:12:56,000
kemikali nyinginezo zinazoweza kuathiri vimeng'enya vya MAO

304
00:12:56,000 --> 00:12:57,000
Na sasa, vitu vya kushangaza

305
00:12:57,000 --> 00:13:01,000
ni hizo beta-carbolines zinazopatikana kwenye liana

306
00:13:01,000 --> 00:13:04,000
ni vidhibiti vya MAO kwa namna fulani muhimu

307
00:13:05,000 --> 00:13:08,000
kuizimua tryptamine. Na hapo unajiuliza swali

308
00:13:08,000 --> 00:13:12,000
Ilikuwaje kwenye mimea mbalimbali zaidi ya 80,000,

309
00:13:12,000 --> 00:13:16,000
watu hawa walichagua hii miwili ambayo haifanani maumbile

310
00:13:16,000 --> 00:13:17,000
lakini ambayo ikichanganywa kwa namna hii,

311
00:13:17,000 --> 00:13:19,000
inatengeneza mchanganyiko wa kemikali

312
00:13:19,000 --> 00:13:21,000
kamilifu ambayo ni zaidi ya jumla ya kila kimojawapo?

313
00:13:21,000 --> 00:13:24,000
Vema, tunatumia maneno rahisi, kwamba walikuwa wakijaribu kubahatisha,

314
00:13:24,000 --> 00:13:25,000
jambo ambalo halina ukweli wowote.

315
00:13:26,000 --> 00:13:29,000
Lakini ukiwauliza Wahindi watakwambia, "Mimea inaongea nasi."

316
00:13:29,000 --> 00:13:30,000
Vema, hiyo ina maana gani?

317
00:13:30,000 --> 00:13:34,000
Kabila hili la Cofan wana aina 17 za ayahuasca,

318
00:13:34,000 --> 00:13:37,000
na wanaweza kuitofautisha kutoka mbali huko msituni,

319
00:13:38,000 --> 00:13:42,000
na zote hizi kwetu sisi zinaonekana kuwa sawa.

320
00:13:42,000 --> 00:13:44,000
Halafu unawauliza waliwezaje kuziainisha

321
00:13:44,000 --> 00:13:47,000
na wanasema " Nilidhani unajua masuala ya mimea,

322
00:13:47,000 --> 00:13:49,000
nina maana, hujui chochote?" Na nikasema "Hapana."

323
00:13:49,000 --> 00:13:52,000
Naam, inakuwa kwamba unachukua moja ya kila hizo aina 17

324
00:13:52,000 --> 00:13:55,000
usiku wa mbalamwezi na zinakuimbia kwa mlio tofauti

325
00:13:55,000 --> 00:13:57,000
Sasa, hiyo haiwezi kukupatia Ph.D. ya Harvard,

326
00:13:57,000 --> 00:14:01,000
lakini hii inavutia zaidi ya kuhesabu chavua.

327
00:14:01,000 --> 00:14:02,000
Na sasa,

328
00:14:02,000 --> 00:14:05,000
(Makofi)


329
00:14:05,000 --> 00:14:07,000
na tatizo -- na tatizo ni kwamba hata sisi

330
00:14:07,000 --> 00:14:09,000
tunaotetea hatima ya wazawa asilia

331
00:14:09,000 --> 00:14:10,000
tunawaona kama wanavutia

332
00:14:10,000 --> 00:14:12,000
lakini wamebanwa na mipaka ya historia

333
00:14:12,000 --> 00:14:15,000
wakati ulimwengu halisi, yaani ulimwengu wetu, unasonga mbele.

334
00:14:15,000 --> 00:14:17,000
Vema, ukweli ni kwamba karne ya 20, miaka 300 kuanzia sasa,

335
00:14:17,000 --> 00:14:20,000
haitakumbukwa kwa vita vyake

336
00:14:20,000 --> 00:14:21,000
au uvumbuzi wa kiteknolojia

337
00:14:21,000 --> 00:14:23,000
bali ni zama ambazo tulikaa

338
00:14:24,000 --> 00:14:26,000
na kuunga mkono waziwazi au tu kukubali

339
00:14:26,000 --> 00:14:29,000
uharibifu mkubwa wa urithi mkubwa wa kibaiolojia au kiutamaduni

340
00:14:29,000 --> 00:14:32,000
duniani. Kwa sasa, tatizo si mabadiliko.

341
00:14:32,000 --> 00:14:34,000
Tamaduni zote wakati wote

342
00:14:34,000 --> 00:14:37,000
zimejihusisha na mchezo

343
00:14:37,000 --> 00:14:38,000
wa masuala mapya ya kimaisha.

344
00:14:39,000 --> 00:14:41,000
Na tatizo si teknolojia peke yake.

345
00:14:42,000 --> 00:14:44,000
Wahindi Wekundu Sioux hawajaacha kuwa Sioux

346
00:14:44,000 --> 00:14:45,000
walipoacha upinde na mshale

347
00:14:45,000 --> 00:14:47,000
kama vile ambavyo Mmarekani kuacha kuwa Mmarekani

348
00:14:47,000 --> 00:14:49,000
alipoacha farasi na mkokoteni wake

349
00:14:49,000 --> 00:14:50,000
Si mabadiliko ya teknolojia

350
00:14:50,000 --> 00:14:54,000
yanayotishia uhai wa ethnosifia. Ni ubabe.

351
00:14:54,000 --> 00:14:56,000
Sura katili ya miliki.

352
00:14:56,000 --> 00:14:58,000
Na chochote unachokiangalia duniani,

353
00:14:58,000 --> 00:15:01,000
utaona kwamba hizi si tamaduni tu zinazopotea.

354
00:15:01,000 --> 00:15:03,000
Hawa ni watu halisi wanaoishi

355
00:15:03,000 --> 00:15:06,000
wakiondolewa uhai kwa nguvu zinazojulikana

356
00:15:06,000 --> 00:15:08,000
lakini ziko nje ya uwezo wao kuzimudu.

357
00:15:08,000 --> 00:15:10,000
Iwapo ni uharibifu mbaya wa misitu

358
00:15:11,000 --> 00:15:13,000
kwenye nchi ya Wapenani --

359
00:15:13,000 --> 00:15:16,000
watu waishio kwa kuhamahama huko Asia ya Kusinimashariki, kutoka Sarawak --

360
00:15:16,000 --> 00:15:20,000
watu walioshi huru mwituni mpaka kizazi kimoja kilichopita,

361
00:15:20,000 --> 00:15:23,000
na sasa wote wamezuiliwa na kutumikishwa

362
00:15:23,000 --> 00:15:25,000
kwenye kingo za mito,

363
00:15:25,000 --> 00:15:29,000
ambako utaona mito yenyewe imechafuliwa kwa tope

364
00:15:29,000 --> 00:15:31,000
yanayoonekana kubeba takriban nusu ya ukubwa wa kisiwa cha Borneo

365
00:15:31,000 --> 00:15:32,000
kwenda Bahari ya China ya Kusini,

366
00:15:32,000 --> 00:15:34,000
ambako meli za Kijapani zinasubiri

367
00:15:34,000 --> 00:15:38,000
tayari kubeba magogo mabichi yaliyozolewa toka misituni.

368
00:15:38,000 --> 00:15:39,000
Au suala la Wayanomami,

369
00:15:39,000 --> 00:15:41,000
ni ugonjwa ambao umeingia,

370
00:15:41,000 --> 00:15:43,000
wakati wa uvumbuzi wa dhahabu.

371
00:15:43,000 --> 00:15:45,000
Au tukienda kwenye milima ya Tibet,

372
00:15:45,000 --> 00:15:47,000
ambako ninafanya utafiti mwingi kwa sasa,

373
00:15:48,000 --> 00:15:51,000
utaona sura ya kutisha ya ubeberu wa kisiasa.

374
00:15:51,000 --> 00:15:53,000
Kama ujuavyo, mauaji ya halaiki, kumaliza maisha ya watu

375
00:15:53,000 --> 00:15:55,000
kunalaaniwa ulimwenguni kote, lakini mauaji ya kiutamaduni,

376
00:15:56,000 --> 00:15:59,000
uharibifu wa utaratibu wa maisha ya watu, siyo tu kwamba unalaaniwa,

377
00:15:59,000 --> 00:16:02,000
unashangiliwa -- na makundi mengi

378
00:16:02,000 --> 00:16:04,000
kuwa kama mkakati wa maendeleo.

379
00:16:04,000 --> 00:16:07,000
Na huwezi kuelewa uchungu wa Tibet

380
00:16:07,000 --> 00:16:09,000
mpaka usafiri kwa barabara.

381
00:16:09,000 --> 00:16:13,000
Niliwahi kusafiri maili 6,000 kutoka Chengdu huko Magharibi mwa China

382
00:16:13,000 --> 00:16:16,000
kwa barabara kupitia kusinimashariki Tibet mpaka Lhasa

383
00:16:16,000 --> 00:16:20,000
nikiwa na mwenzi ambaye ni kijana, na mpaka nilipofika Lhasa

384
00:16:20,000 --> 00:16:23,000
ndipo nikaelewa ukweli kuhusu takwimu

385
00:16:23,000 --> 00:16:24,000
unazozisikia.

386
00:16:24,000 --> 00:16:28,000
majengo matakatifu takriban 6,000 yamebomolewa kuwa vumbi na majivu.

387
00:16:28,000 --> 00:16:31,000
watu milioni 1.2 wameuawa na makada

388
00:16:31,000 --> 00:16:32,000
wakati wa Mapinduzi ya Utamaduni

389
00:16:33,000 --> 00:16:35,000
Baba wa kijana huyu alitawazwa kuwa naibu wa Lama.

390
00:16:35,000 --> 00:16:37,000
Kwa sababu hiyo aliuawa mara tu

391
00:16:37,000 --> 00:16:39,000
ya uvamizi wa China.

392
00:16:39,000 --> 00:16:41,000
Mjomba wake alitoroka pamoja na mhashamu kwenda uhamishoni

393
00:16:41,000 --> 00:16:44,000
nchini Nepal

394
00:16:44,000 --> 00:16:46,000
Mama yake alifungwa kwa sababu tu --

395
00:16:46,000 --> 00:16:48,000
alikuwa tajiri.

396
00:16:49,000 --> 00:16:51,000
Yeye alipenyezwa kwa siri kuingizwa jela akiwa na umri wa miaka miwili

397
00:16:51,000 --> 00:16:53,000
kujificha kwenye sketi za mamaake

398
00:16:53,000 --> 00:16:55,000
kwakuwa hakuweza kustahimili kuishi bila mwanae.

399
00:16:55,000 --> 00:16:57,000
Dada yake aliyefanya kitendo hicho cha kishujaa

400
00:16:57,000 --> 00:16:58,000
alipelekwa kwenye kambi ya elimu

401
00:16:58,000 --> 00:17:00,000
Siku moja kwa bahati mbaya alikumbana na kundi la askari

402
00:17:01,000 --> 00:17:03,000
wa Mao, na kwa kosa hilo,

403
00:17:03,000 --> 00:17:06,000
akahukumiwa kifungo cha miaka saba na kazi ngumu.

404
00:17:06,000 --> 00:17:09,000
Machungu ya Tibet hayavumiliki,

405
00:17:09,000 --> 00:17:12,000
lakini ujasiri wa watu hawa ni kitu cha kusisimua.

406
00:17:13,000 --> 00:17:16,000
Na mwisho wake, inakuja mwisho kwenye uchaguzi,

407
00:17:16,000 --> 00:17:19,000
Tunataka kuishi kwenye ulimwengu unaochosha wa utamaduni mmoja

408
00:17:19,000 --> 00:17:22,000
au tunapenda kuwa na mtandao wa tamaduni mbalimbali?

409
00:17:22,000 --> 00:17:25,000
Margaret Mead, mtaalam maarufu wa mambo ya kale, kabla ya kifo chake alisema

410
00:17:25,000 --> 00:17:28,000
wasiwasi wake mkubwa ni kwamba tunazidi kuelekea kwenye

411
00:17:28,000 --> 00:17:30,000
hii hali ya mtazamo mmoja wa kilimwengu

412
00:17:30,000 --> 00:17:35,000
si tu kwamba tutaona uwezo mkubwa wa ufahamu wa binadamu

413
00:17:35,000 --> 00:17:39,000
ukipunguzwa kuwa mawazo finyu,

414
00:17:39,000 --> 00:17:40,000
bali tutazinduka siku moja

415
00:17:40,000 --> 00:17:43,000
tukiwa tumesahau kwamba kuna uwezekano tofauti wa mambo.

416
00:17:44,000 --> 00:17:47,000
Na ni taadhima kubwa kukumbuka kwamba kizazi chetu kimekuwepo kwa

417
00:17:47,000 --> 00:17:49,000
takriban miaka 600,000

418
00:17:49,000 --> 00:17:52,000
Mapinduzi ya Kilimo -- yaliyoanzisha ukulima,

419
00:17:52,000 --> 00:17:54,000
tulipo salim amri kwenye imani ya mbegu

420
00:17:54,000 --> 00:17:56,000
ushairi wa shaman ulisambaratishwa

421
00:17:56,000 --> 00:17:57,000
kwa maandiko ya ukuhani

422
00:17:57,000 --> 00:18:00,000
tukajenga daraja za umiliki ziada --

423
00:18:00,000 --> 00:18:02,000
ni miaka 10,000 iliyopita tu.

424
00:18:02,000 --> 00:18:04,000
Maendeleo ya viwanda kama tuyajuavyo

425
00:18:04,000 --> 00:18:06,000
yana si zaidi ya miaka 300.

426
00:18:06,000 --> 00:18:08,000
Na sasa, historia hiyo ya juu juu hainishawishi

427
00:18:08,000 --> 00:18:11,000
kwamba tuna majibu ya matatizo yetu yote

428
00:18:11,000 --> 00:18:13,000
yatakayo tufariji katika hatima ya milenia

429
00:18:13,000 --> 00:18:15,000
Wakati hizi tamaduni mbalimbali ulimwenguni

430
00:18:15,000 --> 00:18:18,000
zikiulizwa maana ya kuwa binadamu,

431
00:18:18,000 --> 00:18:20,000
zitakujibu kwa sauti 10,000 tofauti.

432
00:18:20,000 --> 00:18:26,000
Na kwa kupitia wimbo huo ndipo tutatambua uwezekano

433
00:18:26,000 --> 00:18:29,000
wa kuona kwamba sisi ni viumbe wenye ufahamu,

434
00:18:29,000 --> 00:18:32,000
kufahamu fika kuhakikisha watu wote na bustani zote

435
00:18:32,000 --> 00:18:38,000
zinapata namna ya kustawi. Na kuna vipindi vya matumaini.

436
00:18:38,000 --> 00:18:41,000
Hii ni picha niliyoipiga kwenye ncha ya kaskazini mwa kisiwa cha Baffin

437
00:18:41,000 --> 00:18:43,000
nilipokwenda kuwinda nyangumi wenye pembe nikiwa na Wainuiti,

438
00:18:44,000 --> 00:18:47,000
na mtu huyu, Olaya, alinisimulia hadithi ya ajabu kuhusu babu yake.

439
00:18:48,000 --> 00:18:50,000
Serikali ya Canada haikuwa ikiwatendea haki

440
00:18:50,000 --> 00:18:52,000
Wainuiti, katika miaka ya 1950,

441
00:18:52,000 --> 00:18:55,000
ili kujenga utaifa, tuliwahamishia kwenye vijiji.

442
00:18:55,000 --> 00:18:59,000
Babu yake alikataa kwenda.

443
00:18:59,000 --> 00:19:03,000
Nduguze, kwa kuhofia maisha yake, wakampokonya silaha zake zote,

444
00:19:03,000 --> 00:19:04,000
na vifaa vyake vyote.

445
00:19:05,000 --> 00:19:07,000
Na sasa, uelewe kwamba Wainuiti hawakuogopa baridi;

446
00:19:07,000 --> 00:19:08,000
walijinufaisha nayo.

447
00:19:08,000 --> 00:19:11,000
Mikokoteni ya kuteleza kwenye barafu ilitengenezwa kwa samaki

448
00:19:11,000 --> 00:19:12,000
na kufunikwa kwa ngozi ya swala.

449
00:19:12,000 --> 00:19:17,000
Kwahiyo babu yake mtu huyu hakutishika na usiku wa huko Aktika

450
00:19:17,000 --> 00:19:19,000
au upepo mkali ulokuwa ukipuliza

451
00:19:19,000 --> 00:19:22,000
Alitoka nje, akavua suruali yake

452
00:19:23,000 --> 00:19:26,000
na kunyea mkononi. Na kinyesi kilipoanza kuganda,

453
00:19:26,000 --> 00:19:29,000
akafinyanga katika umbile la upanga.

454
00:19:29,000 --> 00:19:31,000
Akatemea mate kwenye upande wa makali ya upanga huo wa kinyesi

455
00:19:31,000 --> 00:19:34,000
na baadae inaganda na kuwa ngumu, na aliitumia kumuua mbwa.

456
00:19:34,000 --> 00:19:37,000
Akamchuna mbwa na kuboresha silaha yake,

457
00:19:37,000 --> 00:19:40,000
akachukua ubavu wa mbwa na kutengeneza mkokoteni wa kuteleza,

458
00:19:41,000 --> 00:19:42,000
akamfunga mbwa wa pili,

459
00:19:42,000 --> 00:19:46,000
na kutokomea kwenye uwanda wa barafu, kisu cha kinyesi kibindoni.

460
00:19:46,000 --> 00:19:50,000
Halafu unazungumzia kujikwamua bila kitu chochote (Kicheko)

461
00:19:50,000 --> 00:19:51,000
Na hii, kwa namna mbalimbali,

462
00:19:51,000 --> 00:19:53,000
(Makofi)

463
00:19:53,000 --> 00:19:55,000
hii ni ishara ya ujasiri wa Wainuiti

464
00:19:55,000 --> 00:19:58,000
na wazawa wote asilia ulimwenguni kote.

465
00:19:58,000 --> 00:20:00,000
Serikali ya Canada mnamo Aprili 1999

466
00:20:00,000 --> 00:20:03,000
waliwarudishia mamlaka Wainuiti

467
00:20:03,000 --> 00:20:06,000
kwenye eneo kubwa kuliko California na Texas yakiunganishwa pamoja.

468
00:20:06,000 --> 00:20:08,000
Ni nchi yetu mpya. Inaitwa Nunavut.

469
00:20:09,000 --> 00:20:12,000
Ni jimbo linalojitegemea. Wanasimamia maliasili zote za madini.

470
00:20:12,000 --> 00:20:14,000
Ni mfano wa ajabu jinsi ambavyo taifa

471
00:20:14,000 --> 00:20:18,000
linafikia -- au kutafuta muafaka na watu wake.

472
00:20:19,000 --> 00:20:22,000
Na mwisho, hatimaye, naona ni wazi kabisa

473
00:20:22,000 --> 00:20:23,000
walau wengi wetu tulosafiri

474
00:20:23,000 --> 00:20:25,000
kwenye sehemu hizi za mbali kwenye dunia,

475
00:20:27,000 --> 00:20:28,000
tumegundua si mbali tena.

476
00:20:28,000 --> 00:20:30,000
Ni makazi ya mtu fulani.

477
00:20:30,000 --> 00:20:32,000
Yanaonyesha matawi ya mawazo ya binadamu

478
00:20:32,000 --> 00:20:36,000
kwamba nenda nyuma kwenye mwanzo wa nyakati. Na kwetu sote,

479
00:20:36,000 --> 00:20:39,000
ndoto za watoto hawa, kama vile ndoto za watoto wetu wenyewe,

480
00:20:39,000 --> 00:20:42,000
zimekuwa sehemu ya jiografia ya matumaini.

481
00:20:42,000 --> 00:20:46,000
Kwahiyo, tunachojaribu kufanya National Geographic hatimaye,

482
00:20:46,000 --> 00:20:50,000
ni, tunaamini kwamba wanasiasa hawafanikishi lolote.

483
00:20:50,000 --> 00:20:51,000
Huo ni ukosoaji wa hoja --

484
00:20:51,000 --> 00:20:53,000
(Makofi)


485
00:20:53,000 --> 00:20:55,000
tunadhani kwamba wakosoaji hawana ushawishi,

486
00:20:55,000 --> 00:20:58,000
lakini tunaamini kwamba kuhadithia kutaibadili dunia,

487
00:20:58,000 --> 00:21:01,000
na kwahiyo sisi ni miongoni mwa taasisi bora zaidi za masimulizi

488
00:21:01,000 --> 00:21:04,000
duniani. Tunapata watembezi milioni 35 kwenye tovuti yetu kila mwezi.

489
00:21:04,000 --> 00:21:07,000
Nchi 156 zinarusha matangazo ya televisheni yetu.

490
00:21:08,000 --> 00:21:10,000
Majarida yetu yanasomwa na mamilioni.

491
00:21:10,000 --> 00:21:13,000
Na tunachokifanya ni safari nyingi

492
00:21:13,000 --> 00:21:15,000
kwenda kwenye ethnosifia ambako tunawapeleka watazamaji wetu

493
00:21:15,000 --> 00:21:17,000
kwenye sehemu ambako kuna maajabu ya kiutamaduni

494
00:21:18,000 --> 00:21:20,000
ambayo hawatoweza kuvumilia bali kushangazwa

495
00:21:20,000 --> 00:21:22,000
na wanachokiona, na natumaini, kwahiyo,

496
00:21:22,000 --> 00:21:25,000
kukubali taratibu, mmoja mmoja,

497
00:21:25,000 --> 00:21:27,000
kiini cha uvumbuzi wa elimu ya mambo ya kale:

498
00:21:27,000 --> 00:21:31,000
kwamba ulimwengu unastahili kuwepo kwa namna mbalimbali

499
00:21:31,000 --> 00:21:32,000
na kwamba tunaweza kupata namna ya kuishi

500
00:21:32,000 --> 00:21:35,000
katika ulimwengu wa tamaduni tofauti

501
00:21:35,000 --> 00:21:37,000
ambako busara zote za watu

502
00:21:37,000 --> 00:21:40,000
zitachangia ustawi wetu sote

503
00:21:40,000 --> 00:21:41,000
Asante sana.

504
00:21:41,000 --> 00:21:43,000
(Makofi)