WEBVTT

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Hey! I'm Jacob Barnett, 
are you guys excited?

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(Cheers)

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Alright!

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I am here to tell you why you guys
should forget everything you know,

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right now!

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So, first thing you guys need to know:

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suppose you guys are 
all doing your homework.

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OK, you know, 
it's something you have to do;

00:00:33.755 --> 00:00:36.071
and, you're doing great
on your homework,

00:00:36.071 --> 00:00:39.247
you are getting great grades,
fabulous prizes, such as you know,

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Benjamins and all this great stuff.

00:00:42.328 --> 00:00:44.007
I'm here to tell you
that you're doing it all wrong!

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That's right, I did just say that, 
you're doing it all wrong!

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In order to succeed

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you have to look at everything with your
own unique perspective.

00:00:53.845 --> 00:00:56.227
OK, what does that mean?

00:00:56.227 --> 00:00:58.580
That means that, when you think,

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you must think in your own creative way,

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not accepting everything
that's already out there.

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By the way,

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the people I'm showing you in the background 
are my little brothers Ethan and Wesley,


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one of them is a chemist and the
other one is a meteorologist.

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So, your perspective might be 
the only way you can see

00:01:14.366 --> 00:01:18.033
art or history
or music, or whatever.

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So, let me show you one of the 
ways in which I can see math.

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So, for example,

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that's 32 and the rotations represent:

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addition, subtraction,
division, multiplication, etc.

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My main reason of coming out here


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is to do some quantum mechanics, OK?

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So, today, what we're gonna do is,

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we're gonna do the Schrödinger equation,

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split it into time independent components,

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and we're gonna solve it for

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the boundary conditions of a 
lattice and a particle in the box.

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So, let's get to work!

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So, I have some lecture notes, 
which I'd like you guys to pass out.

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I'm gonna split them into two rows.

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So, if I can have some people
come up and get these?

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No, wait.
Before you come up here

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I need to let you know about
something very quickly.

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OK, just stay there.
I'm kidding!

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(Laughter)

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I didn't --
(Applause)

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I did not come here to frighten you all
with quantum mechanics -- not yet.

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So, let's think about something simpler.

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How many of you here 
have heard about circles?

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OK, good.

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So, why are circles important?

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They are the shape of cookies.

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They are the shape of 
skateboard wheels,

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and most importantly,

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they're the shape of the thing 
that turns on your X-box 360.

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(Laughter)

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So, what do we know 
from school about circles?

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We know Pi r2, 
we know they're round.

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Do we know anything else?

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Not really. 


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(Laughter)

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So, let me tell you something cool
you can do with circles.

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It's called Johnson's Theorem.

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It's not really a theorem, 
it's just, you know,

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a way mathematicians
can think of stuff.

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So, what Johnson said was,

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"You take three circles,

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you overlap them in a way 
so that there's six blue lines" --

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where I call each 
of the circles blue;

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so there's six lines 
coming in one point.

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The other three points 
are in a circle of the same size;

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Interesting. 


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So, this isn't just Pi r2,
This is something new.

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So because Johnson didn't just think:


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"Oh, it's gotta be Pi r2 and round,
that's it,"

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he created math.

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And he did it in his own
unique perspective way.

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So, now I know not all of you are 
necessarily mathematically gifted,

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so --

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(Laughter)

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so, let's move on to some
more interesting stuff.

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By now you might have heard about
Isaac Newton in your High School career.

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You might have heard 
about him from prisms 


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or whatever he might have done.

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So, in 1665, Isaac Newton
was at the University of Cambridge.

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Now, for those of you who
really know your history,

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at that time Cambridge
had closed due to the plague.

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So, Isaac Newton, 
he didn't have a way to learn.

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He had to stop learning,
and he was probably,

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hiding in a dormitory with 
his cat running from the plague.

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Now, while he was doing this 
he decided he had to stop learning,

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but he didn't want 
to stop thinking.

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OK? So, because of that he was thinking
about this problem in astrophysics.

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And specifically I think
he wanted to calculate 


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the motion of the Moon
around the Earth,

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so I sort of revamped that problem
into the case of Mercury around the Sun.

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So, OK.

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What he did was, in order to solve
this problem he created calculus,

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Newton's three laws, 
the universal law of gravitation, 


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the reflecting telescope 
to check his work, and optics,

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and all this crazy stuff in that two years
that he had stopped learning.

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So, I guess that was really good for us,

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because at that time
Newton had to stop learning; 


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but when he stopped learning he started
thinking and he created science.

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And, OK, that's just great,
we now have a theory of physics!

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So, OK.

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He could have probably 
been some top scholar,

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he could have had a 4.0 GPA,

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he could have been 
on the dean's list,

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he could have had 
his professors proud;

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but he wouldn't have created anything

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if he didn't stop learning.

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Newton needed to start thinking,

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and think of things out of his
own unique perspective,

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in order to create his theory.

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So, now let me formally introduce myself

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because I did not do that 
at the beginning of the talk.

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So, about 11 years ago I was diagnosed
with this thing called autism.

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What that meant was I was focusing
on things in such extreme detail,

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that it seemed I wasn't thinking at all.

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Basically I'd be like,"Oh, look here's
this reflection of that light,

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so there's light up here,
but, oh, there's my shadow,

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so there's a light back there"
and I looked over and it's over there.

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(Laughter)

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OK.


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So, because of that, you know,

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people thought I would never learn 


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because it just looked 
I was just staring into the opening; 


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it looked like 
I wasn't doing anything at all.

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So, people told me I would
never learn, I'd never think,

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I'd never talk, I'd never 
tie my shoes, which --

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OK, they might have had
a point, you know,

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I'm wearing sandals.

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So --
(Laughter)

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You know, but however, 
at that age,

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I went to the Barnes and Noble, 
and I got a textbook,

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and from the data that was in that textbook
I derived Kepler's laws.

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When I wasn't supposed to be
learning or thinking at all.

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So, basically from the other
people's point of view

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it wasn't really looking too good, I wasn't
fingerpainting, or doing story time,

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or any of the other stuff 
the 2-3-4 year olds would do;

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but, you know, 
what they did was, because I --

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they took me to special Ed.,

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which is extremely special

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in the fact that it didn't educate me.

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(Laughter)

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So, during that time
I had to stop learning

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because I didn't have a 
way to learn, you know,

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I was just in special Ed. 


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So what they would do is --

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So, I wasn't able to learn
anything at all.

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However, at that age I started
thinking about things

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and sort of the way
of all of these shadows,

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and I think that's why I like astrophysics,
and physics, and math today;

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because I had to stop learning,

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I believe that's why
I do what I do today.

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OK, so let me continue
about gravity.

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It's a very exciting topic for those
of us who are in physics.

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So let me continue.

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Now, what happened was,

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about a couple of centuries later,

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the physicists had enough experimental 
technology to test Newton's orbit.

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Now, Newton predicted that
the orbit of Mercury was an oval,

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or as scientists like to say
"an ellipse."

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However, when we pointed our 
telescopes out, we saw that thing.

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For those of you who are scientists you know 
that's extremely exaggerated, but --

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This was not looking good, 
Newton had failed.

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One of the greatest physicists,
of all minds, had failed, he failed!

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(Laughter)

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So, we needed someone else,
just like Newton had done,

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to forget everything they knew! 


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And you know, recreate this.

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That man's name was Albert Einstein.

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Albert Einstein, what he would
-- he was also --

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he was stopped in his tracks, 
he was not doing very well.

00:08:34.130 --> 00:08:37.142
He was Jewish 
and it was pre-Nazi Germany,

00:08:37.142 --> 00:08:40.815
so, he was not able to get
a position at the local university.

00:08:40.815 --> 00:08:42.838
He had to work at a patent office;

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which, OK, that's not theoretical physics, 
and we're talking about Einstein here.

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So, yeah,

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what happened was, Einstein, 
he had all this time to think all of a sudden.

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He had to stop learning, 
but he had all this time to think;

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and so, what he had done was,

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he liked to have these
thought experiments

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and liked to think about 
all these different things.

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So what Einstein thought was, 


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OK, he pictured himself on 
a trampoline with a couple of friends,

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which -- they are actually --
a failure of my sentence there,

00:09:14.426 --> 00:09:15.657
and the fact that physicists


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that's usually a couple 
more than they have.

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(Laughter)

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Albert Einstein was probably on 
a trampoline with one of his friends,

00:09:28.138 --> 00:09:30.017
and you know, they were
probably playing some,

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I don’t know, tennis or something.

00:09:33.275 --> 00:09:35.573
So, however, you know, 
they are physicists,

00:09:35.573 --> 00:09:37.405
they don’t have very good 
hand to eye coordination,


00:09:37.405 --> 00:09:38.787
so they probably didn't, you know,

00:09:38.787 --> 00:09:41.326
catch the tennis ball, and
it went rolling around them;

00:09:41.326 --> 00:09:42.747
and Einstein looked at this and said,

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"Without friction, this is gravity!"

00:09:45.523 --> 00:09:48.040
He realized, "This is just gravity."

00:09:48.040 --> 00:09:50.165
So, afterwards, 
he predicted the motion

00:09:50.165 --> 00:09:52.886
which is gonna end up
like that crazy thing;

00:09:52.886 --> 00:09:57.482
but that crazy thing is exactly 
that other crazy thing.

00:09:57.482 --> 00:10:00.649
So, Einstein had solved the problem

00:10:00.649 --> 00:10:03.111
just by thinking about it in his 
own unique perspective,

00:10:03.111 --> 00:10:04.973
in his own unique way.


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He stopped learning,
and he started thinking,

00:10:06.524 --> 00:10:09.527
and he started creating.

00:10:09.527 --> 00:10:11.772
So now let me get back 
on the story, you know,

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I wasn’t really looking too good,

00:10:13.855 --> 00:10:16.943
so I just kind of brush it over there.

00:10:16.943 --> 00:10:20.623
So, about three years ago, I --

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OK, there was a calculus class
I wanted to sit in the back of,

00:10:23.034 --> 00:10:25.248
so, I decided,
in order to sit in the back of this,

00:10:25.248 --> 00:10:28.026
I am going to learn:
algebra, trigonometry,

00:10:28.026 --> 00:10:29.913
all this other middle school stuff,

00:10:29.913 --> 00:10:30.904
all the high school math,

00:10:30.904 --> 00:10:33.921
and first year undergrad 
calculus in two weeks,

00:10:33.921 --> 00:10:36.818
so I could sit in the 
back of this class.

00:10:36.818 --> 00:10:38.129
I was ten.

00:10:38.129 --> 00:10:40.497
(Laughter)

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Okay --

00:10:42.951 --> 00:10:45.037
So, also at that time, proving this,

00:10:45.037 --> 00:10:47.603
I got accepted into the University;

00:10:47.603 --> 00:10:50.814
and yet again I was still ten.

00:10:50.814 --> 00:10:54.992
So, OK, then I had to go to
an entrance interview,

00:10:55.828 --> 00:10:58.367
you know, that’s what you gotta do,
its a university.

00:10:58.367 --> 00:11:00.367
So, I had to go
to this entrance interview,

00:11:00.367 --> 00:11:02.828
and because of parking,
I had all these coins,

00:11:02.828 --> 00:11:04.013
and, you know,

00:11:04.013 --> 00:11:05.826
I dropped them all 
over the guy's office;

00:11:05.826 --> 00:11:07.693
making him think I had
no common sense 


00:11:07.693 --> 00:11:11.151
and he pretty much held 
me back for a semester.

00:11:11.151 --> 00:11:14.939
So, I also had to stop 
learning at that time.

00:11:14.939 --> 00:11:17.465
OK, what did I do?

00:11:17.465 --> 00:11:22.218
Did I stop learning and just, you know,
start playing video games and stuff?

00:11:22.218 --> 00:11:24.593
No!

00:11:24.593 --> 00:11:27.350
I started thinking about shapes!

00:11:27.350 --> 00:11:30.522
(Laughter)

00:11:30.522 --> 00:11:33.946
And I was thinking about this 
specific problem in astrophysics

00:11:33.946 --> 00:11:35.567
that I was really 
interested in at that time,

00:11:35.567 --> 00:11:37.029
which I still kind of am.

00:11:37.029 --> 00:11:38.949
Now, what I did was,

00:11:38.949 --> 00:11:40.844
over the next two weeks I started 
thinking about these shapes, 


00:11:40.844 --> 00:11:42.630
I started thinking about this problem,

00:11:42.630 --> 00:11:45.642
and after a while I had solved it.

00:11:45.642 --> 00:11:47.622
So, I have solved this 
problem in astrophysics,

00:11:47.622 --> 00:11:49.085
which basically is similar to,

00:11:49.085 --> 00:11:51.003
you know, what's happening with 
Einstein and Newton right now.

00:11:51.003 --> 00:11:53.556
I am not going to tell 
you the exact problem

00:11:53.556 --> 00:11:55.825
due to the fact that I have
not published it, yet.

00:11:55.825 --> 00:11:58.593
When my paper gets published,
you may figure out about it;

00:11:58.593 --> 00:12:00.204
(Laughter)

00:12:00.204 --> 00:12:01.884
for those who read scientific papers.

00:12:01.884 --> 00:12:03.386
(Laughter)

00:12:04.501 --> 00:12:07.653
I thought about all these problems
and you know,

00:12:07.653 --> 00:12:10.767
I only has a 500 cheap
thing of paper from Officemax;

00:12:10.767 --> 00:12:12.646
and since I was thinking about
these multidimensional things,

00:12:12.646 --> 00:12:14.911
it filled them up really quickly.

00:12:14.911 --> 00:12:17.678
So, then I moved on to white boards
because I was out of paper.

00:12:17.678 --> 00:12:20.392
But the white board,
it also filled up pretty quickly,

00:12:20.392 --> 00:12:24.675
so then I moved on 
to my parents' windows.

00:12:25.520 --> 00:12:29.210
After that I got chased down by
all this Windex and stuff

00:12:29.210 --> 00:12:35.109
and, you know, my equations would get erased
by these horrible Windex creators but,

00:12:35.109 --> 00:12:38.035
so, because of that,

00:12:38.035 --> 00:12:39.728
after about a month or so,

00:12:39.728 --> 00:12:41.402
my parents realized I was 
not going out to the park,

00:12:41.402 --> 00:12:44.442
I was just drawing these 
weird shapes on the windows.

00:12:44.442 --> 00:12:46.662
And basically I was 
trying to disprove myself,

00:12:46.662 --> 00:12:48.300
you know, I didn’t want to end up
like Newton;

00:12:48.300 --> 00:12:49.609
I did not want to, you know,

00:12:49.609 --> 00:12:52.059
be proven a hundred years
down the road, disproved.

00:12:52.059 --> 00:12:55.020
So, what I did was,
I was going on the windows,

00:12:55.020 --> 00:12:59.147
I was trying to disprove
myself, but to no avail.

00:12:59.147 --> 00:13:00.378
After that, my parents,

00:13:00.378 --> 00:13:02.193
you know, they figured 
I should be on the park,

00:13:02.193 --> 00:13:04.543
so they called some
guy up at Princeton,

00:13:04.543 --> 00:13:08.200
and they told him to disprove
what I was doing.

00:13:08.200 --> 00:13:11.463
Unfortunately that wasn't the case, 
and he said I was on the right track;

00:13:11.463 --> 00:13:14.665

so, I'm not going to the park.

00:13:14.665 --> 00:13:24.283
(Laughter)
(Applause)

00:13:26.170 --> 00:13:27.894
Then because I had to stop learning,

00:13:27.894 --> 00:13:30.720
I started thinking 
and I solved the problem.

00:13:32.098 --> 00:13:35.258
After that I decided to create
a calculus video 


00:13:35.258 --> 00:13:38.137
for other people who wanted to 
still do calculus;

00:13:38.137 --> 00:13:41.195
the three others out there, and,

00:13:41.195 --> 00:13:43.555
so that way they could also learn.

00:13:43.555 --> 00:13:46.962
OK, so, I made this calculus video,

00:13:46.962 --> 00:13:51.001
people noticed that I was 12 
and I was doing a calculus video.

00:13:51.001 --> 00:13:55.192
After that, the first people that
noticed was the Indianapolis Star,

00:13:55.192 --> 00:13:57.708
and they put me on the front
page of some newspaper

00:13:57.708 --> 00:13:59.756
and as you can see 
from this picture,

00:13:59.756 --> 00:14:05.361
I was eating a sandwich, 
it was really yummy.

00:14:05.361 --> 00:14:07.967
So, OK.

00:14:07.967 --> 00:14:10.304
After that, my calculus 
video, it went viral. 


00:14:10.304 --> 00:14:14.350
At the time of this photo
it had some two million views.

00:14:14.350 --> 00:14:19.382
So, first of all a calculus video going viral,
who would have ever thought?

00:14:19.382 --> 00:14:21.809
(Laughter)

00:14:21.809 --> 00:14:26.156
So, after that it got translated
into whatever this language is.

00:14:26.156 --> 00:14:27.783
Is there anybody who can tell
me what language this is?

00:14:27.783 --> 00:14:31.517
I can't read it.
(Audience) Chinese

00:14:31.517 --> 00:14:33.949
OK, it's Chinese,
OK, good to know.

00:14:33.949 --> 00:14:36.541
(Laughter)

00:14:36.541 --> 00:14:42.138
So, then after that, I had some 
guy from Fox TV call me up,

00:14:42.138 --> 00:14:44.841
and I was able to draw on his 
windows, and he was Glen Beck.

00:14:44.841 --> 00:14:49.320
(Laughter)

00:14:49.320 --> 00:14:52.068
The thing special about that experience
was that the windows were huge,

00:14:52.068 --> 00:14:54.973
23 floors above the ground, 
and overlooked the Chrysler Building,

00:14:54.973 --> 00:14:57.138
so that was a fun experience.

00:14:57.138 --> 00:15:00.957
(Laughter)

00:15:00.957 --> 00:15:04.236
Then after that I started having some really 
strange visitors show up to my house.

00:15:04.236 --> 00:15:09.075
(Laughter)

00:15:09.075 --> 00:15:12.642
I had Morley Safer show up, 
and he's from CBS Sixty Minutes.

00:15:12.642 --> 00:15:15.704
Now, for those of you who can
really see this picture very well,

00:15:15.704 --> 00:15:17.750
you may notice that I am 
wearing the same sandals.

00:15:17.750 --> 00:15:21.412
(Laughter)

00:15:22.628 --> 00:15:26.511
Now, let's sort of recap
what we've done.

00:15:26.511 --> 00:15:28.073
Have Einstein, and Johnson, 


00:15:28.073 --> 00:15:30.261
and Newton, and everyone
I talked about,

00:15:30.261 --> 00:15:32.036
are they really geniuses?

00:15:32.036 --> 00:15:33.972
Is that really what has
made them so special?

00:15:33.972 --> 00:15:36.264
Is that really why they
did all their work?

00:15:36.264 --> 00:15:38.518
Absolutely not! They, no!

00:15:38.518 --> 00:15:41.020
That's not why!
(Laughter)

00:15:41.029 --> 00:15:44.986
OK, so, what happened was,
all they did was,

00:15:44.986 --> 00:15:46.525
they made the transition from learning, 


00:15:46.525 --> 00:15:48.819
to thinking; to creating,

00:15:48.819 --> 00:15:53.743
which by now the media has 
translated into, you know, genius.

00:15:53.743 --> 00:15:55.831
Now, I'm pretty sure they 
had relatively high IQs;

00:15:55.831 --> 00:15:58.257
but, as some of you may know,

00:15:58.257 --> 00:16:01.650
there are lots of people out there with high 
IQs who don't create this sort of thing,

00:16:01.650 --> 00:16:06.716
they usually just end up memorizing a
couple hundred thousand digits of Pi.

00:16:06.716 --> 00:16:10.304
So, first of all, my question to them is:
why not memorize a different number?

00:16:10.304 --> 00:16:11.897
Like, I mean, 
I am wearing Phi right now.

00:16:17.399 --> 00:16:18.700
So, in conclusion,

00:16:18.700 --> 00:16:20.068
I am not supposed to be here at all,

00:16:20.068 --> 00:16:21.862
you know, I was told that I wouldn't talk.


00:16:21.862 --> 00:16:24.516
There's probably some therapist watching
this who's freaking out right now.

00:16:24.516 --> 00:16:35.246
(Laughter) (Cheers)
(Applause)

00:16:35.246 --> 00:16:37.934
OK, I am not supposed to be talking, 
I am not supposed to be learning;

00:16:37.934 --> 00:16:41.506
but because I made that transition
from learning to thinking, to creating,

00:16:41.506 --> 00:16:42.920
I am here today;

00:16:42.920 --> 00:16:48.595
and I am talking to some four hundred 
to eight hundred people in New York.

00:16:48.595 --> 00:16:49.588
OK. 


00:16:49.588 --> 00:16:52.503
Now, what would I want you 
guys to get out of this speech?

00:16:52.503 --> 00:16:56.260
What I want you guys to do is, 
for the next 24 hours,

00:16:56.260 --> 00:16:59.347
I know you guys may have school
or what not, even though it's a Saturday;

00:16:59.347 --> 00:17:04.410
for the next 24 hours 
don't learn anything!

00:17:06.287 --> 00:17:09.686
You are not allowed to learn
anything for the next 24 hours.

00:17:09.686 --> 00:17:11.200
(Audience) Yes!

00:17:11.200 --> 00:17:13.987
(Laughter)

00:17:13.987 --> 00:17:16.705
However, what I'd like you to do is,

00:17:16.705 --> 00:17:18.324
I'd like you to go into some field,

00:17:18.324 --> 00:17:20.995
I mean, you all have some
passion, I don't know about it,

00:17:20.995 --> 00:17:23.404
I've been talking to
you for 11 minutes.

00:17:23.404 --> 00:17:25.617
I have no idea what you
guys are interested in.

00:17:25.617 --> 00:17:27.702
But, you guys have some
passion and all out there

00:17:27.702 --> 00:17:29.127
and you all know what it is.

00:17:29.127 --> 00:17:31.780
So, I want you to think about that field

00:17:31.780 --> 00:17:33.677
instead of learning in that field; 


00:17:33.677 --> 00:17:36.281
and instead of being a student of that field,

00:17:36.281 --> 00:17:38.816
be the field!

00:17:38.816 --> 00:17:40.278
Whether it's music or architecture,

00:17:40.278 --> 00:17:42.097
or science or whatever; 


00:17:42.097 --> 00:17:44.935
and I want you to think about that field

00:17:44.935 --> 00:17:48.436
and, who knows, 
maybe you can create something.

00:17:48.436 --> 00:17:49.783
Thank you very much.
I'm Jacob Barnett.

00:17:49.783 --> 00:17:57.186
(Cheers) (Applause)