[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.00,0:00:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I learned about the Haiti earthquake by Skype.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.00,0:00:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My wife sent me a message,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.00,0:00:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Whoa, earthquake,"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.00,0:00:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then disappeared for 25 minutes.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.00,0:00:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was 25 minutes of absolute terror
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.00,0:00:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that thousands of people across the U.S. felt.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.00,0:00:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was afraid of a tsunami;
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.00,0:00:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what I didn't realize
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.00,0:00:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was there was a greater terror in Haiti,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.00,0:00:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that was building collapse.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.00,0:00:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've all seen the photos
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.00,0:00:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the collapsed buildings in Haiti.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.00,0:00:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are shots my wife took
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.00,0:00:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a couple days after the quake,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.00,0:00:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while I was making my way through the D.R. into the country.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.00,0:00:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the national palace --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.00,0:00:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the equivalent of the White House.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.00,0:00:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the largest supermarket in the Caribbean
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.00,0:00:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at peak shopping time.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.00,0:01:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a nurses' college --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.00,0:01:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are 300 nurses studying.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.00,0:01:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The general hospital right next door
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.00,0:01:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,emerged largely unscathed.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.00,0:01:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the Ministry of Economics and Finance.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.00,0:01:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have all heard
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.00,0:01:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the tremendous human loss
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.00,0:01:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the earthquake in Haiti,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.00,0:01:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we haven't heard enough
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.00,0:01:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about why all those lives were lost.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.00,0:01:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We haven't heard about
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.00,0:01:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why the buildings failed.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.00,0:01:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After all, it was the buildings,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.00,0:01:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not the earthquake,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.00,0:01:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that killed 220,000 people,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.00,0:01:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that injured 330,000,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.00,0:01:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that displaced 1.3 million people,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.00,0:01:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that cut off food
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.00,0:01:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and water and supplies
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.00,0:01:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for an entire nation.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.00,0:02:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the largest metropolitan-area disaster
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.00,0:02:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in decades,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.00,0:02:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was not a natural disaster --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.00,0:02:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was a disaster of engineering.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.00,0:02:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AIDG has worked in Haiti
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.00,0:02:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since 2007,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.00,0:02:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,providing engineering and business support
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.00,0:02:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to small businesses.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.00,0:02:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And after the quake, we started bringing in earthquake engineers
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.00,0:02:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to figure out why the buildings collapsed,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.00,0:02:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to examine what was safe and what wasn't.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.00,0:02:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Working with MINUSTAH,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.00,0:02:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is the U.N. mission in Haiti,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.00,0:02:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the Ministry of Public Works,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.00,0:02:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with different NGOs,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.00,0:02:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we inspected over 1,500 buildings.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.00,0:02:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We inspected schools
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.00,0:02:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and private residencies.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.00,0:02:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We inspected medical centers
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.00,0:02:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and food warehouses.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.00,0:02:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We inspected government buildings.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.00,0:02:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the Ministry of Justice.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.00,0:02:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Behind that door
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.00,0:02:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the National Judicial Archives.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.00,0:02:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The fellow in the door, Andre Filitrault --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.00,0:03:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who's the director
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.00,0:03:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Center for Interdisciplinary Earthquake Engineering Research
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.00,0:03:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the University of Buffalo --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.00,0:03:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was examining it to see if it was safe
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.00,0:03:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to recover the archives.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.00,0:03:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Andre told me,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.00,0:03:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after seeing these buildings fail
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.00,0:03:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,again and again in the same way,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.00,0:03:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there is no new research here.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.00,0:03:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is nothing here that we don't know.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.00,0:03:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The failure points were the same:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.00,0:03:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,walls and slabs not tied properly into columns --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.00,0:03:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's a roof slab hanging off the building --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.00,0:03:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cantilevered structures,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.00,0:03:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or structures that were asymmetric,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.00,0:03:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that shook violently and came down,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.00,0:03:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,poor building materials,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.00,0:03:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not enough concrete,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.00,0:03:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not enough compression in the blocks,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.00,0:03:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rebar that was smooth,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.00,0:03:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rebar that was exposed to the weather and had rusted away.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.00,0:04:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now there's a solution
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.00,0:04:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to all these problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.00,0:04:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we know how to build properly.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.00,0:04:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The proof of this came in Chile,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.00,0:04:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,almost a month later,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.00,0:04:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when 8.8 magnitude earthquake
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.00,0:04:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hit Chile.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.00,0:04:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is 500 times
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.00,0:04:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the power of the 7.0
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.00,0:04:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that hit Port-au-Prince --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.00,0:04:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,500 times the power,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.00,0:04:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yet only under a thousand casualties.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.00,0:04:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Adjusted for population density,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.00,0:04:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is less than one percent
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.00,0:04:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the impact of the Haitian quake.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.00,0:04:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What was the difference
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.00,0:04:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between Chile and Haiti?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.00,0:04:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Seismic standards
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.00,0:04:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and confined masonry,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.00,0:04:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the building acts as a whole --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.00,0:04:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,walls and columns
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.00,0:04:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and roofs and slabs
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.00,0:04:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tied together to support each other --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.00,0:05:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of breaking off into separate members and failing.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.00,0:05:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you look at this building in Chile,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.00,0:05:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's ripped in half,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.00,0:05:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's not a pile of rubble.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.00,0:05:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chileans have been building with confined masonry
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.00,0:05:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for decades.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.00,0:05:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right now, AIDG is working with KPFF Consulting Engineers,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.00,0:05:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Architecture for Humanity,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.00,0:05:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to bring more confined masonry training
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.00,0:05:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into Haiti.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.00,0:05:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is Xantus Daniel;
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.00,0:05:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he's a mason,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.00,0:05:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just a general construction worker, not a foreman,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.00,0:05:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who took one of our trainings.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.00,0:05:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On his last job he was working with his boss,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.00,0:05:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they started pouring the columns wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.00,0:05:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He took his boss aside,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.00,0:05:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he showed him the materials on confined masonry.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.00,0:05:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He showed him, "You know, we don't have to do this wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.00,0:05:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It won't cost us any more
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.00,0:05:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to do it the right way."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.00,0:06:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they redid that building.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.00,0:06:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They tied the rebar right,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.00,0:06:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they poured the columns right,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.00,0:06:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that building will be safe.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.00,0:06:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And every building
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.00,0:06:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they build going forward
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.00,0:06:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will be safe.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.00,0:06:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To make sure these buildings are safe,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.00,0:06:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's not going to take policy --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.00,0:06:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's going to take reaching out
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.00,0:06:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the masons on the ground
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.00,0:06:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and helping them learn the proper techniques.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.00,0:06:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now there are many groups doing this.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.00,0:06:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the fellow in the vest there,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.00,0:06:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Craig Toten,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.00,0:06:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he has pushed forward
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.00,0:06:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get documentation out to all the groups that are doing this.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.00,0:06:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Through Haiti Rewired,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.00,0:06:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through Build Change, Architecture for Humanity,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.00,0:06:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AIDG,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.00,0:06:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is the possibility
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.00,0:06:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to reach out
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.00,0:06:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to 30,000 -- 40,000 masons
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.00,0:06:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,across the country
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.00,0:07:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and create a movement of proper building.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.00,0:07:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you reach out to the people on the ground
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.00,0:07:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this collaborative way
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.00,0:07:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's extremely affordable.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.00,0:07:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For the billions spent on reconstruction,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.00,0:07:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can train masons
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.00,0:07:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for dollars on every house
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.00,0:07:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they end up building over their lifetime.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.00,0:07:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ultimately, there are two ways
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.00,0:07:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you can rebuild Haiti;
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.00,0:07:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the way at the top
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.00,0:07:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the way that Haiti's been building for decades.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.00,0:07:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The way at the top
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.00,0:07:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a poorly constructed building
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.00,0:07:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that will fail.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.00,0:07:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The way at the bottom is a confined masonry building,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.00,0:07:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the walls are tied together,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.00,0:07:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the building is symmetric,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.00,0:07:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it will stand up to an earthquake.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.00,0:07:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For all the disaster,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.00,0:07:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is an opportunity here
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.00,0:07:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to build better houses
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.00,0:07:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the next generation,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.00,0:07:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that when the next earthquake hits,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.00,0:08:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is a disaster --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.00,0:08:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but not a tragedy.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.00,0:08:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)