WEBVTT

00:00:16.709 --> 00:00:19.627
Hi everyone. I'm so excited to be here.

00:00:20.542 --> 00:00:24.775
My name is Emilia Lahti
and I'm a researcher.

00:00:24.776 --> 00:00:27.056
Some really smart person once said

00:00:27.057 --> 00:00:30.637
that research is often,
in fact, me-search.

00:00:30.638 --> 00:00:32.682
We tend to get interested in things

00:00:32.683 --> 00:00:37.061
which are of some personal significance
to us, and I'm no exception.

00:00:37.062 --> 00:00:40.632
What I will share with you
today is a discovery

00:00:40.633 --> 00:00:44.980
that has impacted my life
and thinking in a really profound way,

00:00:44.981 --> 00:00:49.428
and it originates from a trauma
that I survived to, a few years ago.

00:00:50.313 --> 00:00:52.978
As a result of these experiences,

00:00:52.979 --> 00:00:55.320
I became very interested to understand

00:00:55.321 --> 00:00:59.382
how humans persevere
in the face of extreme adversity,

00:00:59.383 --> 00:01:01.125
and how do we keep on going

00:01:01.126 --> 00:01:04.319
when we feel that we've reached
the end of our capacities.

00:01:04.319 --> 00:01:08.116
I'm sure we can all think
of some people like that from our lives.

00:01:08.117 --> 00:01:11.630
Here's one person like that,
whose story I would like to briefly share.

00:01:11.631 --> 00:01:14.252
Her name is Kati Lepistö van der Hoeven,

00:01:14.256 --> 00:01:17.278
and she may look like
a completely ordinary woman to you

00:01:17.279 --> 00:01:18.846
- well, excluding the fact

00:01:18.847 --> 00:01:23.163
that she looks like some ethereal goddess
of Lapland in this photo -

00:01:23.167 --> 00:01:28.876
but, the truth be told, Kati's life
is a beautiful ode to human resilience.

00:01:28.879 --> 00:01:32.973
20 years ago, she experienced
a massive brain stroke,

00:01:32.974 --> 00:01:36.096
which left her locked
inside her physical body.

00:01:36.097 --> 00:01:38.582
Today Kati is able to communicate

00:01:38.583 --> 00:01:43.192
through using eye movements
and an alphabetical board.

00:01:43.193 --> 00:01:49.079
For Kati, everyday of her life
is a beautiful example

00:01:49.080 --> 00:01:52.323
of how humans push through adversities,

00:01:52.324 --> 00:01:55.479
and an example of how
you have to imagine realities

00:01:55.480 --> 00:01:58.946
beyond the current reality that you see.

00:02:01.959 --> 00:02:05.668
I'm so happy to share Kati's story
because it's a beautiful Segway

00:02:05.672 --> 00:02:08.134
to what I will share with you next.

00:02:08.136 --> 00:02:11.124
To be her requires something
more than just resilience,

00:02:11.125 --> 00:02:13.425
which means to bounce back
from adversities,

00:02:13.426 --> 00:02:17.345
or perseverance, which means
to strive for a long term goal.

00:02:17.346 --> 00:02:19.625
To be Kati requires something

00:02:19.626 --> 00:02:23.626
that we have in Finland
for centuries, known as "sisu."

00:02:24.745 --> 00:02:26.267
"Sisu" is something

00:02:26.268 --> 00:02:31.060
that we pretty much learn
before we learn to talk or walk.

00:02:31.061 --> 00:02:37.024
"Sisu" means to be able to strive
over extraordinary difficulties,

00:02:37.025 --> 00:02:41.608
and it means to be able to have
extraordinary determination and courage

00:02:41.609 --> 00:02:44.076
in the face of extreme adversity.

00:02:44.077 --> 00:02:47.156
It means you don't see a silver lining,

00:02:47.157 --> 00:02:50.113
but you jump into the storm anyways.

00:02:50.114 --> 00:02:53.428
In the core of "sisu"
is this beautiful idea

00:02:53.429 --> 00:02:55.245
that there is much more to us

00:02:55.246 --> 00:02:58.957
than what meets the eye
at a given moment.

00:02:58.958 --> 00:03:01.261
The thing here is
that even though "sisu"

00:03:01.262 --> 00:03:04.217
is so deeply integrated
into Finnish culture,

00:03:04.218 --> 00:03:06.445
it's something that bears
significance to you

00:03:06.446 --> 00:03:09.104
if you are a human living
anywhere in the world.

00:03:09.105 --> 00:03:10.918
We all face adversities,

00:03:10.919 --> 00:03:14.354
and we all have to strive
through them somehow.

00:03:14.355 --> 00:03:16.228
"Sisu" is really embodied

00:03:16.229 --> 00:03:20.793
by those who hold on to hope
anywhere in the world.

00:03:20.794 --> 00:03:23.951
That is something that is
one of my greatest passions

00:03:23.952 --> 00:03:26.125
to talk more about that.

00:03:26.126 --> 00:03:28.624
The thing with "sisu" is

00:03:28.625 --> 00:03:32.730
that it doesn't have
a direct translation in any language.

00:03:32.731 --> 00:03:38.130
So it's not merely the Finnish equivalent
for willpower or perseverance,

00:03:38.131 --> 00:03:40.154
but is something more than that.

00:03:40.155 --> 00:03:41.830
In the Finnish culture,

00:03:41.831 --> 00:03:46.326
"sisu" is often seen
as this mindset or a life philosophy.

00:03:46.327 --> 00:03:50.585
You can associate things
such as integrity and honesty to "sisu."

00:03:51.614 --> 00:03:56.101
We have some words which technically
could have become the word for "sisu,"

00:03:56.102 --> 00:04:01.959
and here is one which is
'periksi, ' 'anta, ' 'matto, '

00:04:01.959 --> 00:04:06.585
and there is more,
'periksiantamattomuus.'

00:04:06.598 --> 00:04:08.502
For someone who is not Finnish,

00:04:08.503 --> 00:04:11.118
it may take a little bit
of "sisu" to even say that.

00:04:13.168 --> 00:04:16.452
"Sisu" has been a big part
of our culture for a long time,

00:04:16.454 --> 00:04:21.805
and we haven't been able to necessarily
explain what it is in its core.

00:04:21.805 --> 00:04:24.538
I became interested in this.

00:04:24.539 --> 00:04:26.985
One thing that you will definitely find

00:04:26.986 --> 00:04:30.664
if you Google "sisu," is Finns
during the Winter war,

00:04:30.665 --> 00:04:33.763
and how we were against
this massive opponent,

00:04:33.764 --> 00:04:37.848
and we prevailed against
all possible expectations.

00:04:37.849 --> 00:04:41.672
This event raised "sisu"

00:04:41.673 --> 00:04:46.368
to this almost sacred status
in Finland for generations to come.

00:04:46.369 --> 00:04:50.098
The New York Times,
back in 1940 wrote:

00:04:50.099 --> 00:04:54.010
that "Sisu is the word
that describes Finland,"

00:04:54.011 --> 00:04:55.869
which is really powerful.

00:04:55.870 --> 00:04:57.217
But at the same time,

00:04:57.218 --> 00:05:00.753
even though "sisu" has been
such an integral part of our country,

00:05:00.754 --> 00:05:02.748
I wasn't able to find an answer

00:05:02.749 --> 00:05:07.238
to whether "sisu" is some kind
of a character trait, is it a tendency,

00:05:07.239 --> 00:05:09.066
is it just a myth,

00:05:09.067 --> 00:05:13.577
or maybe it's some genetic mutation
of people who have to endure

00:05:13.578 --> 00:05:16.144
almost a lifetime without sunlight?

00:05:16.145 --> 00:05:17.635
I don't know.

00:05:17.636 --> 00:05:19.166
I became interested,

00:05:19.167 --> 00:05:21.663
because some happenings in in our life

00:05:21.664 --> 00:05:24.395
always involve
a little bit of serendipity.

00:05:24.396 --> 00:05:27.901
In 2012, I happened to
meet this wonderful woman

00:05:27.918 --> 00:05:29.536
called Angela Duckworth,

00:05:29.537 --> 00:05:33.800
who's a research psychologist
at the University of Pennsylvania.

00:05:33.801 --> 00:05:38.020
I actually crashed Angela's course
one wintry February morning,

00:05:38.021 --> 00:05:40.960
where she was talking about
her research on grit,

00:05:40.961 --> 00:05:45.690
which stands for passion
and perseverance for a long term goal.

00:05:45.691 --> 00:05:47.761
I became interested in seeing

00:05:47.762 --> 00:05:53.089
whether "sisu" and grit somehow overlap,
or maybe we can learn something.

00:05:53.090 --> 00:05:57.517
I sent Angela an email
with one simple question asking,

00:05:57.518 --> 00:05:59.636
"Have you ever heard of "sisu"?"

00:05:59.637 --> 00:06:03.408
Angela being Angela,
of course she had heard of "sisu."

00:06:03.409 --> 00:06:06.440
She affirmed my intuition

00:06:06.441 --> 00:06:11.316
that "sisu" is something
worth examining at its own right.

00:06:12.736 --> 00:06:16.469
I think that was the first push
to start my own journey

00:06:16.470 --> 00:06:20.240
into the land of "sisu"
as a research subject.

00:06:20.241 --> 00:06:24.492
As a result of this, I started looking
into other kinds of ideas

00:06:24.493 --> 00:06:28.009
maybe little bit outside the usual scope.

00:06:28.010 --> 00:06:29.737
Then I ran into

00:06:29.738 --> 00:06:35.835
this 19th century philosopher
called William James,

00:06:35.836 --> 00:06:40.731
who was saying that we don't know
enough about the human spirit,

00:06:40.732 --> 00:06:44.954
and he was saying
that we would need to create something

00:06:44.955 --> 00:06:48.385
like a topography of human spirit
or human strength,

00:06:48.386 --> 00:06:52.457
which for someone unlike William,
who went to Harvard at the age of 12,

00:06:52.458 --> 00:06:54.521
so to put that in plain language:

00:06:54.522 --> 00:06:59.331
to get some kind of an understanding
of this map of how do we endure

00:06:59.332 --> 00:07:02.208
significant adversities in our lives.

00:07:02.209 --> 00:07:05.901
Because if we understand that
maybe we are better able to understand

00:07:05.902 --> 00:07:09.114
human life and maybe help each other.

00:07:09.124 --> 00:07:11.151
William James also said

00:07:11.152 --> 00:07:14.878
that we rarely run far enough,
or push ourselves enough,

00:07:14.879 --> 00:07:18.951
to realize that we have
what he called "a second wind."

00:07:18.952 --> 00:07:21.112
Like there is this extra power tank

00:07:21.113 --> 00:07:24.972
or something that gets ignited
when we run far enough,

00:07:24.973 --> 00:07:29.632
and it's something that only activates
when we really need it.

00:07:29.633 --> 00:07:34.242
This brought "sisu" to my mind
and I was really excited to see

00:07:34.243 --> 00:07:38.753
whether understanding
"sisu" a bit better could maybe add

00:07:38.754 --> 00:07:42.725
a little piece to this puzzle
of this beautiful human experience,

00:07:42.726 --> 00:07:45.363
and maybe we could learn
something through this.

00:07:46.923 --> 00:07:50.632
In 2012, I conducted a survey,

00:07:50.633 --> 00:07:54.702
and I wanted to understand
the deepest essence of "sisu"

00:07:54.703 --> 00:07:57.512
like what is it really all about.

00:07:57.513 --> 00:08:00.692
One of the main findings
about "sisu" was this idea

00:08:00.693 --> 00:08:05.980
that it is some kind
of a extraordinary ability for action

00:08:05.981 --> 00:08:07.918
when you feel that you've reached

00:08:07.919 --> 00:08:11.208
the end of your physical
or mental abilities.

00:08:11.209 --> 00:08:15.244
So it's more more about that
than maybe striving for a long-term goal.

00:08:15.245 --> 00:08:18.274
At the same time,
the thing that rose up was

00:08:18.275 --> 00:08:21.356
that "sisu" also seems
to render itself different

00:08:21.357 --> 00:08:25.472
from these other psychological
capacities that we have.

00:08:25.473 --> 00:08:30.449
For example, resilience refers
to the dynamic process

00:08:30.450 --> 00:08:34.032
of positive adaptation
to a difficult situation.

00:08:34.033 --> 00:08:37.594
In the core of resilience
is this idea to bounce back

00:08:37.595 --> 00:08:41.232
start anew, get your head back
above the surface.

00:08:41.234 --> 00:08:44.207
I was thinking that "sisu" is more like

00:08:44.207 --> 00:08:47.124
something that acts as a pathway to this.

00:08:47.125 --> 00:08:49.686
Before you get head back
above the surface,

00:08:49.687 --> 00:08:52.275
you need to sometimes fight

00:08:52.276 --> 00:08:55.644
some really strong
undercurrents to get there,

00:08:55.645 --> 00:08:58.624
and "sisu" is something
that helps us fight first,

00:08:58.625 --> 00:09:01.898
and then we can continue
from where we left it.

00:09:01.899 --> 00:09:05.394
Perseverance is striving for
a long-term goal and not giving up

00:09:05.395 --> 00:09:07.543
even though you have
obstacles along the way,

00:09:07.544 --> 00:09:09.832
so you have your eyes fixed
on something.

00:09:09.833 --> 00:09:13.768
Grit that Angela researches
is perseverance

00:09:13.769 --> 00:09:17.444
infused with zest and passion.

00:09:17.445 --> 00:09:21.396
With "sisu" it's not
so much about passion.

00:09:21.397 --> 00:09:25.043
"Sisu" is really about
when you are in that place

00:09:25.044 --> 00:09:28.167
where you feel
that there is nowhere to go,

00:09:28.168 --> 00:09:31.814
when you've reached the end
of every possible single capacity,

00:09:31.815 --> 00:09:33.721
or you might be at the wrong place.

00:09:33.722 --> 00:09:38.338
You're too short, too slow, something,

00:09:38.339 --> 00:09:41.065
and even people around you are saying

00:09:41.066 --> 00:09:44.124
you shouldn't go there;
you are not up for it.

00:09:44.125 --> 00:09:49.374
"Sisu" is that something
that pushes us beyond the boundaries.

00:09:50.754 --> 00:09:52.324
In short, you could say

00:09:52.325 --> 00:09:57.161
that "sisu" is more about
the short term intensity in that moment,

00:09:57.162 --> 00:10:00.848
and not so much about
the long-term stamina;

00:10:00.849 --> 00:10:04.089
This is this a very important distinction.

00:10:06.561 --> 00:10:09.214
At the same time
when it's this power capacity,

00:10:09.215 --> 00:10:14.331
it also seems to give rise to
what I call 'an action mindset.'

00:10:14.332 --> 00:10:21.584
An action mindset is this consistent,
courageous approach toward challenges.

00:10:21.585 --> 00:10:25.167
It's so beautiful to think
that if this represents

00:10:25.168 --> 00:10:29.800
your opportunities and the limitations
of the current moment,

00:10:29.801 --> 00:10:35.192
there is something that evokes
this vision of you in the future

00:10:35.193 --> 00:10:39.498
where you might be able to go
if you dare to reach.

00:10:39.499 --> 00:10:43.532
There is something
that elicits hope in "sisu"

00:10:43.533 --> 00:10:48.142
what is one of the most exciting things
to me about this construct, honestly.

00:10:48.143 --> 00:10:51.627
But at the same time,
as you can see from my slide,

00:10:51.628 --> 00:10:54.241
it's kind of scattered around.

00:10:54.242 --> 00:10:57.261
I was trying to find a way
to describe "sisu" in a way

00:10:57.262 --> 00:11:00.124
that would pull everything together

00:11:00.125 --> 00:11:06.001
because it seems to be so multilayered
and so nuanced, and so extraordinary.

00:11:06.015 --> 00:11:09.518
One evening when I was watching Cosmos,

00:11:09.519 --> 00:11:12.612
I started thinking that maybe,

00:11:12.613 --> 00:11:17.179
the solution to this is
right in front of my eyes.

00:11:18.599 --> 00:11:20.875
I thought of the carbon atom

00:11:20.876 --> 00:11:25.210
and how carbon is this unique,
otherworldly amazing atom

00:11:25.225 --> 00:11:28.001
because it's the only thing
that's able to bond

00:11:28.002 --> 00:11:32.907
with up to four atoms
at the same time and with itself.

00:11:32.908 --> 00:11:37.136
In that way, it creates a system

00:11:37.137 --> 00:11:41.040
which enables
the bigger entity to function.

00:11:41.041 --> 00:11:45.583
If you look at this molecular diagram
you can see that maybe,

00:11:45.584 --> 00:11:51.290
"sisu" is like the carbon atom
would be in this diagram.

00:11:51.291 --> 00:11:57.389
Something that is this life-enabling agent
or creative power.

00:11:57.390 --> 00:12:02.910
Something that helps build a bridge
between this moment and the next one.

00:12:04.494 --> 00:12:08.341
I think that's one of the core ideas,

00:12:08.342 --> 00:12:12.481
and why I feel like "sisu"
could be something that could help us

00:12:12.482 --> 00:12:15.599
see we could use that
in the future to empower people.

00:12:16.718 --> 00:12:19.717
The thing is "sisu" is nothing new to you

00:12:19.718 --> 00:12:22.551
if you've encountered
adversities in your life.

00:12:22.552 --> 00:12:25.937
It's just that you might have not
had a word for it.

00:12:28.634 --> 00:12:34.251
We could say that future is first an idea,
or it's a story that we tell each other,

00:12:34.252 --> 00:12:38.509
so as long as we don't have a word
for some phenomena or a construct,

00:12:38.510 --> 00:12:42.994
we sometimes fail to tap
into its potential that it withholds.

00:12:42.995 --> 00:12:46.014
We are a sense-making species,

00:12:48.034 --> 00:12:52.777
we try to understand the events
in our lives through these constructs,

00:12:52.778 --> 00:12:56.065
and we pass on knowledge
through using the stories;

00:12:56.066 --> 00:13:00.418
and we also learn
and find meaning in our lives

00:13:00.419 --> 00:13:02.916
through reflecting on these stories.

00:13:05.857 --> 00:13:11.236
I found "sisu" through
this similar self-reflective process,

00:13:11.237 --> 00:13:14.999
I found "sisu" through my struggle.

00:13:15.000 --> 00:13:20.449
What I am doing today...
All began as this one woman's quest

00:13:20.450 --> 00:13:23.927
to make some sense of what had happened

00:13:23.928 --> 00:13:27.396
and how she somehow survived.

00:13:29.607 --> 00:13:31.337
After a while I realized

00:13:32.937 --> 00:13:37.219
that whatever I was doing
in trying to figure my own shit out,

00:13:37.220 --> 00:13:40.517
was actually helping
other people as well.

00:13:40.518 --> 00:13:42.929
That was a wonderful discovery,

00:13:42.930 --> 00:13:46.869
how you can see people come together
when we inspire each other,

00:13:46.870 --> 00:13:49.650
because we are all in this together.

00:13:49.651 --> 00:13:54.085
As a result of that, I quit my job
- which I had for a very long time -

00:13:54.086 --> 00:13:56.391
and I went back to school
and study psychology,

00:13:56.392 --> 00:13:58.726
which always was my first love.

00:14:00.026 --> 00:14:03.219
I wanted to see what
we could possibly do with this thing.

00:14:03.220 --> 00:14:06.939
Today, this "sisu"
and the topics around it

00:14:06.940 --> 00:14:09.660
is really the reason
why I wake up each morning.

00:14:12.250 --> 00:14:15.542
With my amazing team
at Filosofian Akatemia,

00:14:15.560 --> 00:14:20.100
we are really excited
to bring "sisu" to the world

00:14:20.101 --> 00:14:23.874
because there is so much
amazing potential in it.

00:14:23.875 --> 00:14:28.312
Next year will be
'the Year of Sisu' globally,

00:14:28.313 --> 00:14:32.161
and February 28th
will be the 'Day of Sisu' in Finland,

00:14:32.162 --> 00:14:34.501
which actually is already
in our calendars;

00:14:34.502 --> 00:14:37.132
if you check you will find it.

00:14:37.133 --> 00:14:39.118
The reason why we are doing this is

00:14:39.119 --> 00:14:45.241
because we are share collectively
adversities, we all encounter them.

00:14:45.242 --> 00:14:51.225
What we also share is
this amazing ability to overcome them.

00:14:51.226 --> 00:14:54.143
That's in the core of this idea
of the 'Year of Sisu, '

00:14:54.144 --> 00:15:00.477
to inspire people to transform
those barriers into frontiers,

00:15:00.478 --> 00:15:05.838
and more importantly,
to support each other in this process,

00:15:05.839 --> 00:15:09.157
to see that the strength within them

00:15:09.158 --> 00:15:13.174
is stronger than the adversities
that we often encounter.

00:15:15.853 --> 00:15:18.383
Since "sisu" is such a powerful thing

00:15:18.384 --> 00:15:22.220
it's important to remind
that we shouldn't be fooled to think

00:15:22.221 --> 00:15:25.350
that it's the only thing
we need, and "sisu" alone.

00:15:25.351 --> 00:15:27.589
Just push hard; that's it.

00:15:29.252 --> 00:15:31.633
To answer the question what enabled me

00:15:31.634 --> 00:15:36.420
to go through my own experiences
was definitely yes, I had "sisu"!

00:15:36.421 --> 00:15:39.318
I kept on showing up for life,
and I didn't give up,

00:15:39.319 --> 00:15:42.540
although I felt like doing so many times.

00:15:43.967 --> 00:15:47.694
But there is one thing
which just cannot be left unsaid,

00:15:47.695 --> 00:15:51.118
and it's that I had someone

00:15:51.119 --> 00:15:54.853
who believed in me
before I believed in myself,

00:15:56.533 --> 00:16:01.626
and who saw this angel in that raw piece
of marble before I saw it,

00:16:01.627 --> 00:16:05.885
and who also stuck around
long enough to discover it.

00:16:07.685 --> 00:16:11.422
That person is my best friend
and now husband.

00:16:11.423 --> 00:16:16.582
We have an immense power
to open doors for each other

00:16:16.583 --> 00:16:18.764
and also close them.

00:16:18.765 --> 00:16:23.709
Through our actions, through
our gestures, through our words.

00:16:25.305 --> 00:16:27.976
I believe that when "sisu,"

00:16:27.977 --> 00:16:31.991
this inner amazing,
beautiful power that we have,

00:16:31.992 --> 00:16:36.634
when that is met with social support,
compassion, and love,

00:16:36.635 --> 00:16:41.430
there are very few things
that are impossible to us.

00:16:42.620 --> 00:16:45.743
This sculpture here is
one of my favorite ones.

00:16:45.744 --> 00:16:50.684
It was created to celebrate
triumph over a massive sea battle.

00:16:50.685 --> 00:16:55.005
It depicts the goddess Nike,
"Nike" meaning victory.

00:16:55.006 --> 00:16:58.798
She is over 2,5 meters tall
and 2,000 years old.

00:17:00.388 --> 00:17:03.893
One of the most beautiful,
moving things about this sculpture for me,

00:17:03.894 --> 00:17:05.747
and why it is my favorite,

00:17:05.748 --> 00:17:10.820
is that, despite this significant damage
and incompleteness

00:17:12.161 --> 00:17:17.219
this sculpture is one of the most
celebrated and valued masterpieces

00:17:17.220 --> 00:17:19.688
of our human history.

00:17:19.689 --> 00:17:20.991
And I believe

00:17:23.241 --> 00:17:26.464
that's something that we can transport
to our daily lives.

00:17:26.465 --> 00:17:28.922
How, if we see each other,

00:17:28.923 --> 00:17:33.152
despite some imperfections, some bumps,

00:17:33.153 --> 00:17:36.084
but with that potential and beauty,

00:17:36.085 --> 00:17:38.434
maybe we can help create a world

00:17:38.435 --> 00:17:43.414
where we are able to heal,
and flourish, and exceed ourselves.

00:17:46.486 --> 00:17:50.586
I strongly believe that there is so much
more to us than what meets the eye,

00:17:50.587 --> 00:17:53.217
and I'm not just talking
about carbon atoms,

00:17:53.218 --> 00:17:59.086
but I'm talking about this other kind
of life-giving ingredient called "sisu."

00:18:00.456 --> 00:18:04.617
I believe that if we acknowledge
and we celebrate

00:18:04.618 --> 00:18:07.574
this amazing potential within all of us,

00:18:07.575 --> 00:18:09.612
this universal potential

00:18:09.613 --> 00:18:14.076
which goes beyond cultural boundaries
and geographical boundaries,

00:18:14.077 --> 00:18:19.258
if we include "sisu" in our collective
conversation of our future,

00:18:19.259 --> 00:18:24.938
maybe, not only are we able
to empower individuals here and there

00:18:24.939 --> 00:18:30.774
but perhaps, we are able to bring
this human family a bit closer together.

00:18:32.164 --> 00:18:35.268
That, I believe, is an idea worth sharing.

00:18:35.269 --> 00:18:36.924
Thank you.

00:18:36.925 --> 00:18:38.455
(Applause)