[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm a lexicographer.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I make dictionaries.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And my job as a lexicographer
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to try to put all the words\Npossible into the dictionary.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My job is not to decide what a\Nword is, that is your job.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everybody who speaks english
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,decides together what's a word\Nand what's not a word.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every language is just a group of people\Nwho agree to understand each other.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now sometimes when people\Nare trying to decide
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if a word is good\Nor bad,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they don't really\Nhave a good reason.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They say something like,\N"Because...grammar!"
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter).
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I don't actually care \Nabout grammar too much.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't tell anyone
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the word grammar--
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually, there are two \Nkinds of grammar.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's the kind of grammar that kind \Nof lives inside your brain.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you're a native speaker of a language or \Na good speaker of a language,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's the unconscious rules that you follow\Nwhen you speak that language.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is what you learn when\Nyou learn language as a child.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's an example:
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is a Wug.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right, it's a Wug.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now there is another one.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are two of these.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are two...
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(audience): Wugs.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Exactly! You know how to\Nmake the plural of Wug.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That rule lives\Nin your brain.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You never had to be \Ntaught this rule
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You just understand it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a experiment \Nthat was invented
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by a professor at Boston College\Nnamed Jean Berko Gleason
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,back in 1958.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we've been talking \Nabout this for a long time
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now these kinds of natural\Nrules that exist in your brain.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Theres aren't like traffic laws,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there more like laws of nature.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And nobody has to\Nremind you to obey \N
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a law of nature, right?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you leave the \Nhouse in the morning,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your mom doesn't say,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Hey honey, it's going to be cold.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take a hoodie, don't forget\Nto obey the law of gravity!"
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nobody says this.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter).
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now there are other rules
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are more about manners \Nthan they are about nature.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you can think of like\Na word like a hat.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once you know how hats work
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nobody has to tell you, \N"Don't wear hats on your feet."
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What they have to tell you is, \N"can you wear hats inside?\N
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who gets to wear a hat?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what are the kinds of \Nhats you get to wear?"
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those are more of the \Nsecond kind of grammar
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that linguists often call usage\Nas opposed to grammar.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, sometimes people use\Nthis kind of rules-based grammar
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to discourage people from\Nmaking up words.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think that is, well, stupid.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, for example, people\Nare always telling you,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Be creative, make music\Ndo art, invent things,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,science and technology."
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when it comes to words,\Nthey're like,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Don't! No. Creativity stops right here,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whipper-snappers. Give it a rest."
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter).
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that makes no sense to me.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Words are great.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We should have more of them.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want you to make as many \Nnew words as possible
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm going to tell you six ways
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you can use to make new words.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first way is the simplest way:
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,basically, steal them from\Nother languages.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter).
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Linguists call this borrowing,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we never give the words back
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I'm just going to be honest\Nand call it stealing.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We usually take words\Nfor things that we like,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like delicious food.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We took "cumquat" from Chinese.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We took "caramel" from French.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We also take words for cool things,\Nlike "ninja", right?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We took that from Japanese,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is kind of a cool trick cause\Nninjas are hard to steal from.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter).
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So another way that \Nyou can make
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,words in English is by squishing\Ntwo other English words together.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's called compounding.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Words in English are like legos,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you use enough force,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can put any two \Nof them together.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We do this all the time in English:
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,words like "heartbroken", \N"bookworm", "sandcastle"
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,-- all are compounds.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So go ahead and \Nmake words
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like "duckface", just \Ndon't make duckface.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter).
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another way you can \Nmake words in English
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is kind of like compounding,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but instead you use so much force
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you squish the words together\Nthat some parts fall off.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So these are blend words, \N
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like "Brunch" is a blend of\N"breakfast and lunch".
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Motel" is a blend of \N"motor" and "hotel".
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who here knew that "motel"\Nwas a blend word?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah, that word is like so old\Nin English that lots of people
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't know that there\Nare parts missing.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Edutainment" is a blend word\Nof "education" and "entertainment".
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course "electrocute" is a\Nblend of "electric" and "execute".
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can also make words by \Nchanging how they operate.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is called functional shift.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You take one word that act\Nas one part of speech
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you change it into\Nanother part of speech.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, who here knew that "friend"\N
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hasn't always been a verb?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Friend" used to be noun\Nand then we verbed it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Almost any word in \NEnglish can be verbed.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can also take adjectives\Nand make them into nouns.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Commercial" use to be an adjective\Nadjective and now it's a noun.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course, you can \N"green" things.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another way to make words\Nin English is back-formation.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can take a word and squish\Nit down a little bit.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So for example, we had the word\N"editor" before we had the word "edit".
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Edit" was formed from "editor".
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes back-formations \Nsound a little silly:
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bulldozers bulldoze,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,butlers butle
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and burglers burgle
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter).
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another way to make \Nwords in English
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to take the first letters \Nof something
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and squish them together.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So National Aeronautics \Nand Space Administration
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,becomes NASA.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course you can do this\Nwith anything--OMG!
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it doesn't matter how \Nsilly the words are.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can be really good \Nwords of English.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Absquatulate" is a perfectly\Ngood word of English
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Mugwump" is a perfectly\Ngood word of English.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Words don't have \Nto sound normal.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can sound really silly.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why should you \Nmake words?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You should make words \Nbecause every word
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a chance to express your idea
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and get your meaning across.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And new words grab\Npeople's attention.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They get people to focus\Non what you're saying
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that gives you a better chance \Nto get your meaning across.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lot of people on the \Nstage have said, \N
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"In the future, you can do this,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can help with this,\Nyou can help us explore,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can help us invent."
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can make a new word now.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,English has no age limit.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Go ahead, start making\Nwords today.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Send them to me,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'll put them in my online\Ndictionary word-bank.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you so much
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause).