[Script Info] Title: [Events] Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.04,0:00:04.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm here to offer you\Na new way to think about my field, Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.94,0:00:06.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,artificial intelligence. Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.73,0:00:08.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think the purpose of AI Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.75,0:00:13.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to empower humans\Nwith machine intelligence, Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.29,0:00:15.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as machines get smarter, Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.76,0:00:18.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we get smarter. Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.49,0:00:20.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I call this humanistic AI: Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.66,0:00:24.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,artificial intelligence designed\Nto meet human needs Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.35,0:00:28.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by collaborating and augmenting people. Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.42,0:00:30.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now today I'm happy to see Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.08,0:00:32.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the idea that intelligent assistant Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.16,0:00:33.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is mainstream. Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.92,0:00:39.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the well-accepted metaphor\Nfor the interface between humans and AI. Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.70,0:00:43.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the one\NI helped create is called Siri. Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.25,0:00:44.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now you know Siri. Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.45,0:00:47.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Siri is the thing that knows your intent Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.21,0:00:49.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and helps you do it for you, Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.27,0:00:50.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,helps you get things done, Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.59,0:00:53.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what you might not know\Nis that we designed Siri Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.28,0:00:55.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as humanistic AI, Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.86,0:00:58.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to augment people\Nwith a conversational interface Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.62,0:01:01.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that made it possible for them\Nto use mobile computing, Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.92,0:01:06.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,regardless of who they were\Nand their abilities. Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.98,0:01:08.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now for most of us, Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.58,0:01:11.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the impact of this technology Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.38,0:01:14.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to make things a little bit\Neasier to use, Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.08,0:01:17.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but for my friend Daniel, Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.46,0:01:21.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the impact of the AI\Nin these systems is a life-changer. Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.22,0:01:26.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see, Daniel is a really social guy, Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.16,0:01:28.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he's blind and quadriplegic Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.85,0:01:31.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which makes it hard to use those devices Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.15,0:01:32.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we all take for granted. Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.68,0:01:34.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The last time I was at his house,\Nhis brother said, Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.18,0:01:36.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Hang on a second, Daniel's not ready. Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.21,0:01:39.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's on the phone with a woman\Nhe met online." Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.84,0:01:42.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm like, "That's cool, how'd he do it?" Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.16,0:01:46.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, Daniel uses Siri\Nto manage his own social life, Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.58,0:01:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,his email, text, and phone, Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.00,0:01:52.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without depending on his caregivers. Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.64,0:01:55.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is kind of interesting, right? Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.12,0:01:55.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The irony here is great. Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.83,0:01:58.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's the man whose relationship with AI Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.74,0:02:02.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,helps him have relationships\Nwith genuine human beings. Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.96,0:02:07.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is humanistic AI. Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.27,0:02:09.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another example with\Nlife-changing consequences Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.91,0:02:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is diagnosing cancer. Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.00,0:02:15.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When a doctor suspects cancer, Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.57,0:02:17.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they take a sample,\Nsend it to a pathologist Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.82,0:02:19.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who looks at it under a microscope. Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.66,0:02:22.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, pathologists look at\Nhundreds of slides Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.63,0:02:25.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and millions of cells every day, Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.69,0:02:27.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so to support this task, Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.10,0:02:31.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some researchers made an AI classifier. Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.69,0:02:35.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now the classifier says,\N"Is this cancer or is this not cancer?" Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.81,0:02:38.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looking at the picture. Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.06,0:02:40.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The classifier was pretty good, Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.41,0:02:43.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but not as good as the person, Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.78,0:02:46.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who got it right most of the time. Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.28,0:02:49.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when they combine the ability Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.07,0:02:50.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the machine and the human together, Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.99,0:02:57.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,accuracy went to 99.5 percent. Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.01,0:03:00.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Adding that AI to a partnership Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.39,0:03:03.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eliminated 85 percent of the errors\Nthat the human pathologist Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.91,0:03:06.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would have made working alone. Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.90,0:03:08.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a lot of cancer Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.06,0:03:10.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would have otherwise gone untreated. Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.83,0:03:12.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, for the curious, it turns out that\Nthe human is better at Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.40,0:03:16.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rejecting false positives Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.63,0:03:20.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the machine was better at recognizing\Nthose hard-to-spot cases, Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.34,0:03:23.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the lesson here isn't about\Nwhich agent is better Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.11,0:03:25.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at this image classification task. Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.69,0:03:27.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those things are changing every day. Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.84,0:03:29.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The lesson here Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.34,0:03:32.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that by combining the abilities\Nof the human and machine, Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.73,0:03:34.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it created a partnership Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.81,0:03:38.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that had superhuman performance. Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.40,0:03:42.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that is humanistic AI. Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.83,0:03:44.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now let's look at another example Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.84,0:03:47.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with turbocharging performance. Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.24,0:03:48.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is design. Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.88,0:03:51.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, let's say you're an engineer. Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.29,0:03:53.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You want to design\Na new frame for a drum. Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.01,0:03:54.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You get out your favorite software tools, Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.92,0:03:56.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cad tools, Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.11,0:04:00.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you enter the form and the materials\Nand then you analyze performance. Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.34,0:04:02.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That gives you one design. Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.41,0:04:04.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you give those same tools to an AI, Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.41,0:04:06.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it can generate thousands of designs. Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.32,0:04:12.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This video by Autodesk is amazing. Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.31,0:04:14.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is real stuff. Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.33,0:04:17.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So now this transforms how we do design. Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.19,0:04:18.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The human engineer now Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.77,0:04:21.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,says what the machine,\Nwhat the design should achieve, Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.98,0:04:25.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the machine says,\Nhere's the possibilities. Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.23,0:04:29.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now in her job now, the engineer's job Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.01,0:04:31.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to pick the one that best meets\Nthe goals of the design, Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.85,0:04:34.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which she knows as a human Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.23,0:04:35.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,better than anyone else, Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.59,0:04:37.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using human judgment and expertise. Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.56,0:04:38.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this case, the winning form Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.94,0:04:41.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looks kind of like something\Nnature would have designed, Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.75,0:04:44.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,minus a few million years of evolution Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.11,0:04:48.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all that unnecessary fur. Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.05,0:04:51.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now let's see where this idea Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.99,0:04:53.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of humanistic AI might lead us Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.37,0:04:56.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we follow it into\Nthe speculative beyond. Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.61,0:04:59.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's a kind of augmentation\Nthat we would all like to have? Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.70,0:05:03.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, how about cognitive enhancement? Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.08,0:05:05.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead of asking Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.33,0:05:07.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how smart can we make our machines, Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.71,0:05:09.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let's ask how smart Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.30,0:05:12.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can our machines make us? Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.88,0:05:15.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, take memory for example. Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.83,0:05:19.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Memory is the foundation\Nof human intelligence, Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.20,0:05:23.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but human memory is famously flawed. Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.73,0:05:25.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're great at telling stories, Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.83,0:05:28.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but not getting the details right, Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.09,0:05:31.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and our memories, they decay over time. Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.08,0:05:35.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, like, where did the '60s go,\Nand can I go there too? Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.57,0:05:39.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what if you could have a memory Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.13,0:05:41.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was as good as computer memory, Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.67,0:05:45.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and was about your life? Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.96,0:05:48.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if you could remember\Nevery person you ever met, Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.77,0:05:50.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how to pronounce their name, Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.50,0:05:52.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their family details,\Ntheir favorite sports, Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.61,0:05:54.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the last conversation you had with them? Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.64,0:05:57.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you had this memory all your life, Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.31,0:06:00.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you could have the AI look\Nat all the interactions Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.63,0:06:02.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you had with people over time Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.11,0:06:03.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and help you reflect Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.73,0:06:06.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the long arc of your relationships. Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.82,0:06:09.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if you could have the AI read Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.70,0:06:11.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everything you've ever read Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.80,0:06:15.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and listen to every song\Nyou've ever heard? Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.34,0:06:17.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From the tiniest clue,\Nit could help you retrieve Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.94,0:06:22.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anything you've ever seen or heard before. Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.16,0:06:24.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine what that would do\Nfor the ability to make new connections Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.57,0:06:27.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and form new ideas. Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.06,0:06:30.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what about our bodies? Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.01,0:06:34.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if we could remember the consequences\Nof every food we eat, Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.22,0:06:36.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every pill we take, Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.68,0:06:39.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every all-nighter we pull? Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.16,0:06:41.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We could do our own science\Non our own data Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.89,0:06:44.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about what makes us feel good Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.05,0:06:45.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and stay healthy, Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.77,0:06:48.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and imagine how this could revolutionize Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.17,0:06:53.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the way we manage\Nallergies and chronic disease. Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.08,0:06:55.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I believe that AI will make Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.91,0:06:59.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,personal memory enhancement a reality. Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.28,0:07:02.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can't say when or what\Nform factors are involved, Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.35,0:07:04.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I think it's inevitable Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.80,0:07:09.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the very things Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.31,0:07:11.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that make AI successful today, Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.10,0:07:13.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the availability of comprehensive data Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.48,0:07:17.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the ability for machines\Nto make sense of that data Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.05,0:07:20.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can be applied to the data of our lives, Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.66,0:07:22.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and those data are here today, Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.79,0:07:24.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,available for all of us because we lead Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.48,0:07:28.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,digitally mediated lives, Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.82,0:07:32.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in mobile and online. Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.11,0:07:34.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In my view, a personal memory\Nis a private memory. Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.76,0:07:40.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We get to choose what is and is not\Nrecalled and retained. Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.30,0:07:42.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's absolutely essential Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.03,0:07:45.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that this be kept very secure. Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.48,0:07:47.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now for most of us, Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.20,0:07:49.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the impact of augmented personal memory Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.85,0:07:52.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will be a more improved mental gain, Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.68,0:07:56.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe, hopefully, a bit more social grace. Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.66,0:07:58.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But for the millions who suffer Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.92,0:08:02.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from Alzheimer's and dementia, Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.19,0:08:05.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the difference that augmented\Nmemory could make Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.44,0:08:09.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a difference between a life of isolation Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.40,0:08:12.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a life of dignity and connection. Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.43,0:08:14.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are in the middle Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.16,0:08:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a renaissance Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.00,0:08:18.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in artificial intelligence right now. Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.82,0:08:20.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, in just the past few years Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.90,0:08:23.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're beginning to see\Nsolutions to AI problems Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.18,0:08:26.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we have struggled with Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.40,0:08:29.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,literally for decades: Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.37,0:08:32.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,speech understanding, text understanding, Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.11,0:08:34.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,image understanding. Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.33,0:08:39.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have a choice in how we use\Nthis powerful technology. Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.48,0:08:42.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can choose to use AI to automate Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.68,0:08:44.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and compete with us, Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.52,0:08:48.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or we can use AI to augment\Nand collaborate with us, Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.19,0:08:50.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to overcome our cognitive limitations Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.97,0:08:54.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to help us do what we want to do Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.87,0:08:56.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only better. Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.62,0:08:59.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as we discover new ways Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.73,0:09:03.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to give machines intelligence, Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.09,0:09:05.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can distribute that intelligence Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.96,0:09:08.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to all of the AI assistants in the world, Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.50,0:09:13.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and therefore to every person,\Nregardless of circumstance. Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.34,0:09:14.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that is why, Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.89,0:09:18.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every time a machine gets smarter, Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.81,0:09:21.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we get smarter. Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.14,0:09:24.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is an AI worth spreading. Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.100,0:09:26.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you. Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.86,0:09:33.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)