[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.05,0:00:09.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm confident that the Earth\Nrevolves around the Sun
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.50,0:00:11.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not the other way around.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.04,0:00:15.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who else in this room thinks the same way?\NLet's show a raise of hands.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.50,0:00:18.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, that's pretty much all of you.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.93,0:00:21.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am equally confident
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.61,0:00:24.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that keeping the human diet\Npractically void of animals
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.96,0:00:26.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the right thing to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.44,0:00:29.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was not always so, though.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.54,0:00:31.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just as there was a time
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.24,0:00:34.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when people tried to undermine\Nthe Sun-centered view of the solar system,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.83,0:00:38.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was a time when I\Ndidn't quite like vegetarians.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.52,0:00:42.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At best, I thought\Nvegetarians were tolerable,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.37,0:00:44.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and at worst, they were\Njust plain annoying.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.33,0:00:49.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it is strange that this\Nwas my impression of vegetarians
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.14,0:00:50.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since until recently,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.68,0:00:53.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have only known one person \Nwho was a vegetarian,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.72,0:00:57.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one person who decided not to eat animals.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.80,0:01:00.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And she was fun and not annoying at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.06,0:01:04.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I wondered why she was a vegetarian,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.55,0:01:07.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it turned out that in the country\Nwhere she is from,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.79,0:01:12.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,animals raised for food have to endure\Nhorrid conditions and suffering.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.49,0:01:16.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I kind of understood\Nwhy she was a vegetarian,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.85,0:01:18.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it felt strangely comforting
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.50,0:01:21.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I did not have to resort\Nto any such measures
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.50,0:01:25.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since where I come from,\Nanimals are treated nicely.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.94,0:01:28.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also, I had heard one time on the radio
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.21,0:01:31.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that domesticated animals\Ncould not survive without us,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.66,0:01:34.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just as we could not survive without them.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.12,0:01:36.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From that perspective,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.51,0:01:39.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the human-animal relationship\Nwas a win-win situation.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.96,0:01:44.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, since about five years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.53,0:01:47.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have reduced my amount\Nof animal intake to such an extent
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.31,0:01:50.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that today, it is practically zero.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.87,0:01:53.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, why would I do that?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.78,0:01:58.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, inspection shows that, frequently,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.03,0:02:02.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,animals raised for food have to endure \Nhorrid conditions and suffering,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.43,0:02:05.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not just in my friends country,\Nbut in every country across the globe.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.86,0:02:10.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there is more.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.13,0:02:13.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Raising animals for food\Nis destructive to the environment,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.63,0:02:15.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the leading cause of human death
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.84,0:02:21.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are diseases which are associated\Nwith a poor diet, rich in animal products.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.54,0:02:25.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the human-animal relationship\Nis not a win-win situation,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.05,0:02:29.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is a lose-lose-lose situation.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.23,0:02:31.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are losing,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.38,0:02:32.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the animals are losing,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.83,0:02:34.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the environment is losing.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.14,0:02:38.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are the three pillars\Nadvocating the shift
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.48,0:02:42.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from an animal-based diet\Ntowards a plant-based diet.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.58,0:02:45.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first pillar: human health.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.84,0:02:49.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Current research strongly suggests
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.23,0:02:52.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that if humans would shift \Ntowards a plant-based diet,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.23,0:02:53.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they would live longer,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.85,0:02:56.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and healthcare systems\Nacross the globe could be streamlined.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.66,0:03:02.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is related to reduction in deadly,\Ndifficult and expensive diseases,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.18,0:03:07.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as heart disease, diabetes\Nand certain forms of cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.61,0:03:12.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Given the likelihood of a better health \Non a plant-based diet,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.26,0:03:16.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is an option that people should be\Nencouraged to exercise more often.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.86,0:03:19.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Compared to eating animals,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.99,0:03:22.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eating plants is not only\Nmore likely to be more healthy,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.90,0:03:25.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it also has a much stronger\Nethical standpoint.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.14,0:03:29.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which brings us to\Nthe center pillar: the animals.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.97,0:03:33.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The vast majority \Nof animals raised for food
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.58,0:03:35.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reside on factory farms.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.52,0:03:40.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And every single year,\Nwe kill over 60 billion land animals.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.45,0:03:45.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Out of these 60 billion\Nland animals, 1.3 billion are pigs.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.06,0:03:50.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, to sustain the demand\Nfor pig-eating humans,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.53,0:03:52.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these killings need to be maintained.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.81,0:03:55.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to maintain these killings,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.09,0:03:57.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the first line of business\Nis to make sure that the pigs
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.93,0:04:01.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are giving birth to all the piglets\Nthat we kill every year.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.18,0:04:06.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, through the centuries, \Nfemale pigs, or sows,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.66,0:04:08.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have been bred and selected
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.69,0:04:12.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be able to give birth\Nto as many offspring possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.02,0:04:17.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And today, each sow gives birth\Nto 10-12 piglets, two times a year.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.02,0:04:22.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The days prior to giving birth\Nand during lactation,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.35,0:04:28.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the sow is kept in a metal enclosure,\Ncalled a gestation crate.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.46,0:04:31.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While in the gestation crate,\Nthe sow cannot move about,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.70,0:04:33.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not even turn around,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.19,0:04:36.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let alone make any meaningful\Ncontact with her piglets.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.23,0:04:41.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Soon after birth, the testicles\Nof male piglets are removed,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.19,0:04:46.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,allegedly to make their meat\Nsmell better when it is cooked.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.03,0:04:49.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to avoid biting and being bitten,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.72,0:04:54.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some piglets have their tail\Nand selected teeth removed as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.84,0:04:58.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With certainty, regardless\Nof the conditions until then,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.50,0:05:00.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when the piglets are\Naround three weeks old,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.67,0:05:04.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they are removed from the presence\Nof their mother, forever.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.85,0:05:08.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During the rest of their short lives,\Nthey are kept in crowded places
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.16,0:05:12.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be fed and to grow\Nwith thousands of their kin
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.88,0:05:15.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are all destined\Nfor the same senseless fate.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.53,0:05:22.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Meanwhile, their mother is being prepared \Nfor her next pregnancy session.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.60,0:05:25.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To keep the sows constantly pregnant,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.12,0:05:28.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they are impregnated through artificial \Ninsemination, performed by humans.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.23,0:05:34.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The pig semen is also collected\Nby human professional masturbators.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.70,0:05:40.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can lookup "Pig semen collection,"\Non YouTube, if you are interested.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.89,0:05:45.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, even though pigs give birth \Nto offspring all the time,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.68,0:05:47.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they never have sex.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.87,0:05:53.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I guess most of us appreciate\Nthat pigs are sentient beings,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.02,0:05:56.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can feel pleasure and pain,\Noften in similar ways that we humans do.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.52,0:06:00.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thus it seems inconsistent\Nthat losing an offspring,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.96,0:06:04.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is arguably the most painful\Nexperience that humans have to endure,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.28,0:06:10.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is an experience that we carelessly\Ninflict upon pigs, all the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.73,0:06:16.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most pigs never breathe fresh air\Nor walk under the bare blue sky,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.90,0:06:19.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the only time they\Nmight see a glimpse of the sun
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.46,0:06:23.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is when they are in a back of a truck\Nbeing transported for slaughter.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.09,0:06:28.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I have said here about pigs\Ncan without much difficulty
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.69,0:06:31.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be adapted to fit the lives\Nof other domesticated animals,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.95,0:06:34.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as chicken or cows.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.09,0:06:39.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The third pillar: the environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.88,0:06:42.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The staggering amount\Nof animals we raise for food
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.42,0:06:45.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is having some dire consequences \Nfor the environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.45,0:06:49.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Consequences that were perhaps \Nunforeseen at the time,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.66,0:06:53.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but have become so blatantly\Nobvious at the present.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.60,0:06:58.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To put things in context, let's go\Ntwelve thousand years back in time.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.92,0:07:03.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Twelve thousand years ago,\Nthere were no domesticated animals,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.76,0:07:06.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the combined weight \Nof all large land animals
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.89,0:07:11.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was around 300 million tons,\Nout of which humans represented 1%.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.10,0:07:16.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, the total combined weight\Nof all large land animals
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.68,0:07:19.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is almost 1500 million tons,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.85,0:07:22.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,five times the amount\Nit was twelve thousand years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.15,0:07:28.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Out of these 1500 million tons,\Nmore than 1100 are domesticated animals.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.22,0:07:31.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,More than 300 are humans,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.77,0:07:35.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and wild animals represent\Nonly around 30 million tons.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.41,0:07:40.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we used to be 1% out of 300 million,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.23,0:07:45.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but today, along with our domesticated \Nanimals, we are 98% out of 1500 million.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.75,0:07:50.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is a huge difference\Nin a very short time.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.77,0:07:54.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, with this picture in mind,\Nthree things emerge.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.63,0:08:01.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Number one: our domesticated\Nanimals eat a lot of food.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.38,0:08:07.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How come we are able to feed\N1100 million tons of animals,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.40,0:08:13.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we cannot prevent 10 million people \Nfrom dying from malnutrition every year?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.28,0:08:18.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How come there are more people\Nwho die from eating too much,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.25,0:08:21.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then there are people\Nwho die from eating too little?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.86,0:08:27.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Number two: Our domesticated\Nanimals take up a lot of space.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.76,0:08:32.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To make space for our animals\Nand the food we grow for them,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.65,0:08:34.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we cut down rain forest.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.61,0:08:36.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when we cut down rain forest,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.47,0:08:41.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are not only destroying the planet's\Ndefenses against carbon dioxide,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.47,0:08:46.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we are also destroying the habitats\Nof wild species and driving them extinct.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.20,0:08:51.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The main driver for species extinction\Nis rain forest destruction,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.39,0:08:56.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the main driver for rain forest \Ndestruction is animal agriculture -
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.43,0:08:59.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mainly, cattle production.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.36,0:09:06.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Number three: Our domesticated\Nanimals release a lot of waste.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.11,0:09:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of these animals\Nshit, piss, fart, and burp.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.96,0:09:14.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And while all is bad for the environment,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.31,0:09:18.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is the burp that is having\Nthe most damaging effect.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.68,0:09:22.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When ruminant animals,\Nlike cattle and sheep, burp,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.27,0:09:26.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they release methane,\Nand apparently, they burp a lot.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.94,0:09:29.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And methane is a greenhouse gas
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.18,0:09:31.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is much more potent\Nat heating the atmosphere
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.62,0:09:33.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than even carbon dioxide.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.35,0:09:37.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mainly because of ruminant animals,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.61,0:09:43.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the global release of greenhouse gases\Nfrom animal agriculture is so enormous
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.06,0:09:46.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it is greater than from the whole\Ntransportation sector combined.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.30,0:09:54.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, reflecting upon these pillars\Nmay leave some of you with the idea
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.81,0:09:57.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there is something wrong \Nwith the human species.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.52,0:10:02.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That of all the species,\Nit is the absolute worst.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.07,0:10:07.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And given the terms we set\Nfor the survival of billions animals,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.25,0:10:10.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is not that hard\Nto lose faith in humanity.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.00,0:10:14.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it is not just how we treat\Nnon-human animals
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.41,0:10:17.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can deter us from a glimpse of hope.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.56,0:10:22.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are also dealing with wars, \Nrefugee crises, climate change,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.55,0:10:30.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,terrorists, nuclear threat, world hunger,\Nand various forms of discrimination.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.19,0:10:32.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are parts on earth
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.47,0:10:36.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where women have little or no control\Nover their lives or their bodies,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.06,0:10:39.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there are parts on earth\Nwhere people are being prosecuted
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.89,0:10:42.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they do not love\Nor have sex in an orthodox way,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.28,0:10:46.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and every single year,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.23,0:10:49.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,six million children die\Nbefore they reach the age of five.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.02,0:10:54.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, with this grim picture in mind,\Nit seems reasonable to ask:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.89,0:10:59.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Will the human species ever make an effort
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.48,0:11:03.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to change from an animal-based diet\Ntowards a plant-based diet?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.18,0:11:07.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do we even have what it takes\Nto make such a shift?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.30,0:11:12.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, I believe the answer \Nis a resounding "yes,"
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.28,0:11:13.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and let me tell you why.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.92,0:11:17.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is mainly because of two things.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.04,0:11:20.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, despite all our faults,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.51,0:11:24.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,human beings have \Na great capacity for compassion,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.25,0:11:29.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and our compassion has been increasing,\Nand it continues to increase.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.46,0:11:34.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also, we have made some meaningful impact\Nin the defense of animals.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.17,0:11:41.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, many of the bad things humans do\Nis blown out of proportion.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.51,0:11:44.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Human history clearly shows
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.36,0:11:47.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we are much more peaceful\Nand less violent than we used to be.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.63,0:11:50.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There used to be a time
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.10,0:11:54.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when encounters between two human tribes\Nburst out in violent conflict.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.44,0:11:57.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have come a long way since.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.87,0:12:03.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, we are over 7 billion human beings\Nliving in relative harmony.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.43,0:12:07.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Never before has there been so few wars,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.91,0:12:09.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and despite the media hype,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.29,0:12:12.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the terrorist threat\Nis relatively minuscule.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.27,0:12:17.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Torture used to be at display\Nfor people's entertainment,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.04,0:12:20.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the death penalty has been \Nabolished in many countries,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.40,0:12:22.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,slavery has been outlawed,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.49,0:12:24.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and slowly but surely, since then,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.50,0:12:28.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,discrimination based on race\Nis no longer considered defensible.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.24,0:12:32.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The rights and empowerment of women
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.28,0:12:37.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has seen a very positive and dramatic\Neffect over the last century or two.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.08,0:12:40.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the rights of\Nhomosexuals is improving,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.93,0:12:46.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,notably, homosexuality was decriminalised \Nin the United Kingdom, only in 1982.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.30,0:12:50.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A further testament\Nto our altruistic behaviour
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.93,0:12:56.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can be seen in how we donate money to\Nhelp people who live in extreme poverty -
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.22,0:13:00.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people we do not know and will never know.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.06,0:13:05.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Such altruistic behaviour\Nseems impossible in other species.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.43,0:13:07.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And while it is true
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.52,0:13:11.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that six million children die, every year,\Nbefore they reach the age of five,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.73,0:13:15.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was only 30 years ago\Nwhen this number was 12 million.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.18,0:13:23.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Improvement in other\Npoverty-related areas is evident as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.13,0:13:26.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, it seems irrefutable
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.34,0:13:30.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that human beings have\Na great capacity for compassion
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.41,0:13:32.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that our compassion is increasing.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.32,0:13:35.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that gives us\Na good reason to be optimistic
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.92,0:13:38.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we can make the shift
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.11,0:13:41.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from an animal-based diet\Ntowards a plant-based diet.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.06,0:13:46.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also we have made some meaningful\Nimpact in the defense of animals.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.28,0:13:50.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many countries now have laws\Nthat govern animals
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.99,0:13:52.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where there used to be none.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.25,0:13:54.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Using these laws,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.92,0:13:57.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,conditions for animals have improved,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.69,0:14:00.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perhaps most notably\Nin the European Union.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.68,0:14:06.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But also, big American food companies have\Nimproved the conditions for their animals,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.72,0:14:09.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not because they were told\Nto do so by the government,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.24,0:14:12.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but rather due to popular demand\Nfrom their consumers.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.33,0:14:16.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Arguably, these efforts are not enough,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.84,0:14:19.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they do show that\Nwhen it comes to animal suffering,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.67,0:14:22.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that people are aware\Nand that they do care.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.04,0:14:27.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another impact in the defense\Nof animals is the fact
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.43,0:14:31.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that more and more people\Nare deciding, for whatever reason,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.59,0:14:34.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to forgo animal products \Nin their daily lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.30,0:14:39.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With an increase in demand\Nfor [plant] based products,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.76,0:14:42.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,restaurants, supermarkets, entrepreneurs
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.61,0:14:45.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are responding with an increase\Nin supply and variety,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.16,0:14:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which in turn makes it even easier
Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.00,0:14:51.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for people to accept and choose\Na plant-based option.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.61,0:14:59.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Despite these positive things,\Nthe fact remains that factory farming
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.34,0:15:02.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is one of the greatest problems\Nfacing the human race,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.72,0:15:04.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a problem of such proportions
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.28,0:15:07.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it affects the entire\Nbiosphere of the planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:07.100,0:15:12.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is why it is genuinely important\Nthat as many people as possible
Dialogue: 0,0:15:12.51,0:15:16.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,participate in the shift \Ntowards a plant-based diet.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.29,0:15:19.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you take a look at the atrocities
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.87,0:15:22.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we have successfully\Nand often proudly
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.54,0:15:25.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eradicated from our civilized societies,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:25.89,0:15:30.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as torture, slavery,\Ndeath penalty, and discrimination,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.48,0:15:34.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then look at what is happening\Nwith the animals we eat,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.50,0:15:40.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it does not take too much effort\Nof our imagination to appreciate
Dialogue: 0,0:15:40.87,0:15:43.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it is with the animals we eat
Dialogue: 0,0:15:43.25,0:15:48.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where torture takes place,\Nwhere slavery prevails -
Dialogue: 0,0:15:48.95,0:15:51.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at it's very essence,\Nit is discrimination.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:55.27,0:15:58.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fellow human beings, it is high time
Dialogue: 0,0:15:58.93,0:16:03.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we embrace non-human animals\Nwithin our expanding moral circle.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.33,0:16:09.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It will bring unprecedented benefits\Nto humans and other animals alike,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:09.95,0:16:12.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for generations to come.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:13.74,0:16:17.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)