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What does it mean to spend our time well?

2
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I spend a lot of my time

3
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thinking about how to spend my time.

4
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Probably too much.

5
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I probably obsess over it --

6
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my friends think I do.

7
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But I feel like I kind of have to,

8
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because these days,

9
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it feels like little bits of my time
kind of slip away from me,

10
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and when that happens,

11
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it feels like parts of my life
are slipping away.

12
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Specifically,

13
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it feels like little bits of my time get
slipped away to various things like this.

14
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Like technology --

15
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I check things --

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I'll give you an example.

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If this email shows up --

18
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how many of you have gotten
an email like this, right?

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I've been tagged in a photo.

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When this appears,

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I can't help but click on it right now.

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Right?

23
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Because what if it's a bad photo?

24
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So I have to click it right now.

25
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But I'm not just going
to click "See photo,"

26
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what I'm actually going to do
is spend the next 20 minutes.

27
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(Laughter)

28
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But the worst part

29
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is that I know that this
is what's going to happen,

30
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and even knowing that that's
what's going to happen

31
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doesn't stop me from
doing it again the next time.

32
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Or I find myself
in a situation like this ...

33
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where I check my email
and I pull down to refresh,

34
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right?

35
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But the thing is that 60 seconds later,

36
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I'll pull down to refresh again.

37
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Like, why am I doing this?

38
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This doesn't make any sense.

39
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But I'll give you a hint
why this is happening.

40
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What do you think makes more
money in the United States

41
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than movies, game parks
and baseball combined?

42
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Slot machines.

43
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How can slot machines make all this money

44
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when we play with such small
amounts of money?

45
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We play with coins.

46
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How is this possible?

47
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Well, the thing is ...

48
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my phone is a slot machine.

49
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Every time I check my phone,

50
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I'm playing the slot machine to see,

51
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what am I going to get?

52
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What am I going to get?

53
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Every time I check my email,

54
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I'm playing the slot machine

55
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[to say], "What am I going to get?"

56
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Every time I scroll a news feed,

57
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I'm playing the slot machine to see,

58
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what am I going to get next?

59
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Right?

60
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And the thing is

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that again knowing
exactly how this works --

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and I'm a designer,

63
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I know exactly how
the psychology of this works,

64
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I know exactly what's going on --

65
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but it doesn't leave me with any choice,

66
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I still just get sucked into it.

67
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So what are we going to do?

68
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Because it leaves us

69
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with this all-or-nothing relationship
with technology, right?

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You're either on,

71
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and your connected
and distracted all the time,

72
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or you're off,

73
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but then you're wondering,

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am I missing something important?

75
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In other words,

76
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you're either distracted

77
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or you have Fear of Missing Out,

78
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right?

79
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So we need to restore choice.

80
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We want to have
a relationship with technology

81
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that gives us back choice
about how we spend time with it,

82
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and we're going to need
help from designers

83
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because knowing this stuff doesn't help.

84
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We're going to need design help,

85
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so what would that look like?

86
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So let's take an example that we all face:

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chat --

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text messaging.

89
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So let's say there's two people.

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Nancy's on the left and she's
working on a document,

91
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and John's on the right.

92
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And John suddenly remembers,

93
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"I need to ask Nancy for
that document before I forget!"

94
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Right?

95
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So when he sends her that message,

96
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it blows away her attention.

97
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Right?

98
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And that's what we're doing all the time,

99
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we're bulldozing each other's
attention left and right.

100
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And there's serious cost to this,

101
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because every time
we interrupt each other ...

102
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it's takes us about 23 minutes on average

103
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to refocus our attention.

104
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We actually cycle through
two different projects

105
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before we come back
to the original thing we were doing.

106
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This is Gloria Mark's research

107
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combined with Microsoft's
research that showed this.

108
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And her research also shows
that it actually trains bad habits.

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The more interruptions we get externally,

110
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it's conditioning and training us
to interrupt ourselves.

111
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We actually self-interrupt
every three and a half minutes.

112
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This is crazy,

113
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so how do we fix this?

114
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Because Nancy and John are in this
all-or-nothing relationship.

115
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Nancy might want to disconnect,

116
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but then she'd be worried --

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what if I'm missing something important?

118
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So design can fix this problem.

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Let's say you have
Nancy again on the left,

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John on the right,

121
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and John remembers,

122
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"I need to send Nancy that document,"

123
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except this time,

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Nancy can mark that she's focused.

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Let's say she drags a slider and says,

126
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"I want to be focused for 30 minutes,"

127
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so "bam," she's focused.

128
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Now when John wants the message her,

129
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he can get the thought off of his mind --

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because he has a need, right?

131
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He has this thought

132
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and he needs to dump it out
before he forgets,

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except this time

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it holds the messages
so that Nancy can still focus

135
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but John can get the thought
off of his mind, right?

136
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But this only works
if one last thing is true,

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which is that Nancy needs to know
that if something is truly important

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that John can still interrupt.

139
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But instead of having constant
accidental or mindless interruptions,

140
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we're now only creating
conscious interruptions,

141
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right?

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So we're doing two things here.

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We're creating a new choice
for both Nancy and John,

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but there's second, subtle thing
we're doing here, too.

145
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And that's that we're changing
the question that we're answering.

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Instead of the goal of chat
being let's design it

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so that it's easy to send a message --

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that's the goal of chat,

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it should be really easy to send
a message to someone --

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we change the goal to something
deeper and a human value,

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which is let's create the highest
possible quality communication

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and relationship between two people.

153
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So we upgraded the goal.

154
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Now, do designers
actually care about this?

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Do we want to have conversations
about what these deeper human goals are?

156
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Well I'll tell you one story

157
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which is about a year ago,

158
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a little over a year ago,

159
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I got to help organize a meeting

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between some of technology's
leading designers and Thich Nhat Han.

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Thich Nhat Hanh is an international
spokesperson for mindfulness meditation,

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and it was the most amazing meeting.

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You have to imagine --

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picture a room --

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on one side of the room you have
a bunch of tech geeks;

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on the other side of the room,

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you have a bunch of long brown robes,
shaved heads, Buddhist monks.

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And the questions were about
the deepest human values,

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like what does the future
of technology look like

170
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when you're designing
for the deepest questions

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and the deepest human values?

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And our conversation centered on listening
more deeply to what those values might be.

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He joked in our conversation

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that what if instead of a spell check

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you had a compassion check?

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Meaning you might highlight a word
that might be accidentally abrasive --

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perceived as abrasive by someone else.

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So does this kind of conversation
happen in the real world,

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not just in these design meetings?

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Well the answer is yes,

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and one of my favorites is Couchsurfing.

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If you didn't know,

183
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Couchsurfing is a website

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that matches people who are looking
for a place to stay with a free couch,

185
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from someone who's trying to offer it.

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So, great service --

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what would there design goal be?

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What are you designing for
if you work at Couchsurfing?

189
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Well you would think
it's to match guests with hosts.

190
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Right?

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That's a pretty good goal.

192
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But that would kind of be like
our goal with messaging before,

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where we're just trying
to deliver a mesasge.

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So what's the deeper, human goal?

195
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Well, they set their goal

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as the need to create lasting, positive
experiences and relationships

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between people who have never met before.

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And the most amazing thing about this

199
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was in 2007,

200
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they introduced a way to measure this,

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which is incredible.

202
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I'll tell you how it works.

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Every design goal that you have,

204
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you have to have a corresponding
measurement to know how you're doing --

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a way of measuring success.

206
00:09:14,137 --> 00:09:15,447
So what they do

207
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is let's say you take
two people who meet up

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and they take the number of days
those two people spent together,

209
00:09:23,945 --> 00:09:24,908
right?

210
00:09:25,145 --> 00:09:28,918
And then they estimate how many
hours were in those days.

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How many hours did those two
people spend together?

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And then after they
spend that time together,

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they ask both of them:

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how positive was your experience?

215
00:09:37,749 --> 00:09:40,628
Did you have a good experience
with this person that you met?

216
00:09:41,178 --> 00:09:44,563
And they subtract
form those positive hours

217
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the amount of time
people spent on the website,

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because that's a cost to people's lives.

219
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Why should we value that as success?

220
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And what you were left with

221
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is something they refer to as net
"Orchestrated Conviviality,"

222
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or really just a net "Good Times" created.

223
00:10:03,522 --> 00:10:08,049
The net hours that would have never
existed had Couchsurfing not existed.

224
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Can you imagine how inspiring it would be

225
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to come to work every day

226
00:10:13,057 --> 00:10:17,500
and measure your success
in the actual net new contribution

227
00:10:17,500 --> 00:10:20,314
of hours in people's lives
that are positive,

228
00:10:20,314 --> 00:10:21,978
that would have never existed

229
00:10:21,978 --> 00:10:24,979
if you didn't do what you were
about to do at work today?

230
00:10:25,915 --> 00:10:30,895
Can you imagine a whole world
that worked this way?

231
00:10:31,859 --> 00:10:34,637
Can you imagine a social network that --

232
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let's you care about cooking

233
00:10:36,106 --> 00:10:39,418
and it measured its success
in terms of cooking nights organized

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00:10:39,418 --> 00:10:42,288
and the cooking articles
that you were glad you read,

235
00:10:42,288 --> 00:10:45,294
and subtracted from that the articles
you weren't glad you read

236
00:10:45,294 --> 00:10:47,843
or the time you spent scrolling
that you didn't like?

237
00:10:48,192 --> 00:10:51,766
Imagine a professional social network,

238
00:10:51,766 --> 00:10:53,598
that instead of measuring its success

239
00:10:53,598 --> 00:10:57,332
in terms of connections created
or messages sent,

240
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instead measured its success in terms
of the job offers that people got

241
00:11:01,667 --> 00:11:03,520
that they were excited to get.

242
00:11:03,520 --> 00:11:04,520
Right?

243
00:11:04,520 --> 00:11:08,158
And subtracted the amount of time
people spent on the website.

244
00:11:08,803 --> 00:11:11,966
Or imagine dating services,

245
00:11:11,966 --> 00:11:13,808
like maybe Tinder or something,

246
00:11:13,808 --> 00:11:17,277
where instead of measuring the number
of swipes left and right people did,

247
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which is how they measure success today,

248
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and instead measured

249
00:11:21,095 --> 00:11:26,915
the deep, romantic, fulfilling
connections people created --

250
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whatever that was for them, by the way.

251
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But can you imagine a whole world
that worked this way,

252
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that was helping you spend your time well?

253
00:11:39,191 --> 00:11:41,245
Now to do this you also need a new system,

254
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because you're probably thinking,

255
00:11:42,946 --> 00:11:44,524
today's Internet economy --

256
00:11:44,524 --> 00:11:45,954
today's economy in general --

257
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is measured in time spent.

258
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The more users you have,

259
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the more usage you have,

260
00:11:50,757 --> 00:11:52,047
the more time people spend,

261
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that's how we measure success.

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But we've solved this problem before.

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We solved it with organic,

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when we said we need
to value things a different way.

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We said this is a different kind of food.

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So we can't compare it 
just based on price;

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this is a different category of food.

268
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We solved it with Leed Certification,

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where we said this is
a different kind of building

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that stood for different values
of environmental sustainability.

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What if we had something 
like that for technology?

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What if we had something whose
entire purpose and goal

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was to help create net new positive
contributions to human life?

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And what if we could
value it a different way,

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so it would actually work?

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Imagine you gave this different
premium shelf space on app stores.

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Imagine you had web browsers
that helped route you

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to these kinds of design products.

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Right?

280
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Can you imagine how exciting it would be
to live and create that world?

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We can create this world today.

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Company leaders,

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all you have to do --

284
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only you can prioritize a new metric,

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which is your metric for net positive
contribution to human life.

286
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And have an honest
conversation about that.

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Maybe you're not
doing so well to start with,

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00:13:19,913 --> 00:13:22,047
but let's start that conversation.

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Designers,

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you can redefine success,

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you can redefine design.

292
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Arguably, you have more power
than many people in your organization

293
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to create the choices
that all of us live by.

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Maybe like in medicine,

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where we have a Hippocratic oath

296
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to recognize the responsibilty
and this higher value

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00:13:43,920 --> 00:13:45,645
that we have to treat patients,

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what if designers had something like that
in terms of this new kind of design?

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And users,

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for all of us,

301
00:13:52,978 --> 00:13:56,607
we can demand technology
that works this way.

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Now it may seem hard,

303
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but McDonald's didn't have salads
until the consumer demand was there.

304
00:14:04,797 --> 00:14:09,048
Walmart didn't have organic food
until the consumer demand was there.

305
00:14:09,048 --> 00:14:13,452
We have to demand
this new kind of technology.

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And we can do that.

307
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And doing that

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would amount to shifting

309
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from a world that's driven and run
entirely on time spent ...

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to world that's driven by time well spent.

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I want to live in this world

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and I want this conversation to happen.

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00:14:36,801 --> 00:14:38,767
Let's start that conversation now.

314
00:14:39,774 --> 00:14:40,771
Thank you.

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(Applause)