1 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 What does it mean to spend our time well? 2 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 I spend a lot of my time 3 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 thinking about how to spend my time. 4 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Probably too much. 5 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 I probably obsess over it -- 6 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 my friends think I do. 7 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 But I feel like I kind of have to, 8 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 because these days, 9 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 it feels like little bits of my time kind of slip away from me, 10 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 and when that happens, 11 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 it feels like parts of my life are slipping away. 12 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Specifically, 13 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 it feels like little bits of my time get slipped away to various things like this: 14 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 like technology -- 15 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 I check things -- 16 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 I'll give you an example. 17 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 If this email shows up -- 18 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 how many of you have gotten an email like this, right? 19 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 I've been tagged in a photo. 20 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 When this appears, 21 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 I can't help but click on it right now. 22 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Right? 23 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Because what if it's a bad photo? 24 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 So I have to click it right now. 25 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 But I'm not sure going to click the photo, 26 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 what I'm actually going to do is spend the next 20 minutes. 27 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 (Laughter) 28 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 But the worst part is 29 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 that I know that this is what's going to happen 30 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 and even knowing that that's what's going to happen 31 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 doesn't stop me from doing it again the next time. 32 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Or I find myself in a situation like this: 33 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 where I check my email and pull down to refresh, 34 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 right? 35 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 But the thing is that 60 seconds later, 36 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 I'll pull down to refresh again. 37 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Like, why am I doing this? 38 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Right? 39 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 This doesn't make any sense. 40 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 But I'll give you a hint why this is happening. 41 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 What do you think makes more money in the United States 42 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 than movies, game parks and baseball combined? 43 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Slot machines. 44 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 How can slot machines make all this money 45 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 when we play with such small amounts of money? 46 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 We play with coins, 47 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 how is this possible? 48 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Well, the thing is ... 49 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 my phone is a slot machine. 50 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Every time I check my phone, 51 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 I'm playing the slot machine to see: 52 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 what am I going to get? 53 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 What am I going to get? 54 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Every time I check my email, 55 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 I'm playing the slot machine 56 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 to say, "What am I going to get?" 57 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Every time I scroll a news feed, 58 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 I'm playing the slot machine to see: 59 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 what am I going to get next? 60 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Right? 61 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 And the thing is that again, knowing exactly how this works -- 62 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 and I'm a designer, 63 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 I know exactly how the psychology of this works, 64 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 I know exactly what's going on -- 65 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 but it doesn't leave me with any choice, 66 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 I still just get sucked into it. 67 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 So what are we going to do? 68 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Because it leaves us 69 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 with this all or nothing relationship with technology, right? 70 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 You're either on, 71 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 and your connected and distracted all the time, 72 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 or you're off, 73 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 but then you're wondering, 74 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 am I missing something important? 75 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 In other words, 76 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 you're either distracted 77 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 or you have Fear of Missing Out, 78 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 right? 79 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 So we need to restore choice. 80 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 We want to have a relationship with technology 81 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 that gives us back choice about how we spend time with it, 82 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 and we're going to need help from designers. 83 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Because knowing this stuff doesn't help, 84 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 we're going to need design help. 85 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 So what would that look like? 86 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 So let's take an example that we all face: 87 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 chat -- 88 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 text messaging. 89 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 So let's say there's two people, 90 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Nancy's on the left and she's working on a document, 91 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 and John's on the right. 92 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 And John suddenly remembers, 93 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 "I need to ask Nancy for that document before I forget!" 94 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Right? 95 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 So when he sends her that message, 96 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 it blows away her attention. 97 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Right? 98 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 And that's what we're doing all the time, 99 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 we're bullzodering each other's attention left and right. 100 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 And there's serious cost to this, 101 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 because every time we interrupt each other, 102 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 it's takes up about 23 minutes on average to refocus our attention. 103 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 We actually cycle through two different projects 104 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 before we come back to the original thing we were doing. 105 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 This is Gloria Mark's research 106 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 combined with Microsoft's research that shows this. 107 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 And her research also shows that it actually trains bad habits. 108 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 The more interruptions we get externally, 109 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 it's conditioning and training us to interrupt ourselves. 110 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 We actually self-interrupt every three and a half minutes. 111 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 This is crazy, 112 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 so how to fix this? 113 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Because Nancy and John are in this all or nothing relationship. 114 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Nancy might want to disconnect, 115 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 but then she'd be worried, 116 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 what if I'm missing something important? 117 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 So design can fix this problem. 118 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Let's say you have Nancy again on the left, 119 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 John on the right, 120 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 and John remembers, 121 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 I need to send Nancy that document, 122 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 except this time, 123 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Nancy can mark that she's focused. 124 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Let's say she drags a slider and says, 125 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 "I want to be focused for 30 minutes," 126 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 so "Bam," she's focused. 127 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Now when John wants the message her 128 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 he can get the thought off of his mind becuase he has a need, 129 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 right? 130 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 He has this thought 131 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 and he needs to dump it out before he forgets, 132 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 except this time 133 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 it holds the messages so that Nancy can still focus 134 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 but John can get the thought off of his mind, right? 135 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 But this only works if one last thing is true, 136 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 which is that Nancy needs to know that if something is truly important 137 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 that John can interrupt. 138 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 But instead of having constant accidental or mindless interruptions, 139 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 we're now only creating conscious interruptions, 140 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 right? 141 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 So we're doing two things here. 142 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 We're creating a new choice for both Nancy and John, 143 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 but there's second, subtle thing we're doing here, too. 144 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 And that's that we're changing the question that we're answering. 145 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Instead of the goal of chat being 146 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 let's design it so that it's easy to send a message -- 147 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 that's the goal of chat, 148 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 it should be really easy to send a message to someone. 149 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 We change the goal to something deeper and a human value, 150 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 which is let's create the highest possible quality communication and relationship 151 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 between two people. 152 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 So we upgraded the goal. 153 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Now, do designers actually care about this? 154 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Do we want to have conversations about what these deeper, human goals are? 155 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Well I'll tell you one story 156 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 which is about a year ago, 157 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 a little over a year ago, 158 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 I got to help organize a meeting 159 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 between some of technology's leading designers and Thich Nhat Han. 160 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Thich Nhat Hanh is an international spokesperson for mindfulness meditation 161 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 and it was the most amazing meeting. 162 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 You have to imagine -- 163 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 picture a room -- 164 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 on one side of the room you have a bunch of tech geeks; 165 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 on the other side of the room 166 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 you have a bunch of long brown robes, shaved heads, Buddhist monks. 167 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 And the questions were about the deepest human values, 168 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 like what does the future of technology look like 169 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 when you're designing for the deepest questions 170 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 and the deepest human values? 171 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 And our conversation centered on listening more deeply to what those values might be. 172 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 He joked in our conversation 173 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 that what if instead of a spell check 174 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 you had a compassion check? 175 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Meaning you might highlight a word that might be accidentally abrasive -- 176 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 perceived as abrasive by someone else. 177 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 So, does this kind of conversation happen in the real world, 178 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 not just in design meetings? 179 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Well the answer is yes, 180 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 and one of my favorites is Couchsurfing. 181 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 If you didn't know, 182 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Couchsurfing is a website 183 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 that matches people who are looking for a place to stay with a free couch, 184 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 from someone who's trying to offer it. 185 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 So, great service -- 186 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 what would there design goal be? 187 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 What are you designing for if you work at Couchsurfing? 188 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Well you would think it's to match guests with hosts, 189 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 right? 190 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 That's a pretty good goal. 191 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 But that would kind of be like our goal with messaging before, 192 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 where we're just trying to deliver a mesasge. 193 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 So what's the deeper, human goal? 194 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Well, they set their goal 195 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 as the need to create lasting, positive experiences and relationships 196 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 between people who have never met before. 197 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 And the most amazing thing about this 198 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 was in 2007, 199 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 they introduced a way to measure this, 200 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 which is incredible. 201 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 I'll tell you how it works. 202 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Every design goal that you have, 203 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 you have to have a corresponding measurement to know how you're doing, 204 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 right? 205 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 A way of measuring success. 206 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 So what they do is say, 207 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 let's say you take two people who meet up 208 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 and they take the number of days those two people spent together, 209 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 right? 210 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 And then they estimate how many hours were in those days. 211 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 How many hours did those two people spend together? 212 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 And then after they spend that time together, 213 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 they ask both of them: 214 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 how positive was your experience? 215 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Did you have a good experience with this person that you met? 216 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 And they subtract form those positive hours 217 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 the amount of time people spent on the website, 218 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 because that's a cost to peoples' lives. 219 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Why should we value that as success? 220 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 And what you were left with 221 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 is something they refer to as "Net Orchestrated Conviviality", 222 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 or really just a "Net Good Times Created." 223 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 The net hours that would have never existed had Couchsurfing not existed. 224 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Can you imagine how inspiring it would be to come to work every day 225 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 and measure your success in the actual net new contribution of hours 226 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 in peoples' lives that are positive 227 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 that would have never existed 228 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 if you didn't do what you were about to do at work today? 229 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Can you imagine a whole world that worked this way? 230 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Can you imagine a social network that -- 231 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 let's you care about cooking 232 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 and it measured its success in the amount of cooking nights organized 233 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 and the cooking articles that you were glad you read, 234 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 and subtracted from that the articles you weren't glad you read 235 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 or the time you spent scrolling that you didn't like. 236 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Imagine a professional social network, 237 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 that instead of measuring its success 238 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 in terms of connections created or messages sent, 239 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 instead measured its success in terms of the job offers that people got 240 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 that they were excited to get. 241 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Right? 242 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 And subtracted the amount of time people spent on the website. 243 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Or imagine dating services, 244 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 like maybe Tinder or something, 245 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 where instead of measuring the number of swipes left and right people did, 246 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 which is how they measure success today, 247 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 and instead measured the deep, romantic fulfilling connections people created -- 248 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 whatever that was for them, by the way. 249 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 But can you imagine are whole world that worked this way? 250 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 That was helping you spend your time well. 251 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Now to do this you also need a new system, 252 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 because you're probably thinking, 253 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 today's Internet economy -- 254 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 today's economy in general -- 255 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 is measured in time spent. 256 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 The more users you have, 257 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 the more usage you have, 258 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 the more time people spend, 259 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 that's how we measure success. 260 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 But we're solved this problem before. 261 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 We solved it with organic, 262 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 when we said we need to value things a different way. 263 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 We said this is a different kind of food. 264 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 So we can't compare it just based on price; 265 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 this is a different category of food. 266 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 We solved it with Leed Certification, 267 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 where we said this is a different kind of building 268 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 that stood for different values of environmental sustainability. 269 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 What if we had something like that for technology? 270 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 What if we had something whose entire purpose and goal 271 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 was to help create net new positive contributions to human life? 272 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 And what if we could value it a different way, 273 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 so it would actually work? 274 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Imagine you gave this different premium shelf space on app stores. 275 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Imagine you had web browsers that helped route you 276 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 to these kinds of design products. 277 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Can you imagine how exciting it would be to live and create that world? 278 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 We can create this world today. 279 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Company leaders, 280 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 only you can prioritize a new metric, 281 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 which is your metric for net positive contribution to human life. 282 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 And have an honest conversation about that. 283 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Maybe you're not doing so well to start with, 284 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 but let's start that conversation. 285 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Designers, 286 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 you can refine success, 287 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 you can redefine design. 288 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Arguably, you have more power that many people in your organization 289 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 to create the choices that all of us live by. 290 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Maybe like in medicine, 291 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 where we have a hypocratic oath 292 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 to recognize the responsibilty 293 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 and the higher value to treat patients, 294 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 what if designers had something like that in terms of this new kind of design? 295 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 And users, 296 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 for all of us, 297 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 we can demand technology that works this way. 298 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Now it may seem hard, 299 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 but McDonald's didn't have salads until the consumer demand was there. 300 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Walmart didn't have organic food until the consumer demand was there. 301 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 We have to demand this new kind of technology, 302 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 and we can do that. 303 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 And doing that 304 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 would amount to shifting 305 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 from a world that's driven and run entirely on time spent, 306 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 to world that's driven by time well spent. 307 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 I want to live in this world 308 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 and I want this conversation to happen. 309 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Let's start that conversation now. 310 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Thank you. 311 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 (Applause)