WEBVTT

00:00:00.520 --> 00:00:03.191
Bonjour tout le monde, 
bienvenu dans ma chaîne Langfocus

00:00:03.191 --> 00:00:05.017
Mon nom c'est Paul.

00:00:05.017 --> 00:00:07.634
Le sujet d'aujourd'hui c'est : 
la mort de la langue

00:00:07.634 --> 00:00:10.202
Normalement dans cette chaîne, 
quand je parle dune langue

00:00:10.202 --> 00:00:11.894
c'est généralement <i>une langue vivante</i>

00:00:11.894 --> 00:00:14.770
une langue qui est encore
parlée aujourd'hui par les natifs

00:00:14.770 --> 00:00:17.200
et qui continue de grandir et d'évoluer.

00:00:17.200 --> 00:00:21.089
Mais il y a aussi des <i>langues mortes</i>
et <i>des langue éteintes</i>

00:00:21.089 --> 00:00:24.833
Les langues sont considérées comme mortes
quand ils n'ont plus de natifs,

00:00:24.833 --> 00:00:27.760
même si elles continuent d'être utilisées
d'une certaine manière.

00:00:27.760 --> 00:00:29.509
Le latin est mort par exemple,

00:00:29.509 --> 00:00:32.009
mais continue d'être utilisé 
pour des fins religieuses

00:00:32.009 --> 00:00:34.769
et dans certains cas administratifs
au Vatican.

00:00:35.640 --> 00:00:39.079 line:1
Certaines personnes peuvent le parler, 
mais non pas comme des natives,

00:00:39.079 --> 00:00:41.629 line:1
et ce n'est pas transmis
en tant que langue maternelle.

00:00:41.629 --> 00:00:43.490
Un autre exemple est le Hebrew,

00:00:43.490 --> 00:00:46.017
qui était une langue morte
avant son arrivée

00:00:46.017 --> 00:00:47.920
sous forme de Hebrew moderne.

00:00:47.920 --> 00:00:50.220
Personne n'en parle nativement
pour une longue période

00:00:50.220 --> 00:00:53.019
mais il continu d'être utilisé
pour des fins religieuses

00:00:53.019 --> 00:00:55.279
et comme une langue littéraire écrite.

00:00:55.279 --> 00:00:58.070
A l'opposé, les langues sont considérées
comme éteintes

00:00:58.070 --> 00:01:00.220
quand aucune personne vivante n'en parle.

00:01:00.220 --> 00:01:02.520
Par exemple, 
si le dernier parlant qui reste

00:01:02.520 --> 00:01:04.575
d'une langue Américaine Native, meurt

00:01:04.575 --> 00:01:06.935
et personne ne l'a apprise 
comme langue seconde

00:01:06.941 --> 00:01:09.084
alors cette langue devient éteinte.

00:01:09.084 --> 00:01:12.504
Ainsi, les langues anciennes,
telles que le Sumérien, sont éteintes.

00:01:12.511 --> 00:01:15.749
Certains peuvent être capable de lire
d'anciens textes de cette langue,

00:01:15.749 --> 00:01:17.749
mais personne n'en utilise réellement
de nos jours

00:01:17.749 --> 00:01:20.216 line:1
Les langues deviennent mortes ou éteintes

00:01:20.216 --> 00:01:21.946 line:1
par conséquent
de la <i>mort de la langue</i>

00:01:22.730 --> 00:01:24.514
Les types de la mort d'une langue.

00:01:24.514 --> 00:01:26.740
Les langues ne meurent pas toujours
de la même manière.

00:01:26.740 --> 00:01:29.121
Il y a des types variés 
de la mort d'une langue

00:01:29.121 --> 00:01:31.367
La manière la plus répandue
dont disparaissent les langues

00:01:31.367 --> 00:01:33.250
est à travers
une <i>mort graduelle</i>.

00:01:33.250 --> 00:01:35.850
Cela se produit quand 
ceux qui parlent une langue

00:01:35.850 --> 00:01:39.125
se mettent en contact avec une langue
de haut niveau:

00:01:39.125 --> 00:01:42.063
une langue d'un groupe de personnes
plus puissantes.

00:01:42.063 --> 00:01:45.029
Cette communauté peut demeurer bilingue
pour une longue période.

00:01:45.029 --> 00:01:46.851 line:1
Mais avec chaque génération successive,

00:01:46.851 --> 00:01:49.338 line:1
peu de jeunes gens
parlent leur langue traditionnelle

00:01:49.338 --> 00:01:51.439 line:1
avec un niveau bas de maîtrise,

00:01:51.439 --> 00:01:54.509 line:1
ils optent plutôt
pour la langue de prestige

00:01:54.509 --> 00:01:58.319 line:1


00:01:58.319 --> 00:01:59.950


00:01:59.950 --> 00:02:02.972


00:02:02.972 --> 00:02:05.446


00:02:05.446 --> 00:02:09.478


00:02:09.480 --> 00:02:11.719


00:02:11.719 --> 00:02:14.049


00:02:14.050 --> 00:02:16.114


00:02:16.114 --> 00:02:18.860


00:02:18.860 --> 00:02:21.610


00:02:21.610 --> 00:02:23.440


00:02:23.440 --> 00:02:26.450


00:02:26.450 --> 00:02:29.460


00:02:29.460 --> 00:02:33.080 line:1


00:02:33.080 --> 00:02:34.960 line:1


00:02:35.930 --> 00:02:37.460


00:02:37.460 --> 00:02:40.869


00:02:40.869 --> 00:02:43.028


00:02:43.028 --> 00:02:47.320


00:02:47.320 --> 00:02:50.019


00:02:50.019 --> 00:02:51.799


00:02:51.799 --> 00:02:53.780


00:02:53.780 --> 00:02:56.689


00:02:57.568 --> 00:02:58.990


00:02:58.990 --> 00:03:01.730


00:03:01.730 --> 00:03:05.059


00:03:05.700 --> 00:03:08.142


00:03:08.142 --> 00:03:10.240


00:03:10.240 --> 00:03:12.390


00:03:12.390 --> 00:03:16.228


00:03:16.228 --> 00:03:19.520


00:03:19.520 --> 00:03:22.124 line:1


00:03:22.124 --> 00:03:25.950 line:1


00:03:26.980 --> 00:03:29.550


00:03:29.550 --> 00:03:31.394


00:03:31.394 --> 00:03:34.424


00:03:34.424 --> 00:03:37.310


00:03:37.310 --> 00:03:39.373


00:03:39.373 --> 00:03:42.530


00:03:42.530 --> 00:03:44.889


00:03:44.889 --> 00:03:46.689


00:03:46.689 --> 00:03:48.945


00:03:48.945 --> 00:03:51.105


00:03:51.105 --> 00:03:54.855


00:03:54.855 --> 00:03:56.870


00:03:56.870 --> 00:03:58.990


00:03:59.940 --> 00:04:02.016


00:04:02.016 --> 00:04:03.900


00:04:04.930 --> 00:04:06.220


00:04:06.220 --> 00:04:08.760


00:04:08.760 --> 00:04:11.710


00:04:11.710 --> 00:04:13.260


00:04:13.260 --> 00:04:16.790


00:04:16.790 --> 00:04:20.040


00:04:20.040 --> 00:04:22.480


00:04:22.480 --> 00:04:24.205


00:04:24.205 --> 00:04:26.250


00:04:26.250 --> 00:04:28.638


00:04:28.640 --> 00:04:29.830


00:04:29.830 --> 00:04:32.920


00:04:32.920 --> 00:04:36.159 line:1


00:04:36.777 --> 00:04:40.200


00:04:40.200 --> 00:04:41.930


00:04:41.930 --> 00:04:46.179


00:04:46.184 --> 00:04:48.157


00:04:48.157 --> 00:04:51.889


00:04:51.889 --> 00:04:55.328 line:1


00:04:55.328 --> 00:04:58.528 line:1


00:04:59.196 --> 00:05:02.680


00:05:02.680 --> 00:05:05.164


00:05:05.164 --> 00:05:07.140


00:05:07.140 --> 00:05:10.000


00:05:10.000 --> 00:05:12.620


00:05:12.620 --> 00:05:15.845


00:05:15.845 --> 00:05:17.720


00:05:17.720 --> 00:05:20.780


00:05:20.780 --> 00:05:24.263


00:05:24.263 --> 00:05:27.750


00:05:27.750 --> 00:05:30.400


00:05:30.405 --> 00:05:33.494


00:05:33.494 --> 00:05:35.155


00:05:35.155 --> 00:05:38.180


00:05:38.180 --> 00:05:40.158


00:05:40.158 --> 00:05:42.450


00:05:42.450 --> 00:05:46.174


00:05:46.174 --> 00:05:48.074


00:05:48.074 --> 00:05:49.960


00:05:49.960 --> 00:05:52.670


00:05:52.670 --> 00:05:55.820


00:05:55.820 --> 00:05:59.061


00:05:59.061 --> 00:06:02.440


00:06:02.440 --> 00:06:05.820


00:06:05.820 --> 00:06:09.080


00:06:09.080 --> 00:06:10.865


00:06:10.865 --> 00:06:11.865


00:06:11.865 --> 00:06:13.970


00:06:13.970 --> 00:06:17.510


00:06:17.510 --> 00:06:19.360


00:06:19.360 --> 00:06:22.090


00:06:22.090 --> 00:06:24.270


00:06:24.270 --> 00:06:26.849


00:06:26.849 --> 00:06:28.120


00:06:28.120 --> 00:06:30.760


00:06:30.760 --> 00:06:32.610


00:06:32.610 --> 00:06:35.515


00:06:35.515 --> 00:06:38.045


00:06:38.045 --> 00:06:41.120


00:06:41.120 --> 00:06:43.555


00:06:43.555 --> 00:06:45.030


00:06:45.030 --> 00:06:47.410


00:06:47.410 --> 00:06:49.985


00:06:49.985 --> 00:06:53.212


00:06:53.212 --> 00:06:55.740


00:06:55.740 --> 00:06:59.570


00:06:59.570 --> 00:07:02.300


00:07:02.300 --> 00:07:04.729 line:1


00:07:04.729 --> 00:07:07.360


00:07:07.360 --> 00:07:09.560


00:07:09.560 --> 00:07:11.779


00:07:11.779 --> 00:07:14.660


00:07:14.660 --> 00:07:15.960


00:07:15.960 --> 00:07:19.058


00:07:19.058 --> 00:07:22.260


00:07:23.265 --> 00:07:25.430


00:07:25.430 --> 00:07:28.050


00:07:28.050 --> 00:07:30.580


00:07:30.580 --> 00:07:32.628


00:07:32.628 --> 00:07:35.917


00:07:35.917 --> 00:07:39.076


00:07:39.076 --> 00:07:41.585


00:07:41.585 --> 00:07:44.030


00:07:44.030 --> 00:07:46.790


00:07:46.790 --> 00:07:48.933


00:07:48.936 --> 00:07:50.940


00:07:50.940 --> 00:07:53.765


00:07:53.765 --> 00:07:57.015


00:07:57.015 --> 00:07:59.170


00:07:59.170 --> 00:08:02.676


00:08:02.676 --> 00:08:06.149


00:08:06.149 --> 00:08:08.264


00:08:08.264 --> 00:08:09.690


00:08:09.690 --> 00:08:13.020


00:08:14.115 --> 00:08:16.840


00:08:16.840 --> 00:08:20.245


00:08:20.245 --> 00:08:22.354


00:08:22.354 --> 00:08:24.907


00:08:24.907 --> 00:08:28.217


00:08:28.220 --> 00:08:30.740


00:08:30.740 --> 00:08:32.550


00:08:32.550 --> 00:08:35.869


00:08:35.869 --> 00:08:37.739


00:08:37.739 --> 00:08:41.740


00:08:41.740 --> 00:08:44.630


00:08:44.630 --> 00:08:46.070


00:08:46.070 --> 00:08:47.905


00:08:47.905 --> 00:08:51.670


00:08:51.670 --> 00:08:54.213


00:08:54.213 --> 00:08:55.863


00:08:56.459 --> 00:09:00.118


00:09:00.118 --> 00:09:03.399 line:1


00:09:03.399 --> 00:09:06.269 line:1


00:09:06.269 --> 00:09:08.424 line:1


00:09:08.424 --> 00:09:09.664 line:1


00:09:10.389 --> 00:09:12.819 line:1


00:09:12.819 --> 00:09:16.890 line:1


00:09:16.890 --> 00:09:19.449


00:09:19.449 --> 00:09:21.340


00:09:21.340 --> 00:09:23.835


00:09:23.835 --> 00:09:27.800


00:09:27.800 --> 00:09:30.663


00:09:31.282 --> 00:09:37.242


00:09:37.242 --> 00:09:43.202


00:09:43.202 --> 00:09:49.202


00:09:49.202 --> 00:09:50.820