[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.52,0:00:03.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hello everyone, welcome\Nto the Langfocus Channel
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.19,0:00:05.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and my name is Paul.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.02,0:00:07.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today's topic is: language death.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.63,0:00:10.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Normally on this channel,\Nwhen I talk about a language,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.20,0:00:11.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's usually a {\i1}living language{\i0}:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.89,0:00:14.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a language that's still spoken\Nby native speakers today
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.77,0:00:17.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and continues to grow and evolve.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.20,0:00:21.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there are also {\i1}dead languages{\i0}\Nand {\i1}extinct languages{\i0}.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.09,0:00:24.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Languages are considered dead when\Nthey simply have no more native speakers,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.83,0:00:27.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though they may continue\Nto be used in some way.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.76,0:00:29.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Latin is dead for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.51,0:00:32.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it continues to be used\Nfor religious purposes
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.01,0:00:34.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for some administrative\Npurposes in the Vatican.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.64,0:00:39.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some people can speak it,\Nbut not naturally like a native language,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.08,0:00:41.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's not passed down\Nas a native language.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.63,0:00:43.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another example is Hebrew,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.49,0:00:46.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was a dead language\Nbefore its revival
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.02,0:00:47.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the form of modern Hebrew.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.92,0:00:50.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nobody spoke it natively for a long time
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.22,0:00:53.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it continued to be used\Nfor religious purposes
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.02,0:00:55.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as a written literary language.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.28,0:00:58.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In contrast,\Nlanguages are considered extinct
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.07,0:01:00.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when no living person can speak them.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.22,0:01:02.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, if the last remaining speaker
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.52,0:01:04.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a Native American language dies
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.58,0:01:06.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and nobody has learned it\Nas a second language,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.94,0:01:09.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then that language becomes extinct.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.08,0:01:12.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Likewise, ancient languages,\Nlike Sumerian, are extinct.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.51,0:01:15.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some people might be able to read\Nancient texts in that language,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.75,0:01:17.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but nobody really uses it today.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.75,0:01:20.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Languages become either dead or extinct
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.22,0:01:21.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a result of {\i1}language death{\i0}.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.73,0:01:24.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Types of language death.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.51,0:01:26.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Languages don't always\Ndie in the same way.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.74,0:01:29.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are various types of language death.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.12,0:01:31.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The most common way\Nthat languages disappear
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.37,0:01:33.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is through {\i1}gradual language death{\i0}.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.25,0:01:35.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This normally happens\Nwhen speakers of one language
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.85,0:01:39.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,come into contact\Nwith a language of higher prestige:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.12,0:01:42.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the language of a dominant,\Nmore powerful group of people.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.06,0:01:45.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That community may remain bilingual\Nfor quite a long time.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.03,0:01:46.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But with each successive generation,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.85,0:01:49.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fewer young people speak\Ntheir traditional language
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.34,0:01:51.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with lower levels of proficiency,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.44,0:01:54.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as they opt to use\Nthe prestige language instead--
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.51,0:01:58.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until one day, their community's\Ntraditional language is no longer spoken.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.32,0:01:59.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An example of this is Cornish,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.95,0:02:02.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which ceased to be spoken\Nby the late 19th century
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.97,0:02:05.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a result of\Nthe growing influence of English
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.45,0:02:09.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also as a result of the perception\Nof Cornish as a lower class language,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.48,0:02:11.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even amongst its own speakers at the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.72,0:02:14.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But Cornish is actually {\i1}not extinct{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.05,0:02:16.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because there are revitalization efforts
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.11,0:02:18.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to encourage people to continue\Nto use that language.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.86,0:02:21.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Next: {\i1}bottom-to-top language death{\i0}.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.61,0:02:23.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In bottom-to-top language death,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.44,0:02:26.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a language ceases to be used\Nas a native spoken language
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.45,0:02:29.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but continues to be used\Nin certain contexts:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.46,0:02:33.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,normally in a formal religious context,\Nor ceremonial context,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.08,0:02:34.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or perhaps for literary purposes.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.93,0:02:37.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In gradual language death,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.46,0:02:40.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the language normally disappears\Nfirst in more formal contexts
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.87,0:02:43.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as its replaced by the prestige language.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.03,0:02:47.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it continues to be spoken in more\Ncasual contexts for a longer time.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.32,0:02:50.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In bottom-to-top language death,\Non the other hand,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.02,0:02:51.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the language dies out {\i1}at the bottom{\i0},
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.80,0:02:53.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in other words, in casual contexts,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.78,0:02:56.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it continues to be used\Nin more formal contexts.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.57,0:02:58.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An example of this is Latin,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.99,0:03:01.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is basically no longer used\Noutside of religious
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.73,0:03:05.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or ceremonial contexts,\Nor perhaps literary contexts.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.70,0:03:08.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Next: {\i1}sudden language death{\i0}.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.14,0:03:10.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sudden language death occurs when all
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.24,0:03:12.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or almost all the speakers of a language
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.39,0:03:16.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,suddenly die as a result\Nof a disaster or violence.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.23,0:03:19.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An example of this took place\Nin the 1830s in Tasmania,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.52,0:03:22.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when virtually all of the island´s\Nnative inhabitants
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.12,0:03:25.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were wiped out by European colonists\Nduring the "Black War."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.98,0:03:29.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Next: {\i1}radical language death{\i0}.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.55,0:03:31.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Similar to sudden language death,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.39,0:03:34.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,radical language death\Nnormally happens very rapidly
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.42,0:03:37.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and normally happens\Nas a result of political repression
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.31,0:03:39.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or under threat of violence.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.37,0:03:42.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The difference is that the language's\Nspeakers are not wiped out,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.53,0:03:44.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but suddenly stop using their own language
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.89,0:03:46.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a way to avoid persecution.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.69,0:03:48.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An example of this occurred in El Salvador
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.94,0:03:51.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,during an uprising in the 1930s,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.10,0:03:54.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when many aboriginals abruptly\Nstopped speaking their native languages
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.86,0:03:56.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a way to avoid being identified
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.87,0:03:58.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as aboriginals and potentially killed.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.94,0:04:02.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two languages that suddenly died out
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.02,0:04:03.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were Lenca and Cacaopera.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.93,0:04:06.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Case studies.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.22,0:04:08.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's look at a few languages\Nthat have already died
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.76,0:04:11.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and see if we can figure out\Nhow they ceased to be spoken.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.71,0:04:13.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Old Church Slavonic
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.26,0:04:16.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Old Church Slavonic\Nis the first attested Slavic language,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.79,0:04:20.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was spoken and written\Nbetween the 9th and 11th centuries.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.04,0:04:22.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was a standardized variety of Slavic
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.48,0:04:24.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was understood by speakers
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.20,0:04:26.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the various Slavic dialects\Nof that time,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.25,0:04:28.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which were still\Nquite similar to each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.64,0:04:29.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those Slavic dialects,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.83,0:04:32.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which were basically the colloquial form\Nof the same language,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.92,0:04:36.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gradually developed into\Nthe different Slavic languages of today.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.78,0:04:40.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because it's still used in some churches\Nfor religious purposes today,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.20,0:04:41.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's a liturgical language,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.93,0:04:46.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it fits in with the category\Nof bottom-to-top language death.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.18,0:04:48.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The newly developing Slavic languages
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.16,0:04:51.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,replaced the old Slavonic dialects\Nas the languages of daily life.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.89,0:04:55.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But Old Church Slavonic continued\Nto be used for religious purposes
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.33,0:04:58.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for a certain amount of time,\Nfor political purposes.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.20,0:05:02.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's worth noting that some\Ndead languages never actually died.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.68,0:05:05.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In both the case\Nof Latin and of Old Slavonic,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.16,0:05:07.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the language never stopped being spoken,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.14,0:05:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it just continued to evolve\Ninto different languages,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.00,0:05:12.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leaving the codified\Nliterary language behind
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.62,0:05:15.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a separate dead language\Nthat was no longer spoken.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.84,0:05:17.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Mandan language.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.72,0:05:20.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2016, a man named Edwin Benson,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.78,0:05:24.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the last remaining speaker\Nof the Mandan language, passed away.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.26,0:05:27.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mandan was a Native American language\Nof the Siouan language family,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.75,0:05:30.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was spoken\Nin the state of North Dakota.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.40,0:05:33.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The population of Mandan speakers\Nwas nearly wiped out
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.49,0:05:35.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by an outbreak of smallpox
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.16,0:05:38.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the 1780s and again in the 1830s.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.18,0:05:40.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The cohesion of the remaining population
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.16,0:05:42.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was limited by government relocation
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.45,0:05:46.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the construction of dams,\Nwhich separated villages from each other,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.17,0:05:48.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while the influence of English grew.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.07,0:05:49.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The fact that most of the population
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.96,0:05:52.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was wiped out\Nin tragic outbreaks of smallpox
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.67,0:05:55.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would place this in the category\Nof sudden language death,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.82,0:05:59.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though some speakers\Nof the language continued to live on.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.06,0:06:02.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Among the remaining speakers,\Nwe can also say that there was an element
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.44,0:06:05.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of gradual language death, as more\Nand more members of that community
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.82,0:06:09.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,began to speak the prestige language,\NEnglish, until one day,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.08,0:06:10.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mandan was no longer spoken.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.86,0:06:11.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Gaulish.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.86,0:06:13.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Up until the 6th century CE,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.97,0:06:17.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a Celtic language called Gaulish\Nwas spoken in what's now France.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.51,0:06:19.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When the Romans conquered the area,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.36,0:06:22.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they made Latin the official\Nlanguage of the state,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.09,0:06:24.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and being able to speak Latin became a way
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.27,0:06:26.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to gain status and economic opportunity.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.85,0:06:28.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For a number of centuries,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.12,0:06:30.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was common to be bilingual\Nin Gaulish vernacular
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.76,0:06:32.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the prestige language Latin,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.61,0:06:35.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until Latin finally\Nreplaced Gaulish entirely.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.52,0:06:38.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a clear case\Nof gradual language death,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.04,0:06:41.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a population gradually gave up\Ntheir traditional language
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.12,0:06:43.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in favor of the prestige language.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.56,0:06:45.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ajawa.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.03,0:06:47.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Between 1920 and 1940,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.41,0:06:49.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Ajawa language died out in Nigeria
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.98,0:06:53.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because its entire community\Nof speakers switched to Hausa
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.21,0:06:55.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for economic and practical reasons.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.74,0:06:59.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The entire community very rapidly\Nstopped using their traditional language
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.57,0:07:02.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was not passed down\Nto the next generation.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.30,0:07:04.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is an example\Nof radical language death,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.73,0:07:07.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when a language dies\Nbecause all of its speakers
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.36,0:07:09.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,suddenly switch to another language.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.56,0:07:11.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In many cases of radical language death,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.78,0:07:14.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the community gives up\Ntheir language for survival
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.66,0:07:15.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the face of violence.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.96,0:07:19.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in this particular case,\Nthey gave up the Ajawa language
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.06,0:07:22.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it was more beneficial\Nfor their community to speak Hausa.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.26,0:07:25.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why should we care about language death?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.43,0:07:28.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some people think\Nthat language death is a good thing,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.05,0:07:30.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that less language diversity\Nis a good thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.58,0:07:32.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, the leaders of some countries
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.63,0:07:35.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,want one language to be dominant\Nand to replace all of the others,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.92,0:07:39.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they think that will\Npromote the unity of their country.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.08,0:07:41.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the other hand,\Na language is part of a culture,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.58,0:07:44.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so when a language dies,\Npart of that culture dies,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.03,0:07:46.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a unique way of seeing\Nthe world dies with it.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.79,0:07:48.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, let's look at the endangered
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.94,0:07:50.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kallawaya language, of Bolivia.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.94,0:07:53.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kallawaya is used\Nby a sect of medicine men,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.76,0:07:57.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who learn the language,\Nnot only to understand the ritual practice
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.02,0:07:59.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and oral tradition of their ancestors,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.17,0:08:02.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also to understand the thousands\Nupon thousands of plant names
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.68,0:08:06.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,specific to the Kallawaya language\Nthat explain the medicinal uses
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.15,0:08:08.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of different plants in the local region.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.26,0:08:09.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If Kallawaya disappears,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.69,0:08:13.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then all of that culture and secret\Nknowledge will disappear with it.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.12,0:08:16.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Linguistic diversity\Nhas been on a steady decline,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.84,0:08:20.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and of the present,\Nnearly 7,000 languages on Earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.24,0:08:22.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nearly half are endangered.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.35,0:08:24.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the top 100 most spoken languages
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.91,0:08:28.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are spoken by 85%\Nof the world's population.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.22,0:08:30.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some endangered languages\Nare finding new life
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.74,0:08:32.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through {\i1}revitalization efforts{\i0},
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.55,0:08:35.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which require that the language\Nfirst be recorded and documented,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.87,0:08:37.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then learned by new speakers,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.74,0:08:41.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also used by an enthusiastic\Nand motivated community.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.74,0:08:44.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And having some political influence\Nwouldn't hurt either.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.63,0:08:46.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Question of the Day:
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.07,0:08:47.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In your country, or in your region,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.90,0:08:51.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are there languages that are in danger\Nof dying or becoming extinct?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.67,0:08:54.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How would you feel about\Nthose languages disappearing?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.21,0:08:55.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Would something important be lost?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.46,0:09:00.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Be sure to follow Langfocus\Non Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.12,0:09:03.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And once again, thank you to all\Nof my wonderful Patreon supporters,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.40,0:09:06.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially my top tier Patreon supporters,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.27,0:09:08.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whose names are on the screen right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.42,0:09:09.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Very many thanks to them.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.39,0:09:12.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the way, on the last video\Nabout Toki Pona,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.82,0:09:16.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of you asked why Toki Pona\Nwas listed on the page of patrons.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.89,0:09:19.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's because the creator\Nof the Toki Pona language
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.45,0:09:21.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been a patron since last summer,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.34,0:09:23.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but preferred not to appear on the list.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.84,0:09:27.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But upon request, I've begun\Nlisting the name of the language instead.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.80,0:09:30.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you for watching,\Nand have a nice day!
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.28,0:09:37.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ (music) ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.24,0:09:43.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ (music) ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.20,0:09:49.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ (music) ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.20,0:09:50.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ (music) ♪