[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.66,0:00:09.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On October 4, 1957,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.55,0:00:12.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the world watched in awe and fear
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.44,0:00:15.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the Soviet Union launched Sputnik,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.13,0:00:17.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the world's first man-made satellite,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.44,0:00:18.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into space.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.43,0:00:20.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This little metal ball,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.98,0:00:23.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,smaller than two feet in diameter,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.07,0:00:24.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,launched a space race
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.86,0:00:27.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between the U.S. and U.S.S.R.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.19,0:00:29.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would last for eighteen years
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.21,0:00:31.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and change the world as we know it.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.91,0:00:34.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sputnik was actually not the first piece
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.04,0:00:36.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of human technology to enter space.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.22,0:00:38.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That superlative goes to the V-2 rocket
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.97,0:00:41.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,used by Germany in missile attacks
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.01,0:00:43.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against Allied cities as a last-ditch effort
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.37,0:00:45.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the final years of World War II.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.75,0:00:47.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It wasn't very effective,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.24,0:00:48.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but, at the end of the war,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.94,0:00:51.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both the U.S. and U.S.S.R. had captured
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.73,0:00:54.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the technology and the scientists that had developed it
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.73,0:00:57.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and began using them for their own projects.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.58,0:00:59.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And by August 1957,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.51,0:01:01.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Soviet's successfully tested
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.25,0:01:05.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the first intercontinental ballistic missile, the R-7,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.07,0:01:06.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the same rocket that would be used
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.66,0:01:09.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to launch Sputnik two months later.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.10,0:01:10.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the scary thing about Sputnik
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.66,0:01:12.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was not the orbiting ball itself,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.56,0:01:14.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the fact that the same technology
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.51,0:01:18.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could be used to launch a nuclear warhead at any city.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.06,0:01:20.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not wanting to fall too far behind,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.12,0:01:22.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,President Eisenhower ordered the Navy
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.16,0:01:23.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to speed up its own project
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.69,0:01:26.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and launch a satellite as soon as possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.72,0:01:29.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, on December 6, 1957,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.73,0:01:31.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,excited people across the nation
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.48,0:01:33.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tuned in to watch the live broadcast
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.72,0:01:37.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the Vanguard TV3 satellite took off
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.35,0:01:40.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and crashed to the ground two seconds later.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.26,0:01:42.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Vanguard failure was a huge embarassment
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.57,0:01:44.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.21,0:01:45.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Newspapers printed headlines like,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.53,0:01:47.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Flopnik" and "Kaputnik".
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.83,0:01:50.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And a Soviet delegate at the U.N. mockingly suggested
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.99,0:01:53.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the U.S. should receive foreign aid
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.07,0:01:55.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for developing nations.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.40,0:01:58.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fortunately, the Army had been working
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.26,0:02:01.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on their own parallel project, The Explorer,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.02,0:02:05.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was successfully launched in January 1958,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.48,0:02:07.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the U.S. had barely managed to catch up
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.55,0:02:09.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before they were surpassed again
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.44,0:02:12.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as Yuri Gargarin became the first man in space
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.36,0:02:15.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in April 1961.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.58,0:02:16.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Almost a year passed
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.73,0:02:18.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and several more Soviet astronauts
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.68,0:02:19.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,completed their missions
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.82,0:02:21.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before Project Mercury succeeded
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.74,0:02:24.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in making John Glenn the first American
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.10,0:02:27.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in orbit in February 1962.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.35,0:02:33.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By this time, President Kennedy had realized
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.49,0:02:34.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that simply catching up
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.74,0:02:37.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to each Soviet advance a few months later
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.23,0:02:38.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wasn't going to cut it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.64,0:02:41.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The U.S. had to do something first,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.15,0:02:44.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in May 1961, a month after Gargarin's flight,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.87,0:02:46.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he announced the goal
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.18,0:02:47.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of putting a man on the moon
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.82,0:02:50.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the end of the 1960s.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.22,0:02:52.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They succeeded in this through the Apollo program
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.96,0:02:55.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with Neil Armstrong taking his famous step
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.44,0:02:58.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on July 20, 1969.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.78,0:03:01.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With both countries' necks turning their attention
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.04,0:03:02.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to orbital space stations,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.85,0:03:04.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's no telling how much longer
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.49,0:03:06.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the space race could have gone on.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.94,0:03:08.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But because of improving relations
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.55,0:03:11.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,negotiated by Soviet Premier Leonid Breshnev
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.32,0:03:13.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and U.S. President Nixon,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.06,0:03:16.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the U.S.S.R. and U.S. moved toward cooperation
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.28,0:03:18.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than competition.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.29,0:03:19.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The successful joint mission,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.100,0:03:21.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,known as Apollo-Soyuz,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.55,0:03:23.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which an American Apollo spacecraft
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.53,0:03:25.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,docked with a Soviet Soyuz craft
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.86,0:03:27.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the two crews met,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.42,0:03:28.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shook hands,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.06,0:03:29.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and exchanged gifts,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.28,0:03:33.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,marked the end of the space race in 1975.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.26,0:03:34.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, in the end, what was the point
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.89,0:03:36.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of this whole space race?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.44,0:03:38.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Was it just a massive waste of time?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.73,0:03:41.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two major superpowers trying to outdo each other
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.05,0:03:42.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by pursuing symbolic projects
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.88,0:03:44.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were both dangerous and expensive,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.89,0:03:46.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using resources that could have been
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.22,0:03:48.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,better spent elsewhere?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.05,0:03:50.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, sure, sort of,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.23,0:03:52.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the biggest benefits of the space program
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.04,0:03:55.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had nothing to do with one country beating another.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.47,0:03:56.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During the space race,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.70,0:03:59.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,funding for research and education, in general,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.35,0:04:00.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,increased dramatically,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.85,0:04:02.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leading to many advances
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.16,0:04:04.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that may not have otherwise been made.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.33,0:04:06.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many NASA technologies developed for space
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.76,0:04:09.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are now widely used in civilian life,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.33,0:04:11.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from memory foam in mattresses
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.08,0:04:12.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to freeze-dried food,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.91,0:04:15.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to LEDs in cancer treatment.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.44,0:04:17.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, of course, the satellites we rely on
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.70,0:04:19.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for our GPS and mobile phone signals
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.89,0:04:20.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would not have been there
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.95,0:04:22.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without the space program.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.62,0:04:23.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of which goes to show
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.89,0:04:26.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the rewards of scientific research and advancement
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.57,0:04:28.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are often far more vast
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.01,0:04:31.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than even the people pursuing them can imagine.