[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On October 4, 1957,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the world watched in awe and fear
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the Soviet Union launched Sputnik,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the world's first man-made satellite,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into space.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This little metal ball,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,smaller than two feet in diameter,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,launched a space race
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between the U.S. and U.S.S.R.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would last for eighteen years
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and change the world as we know it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sputnik was actually not the first piece
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of human technology to enter space.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That superlative goes to the V-2 rocket
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,used by Germany in missile attacks
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against Allied cities
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a last-ditch effort
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the final years of World War II.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It wasn't very effective,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but, at the end of the war,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both the U.S. and U.S.S.R. had captured
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the technology
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the scientists that had developed it
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and began using them for their own projects.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And by August 1957,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Soviet's successfully tested
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the first inter-continental ballistic missile, the R-7,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the same rocket that would be used
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to launch Sputnik two months later.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the scary thing about Sputnik
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was not the orbiting ball itself,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the fact that the same technology
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could be used to launch a nuclear warhead
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at any city.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not wanting to fall too far behind,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,President Eisenhower ordered the Navy
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to speed up its own project
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and launch a satellite as soon as possible.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, on December 6, 1957,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,excited people across the nation
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tuned in to watch the live broadcast
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the Vanguard TV3 satellite took off
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and crashed to the ground two seconds later.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Vanguard failure was a huge embarassment
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the United States.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Newspapers printed headlines like,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Flopnik" and "Kaputnik".
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And a Soviet delegate at the U.N. mockingly suggested
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the U.S. should receive foreign aid
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for developing nations.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fortunately, the Army had been working
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on their own parallel project, "The Explorer,"
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was successfully launched in January 1958,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the U.S. had barely managed to catch up
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before they were surpassed again
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as Yuri Gargarin became the first man in space
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in April 1961.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Almost a year passed
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and several more Soviet astronauts
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,completed their missions
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before Project Mercury succeeded in making
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,John Glenn the first American in orbit in February 1962.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By this time, President Kennedy had realized
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that simply catching up
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to each Soviet advance a few months later
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wasn't going to cut it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The U.S. had to do something first,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in May 1961, a month after Gargarin's flight,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he announced the goal
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of putting a man on the moon
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the end of the 1960s.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They succeeded in this through the Apollo program
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with Neil Armstrong taking his famous step
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on July 20, 1969.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With both countries necks turning their attention
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to orbital space stations,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's no telling how much longer
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the space race could have gone on.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But because of improving relations
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,negotiated by Soviet Premier Leonid Breshnev
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and U.S. President Nixon,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the U.S.S.R. and U.S. moved toward cooperation
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than competition.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The successful joint mission,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,known as Apollo-Soyuz,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which an American Apollo spacecraft
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,docked with a Soviet Soyuz craft
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the two crews met,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shook hands,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and exchanged gifts,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,marked the end of the space race in 1975.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, in the end, what was the point
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of this whole space race?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Was it just a massive waste of time?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two major superpowers trying to outdo each other
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by pursuing symbolic projects
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were both dangerous and expensive,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using resources that could have been
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,better spent elsewhere?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, sure, sort of,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the biggest benefits of the space program
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had nothing to do with one country beating another.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During the space race,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,funding for research and education, in general,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,increased dramatically,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leading to many advances
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that may not have otherwise been made.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many NASA technologies developed for space
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are now widely used in civilian life,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from memory foam in mattresses
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to freeze-dried food,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to LEDs in cancer treatment.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, of course, the satellites we rely on
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for our GPS and mobile phone signals
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would not have been there
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without the space program.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of which goes to show,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the rewards of scientific research and advancement
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are often far more vast
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than even the people pursuing them can imagine.