0:00:00.000,0:00:03.960
There's a lot of misinformation out there[br]about what it means to be a transgender

0:00:03.960,0:00:05.120
but recently,

0:00:05.120,0:00:07.100
Scientists have begun to look into

0:00:07.100,0:00:09.250
the Neurology, Physiology, and [br]Psychology

0:00:09.250,0:00:10.464
behind it.

0:00:10.464,0:00:11.510
So today we're gonna

0:00:11.510,0:00:13.130
break down what [br]Science does know

0:00:13.660,0:00:15.660
in a respectful and educational way

0:00:15.660,0:00:17.660
Hey guys! I'm Gigi Gorgeous and,

0:00:17.940,0:00:19.940
today, I'm here with [br]ASAPScience

0:00:19.940,0:00:21.940
to break down Science [br]of Being Transgender

0:00:21.950,0:00:23.578
Before we get to deep into it,

0:00:23.578,0:00:25.660
we have to look at your genetic sex.

0:00:25.660,0:00:27.780
Or the chromosomes you have.

0:00:27.780,0:00:30.010
These were determine [br]right at fertilization

0:00:30.010,0:00:32.119
When the sperm cell from your father

0:00:32.119,0:00:34.080
which carries an 'X' or a 'Y' chromosome

0:00:34.240,0:00:38.000
fuse with the egg from your mother,[br]which carries an 'X' chromosome.

0:00:38.000,0:00:41.310
But until 6 or 7 weeks [br]after fertilization,

0:00:41.310,0:00:43.040
both 'XY' and 'XX' embryos

0:00:43.040,0:00:44.970
have identical Gonads.

0:00:44.990,0:00:46.210
Around 7 weeks

0:00:46.210,0:00:48.270
the male sex organs start to develop

0:00:48.270,0:00:50.580
because of a gene on 'Y' chromosome

0:00:50.580,0:00:51.620
called 'SRY'

0:00:51.620,0:00:53.680
It causes cells to become more specialized

0:00:53.680,0:00:56.260
and these cells create 'Testosterone'

0:00:56.260,0:00:58.260
which in turn triggers [br]the development

0:00:58.260,0:01:00.370
of structure like the penis & scrotum

0:01:00.370,0:01:01.860
while other cells block female

0:01:01.860,0:01:04.190
development by degenerating[br]the female ducts.

0:01:04.190,0:01:06.020
However, [br]in female development,

0:01:06.020,0:01:07.875
because there is no

0:01:07.875,0:01:09.530
'Y' chromosome[br]with the 'SRY' gene

0:01:09.530,0:01:11.520
These ducts stay intact [br]and become

0:01:11.520,0:01:14.070
the uterus cervix, [br]upper vagina, and the oviduct

0:01:14.070,0:01:17.150
with the help of Estrogen, & [br]chemicals secreted

0:01:17.150,0:01:18.470
by the early kidney.

0:01:18.470,0:01:20.840
but, it's not always[br]that simple,

0:01:20.840,0:01:23.230
there are sometimes even [br]RARE COMBINATIONS

0:01:23.230,0:01:24.565
like 'XXY',

0:01:24.565,0:01:25.755
'XXX'

0:01:25.755,0:01:27.410
'XXYY' etc.

0:01:27.410,0:01:30.000
And even people[br]with 'XX" Chromosomes

0:01:30.000,0:01:32.660
that develop male genitals[br]& characteristics

0:01:32.660,0:01:35.300
due to a piece of the 'Y' [br]chromosome breaking off,

0:01:35.300,0:01:37.670
and switching places to [br]an 'X' chromosome.

0:01:37.670,0:01:40.470
But SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION [br]in a brain, actually

0:01:40.470,0:01:42.990
happens much later [br]than Gonadal Differentiation.

0:01:42.990,0:01:45.460
And yes, [br]although controversial

0:01:45.460,0:01:47.430
Male and Female brains [br]have structural &

0:01:47.430,0:01:50.150
functional differences[br]between each other.

0:01:50.150,0:01:51.630
Studies have found

0:01:51.630,0:01:52.680
that males generally

0:01:52.680,0:01:54.960
have a larger cerebrum[br]cerebellum.

0:01:54.960,0:01:55.990
and hippo campus.

0:01:55.990,0:01:57.120
While females have

0:01:57.350,0:01:59.200
higher density left frontal lobe,

0:01:59.200,0:02:00.690
and larger volumes

0:02:00.920,0:02:02.940
in the right frontal lobe.

0:02:02.940,0:02:05.460
So what exactly do we see [br]when we look at the brain?

0:02:05.460,0:02:06.710
of a transgender person?

0:02:06.710,0:02:08.220
Several studies have shown that

0:02:08.220,0:02:09.580
transgender brains[br]are both

0:02:09.580,0:02:11.570
structurally and functionally

0:02:11.680,0:02:14.080
more similar to their experienced[br]gender identity

0:02:14.120,0:02:15.700
than their biological sex.

0:02:15.700,0:02:17.900
One study found that transwomen who

0:02:17.950,0:02:19.750
despite being assigned male at birth

0:02:19.770,0:02:22.450
had a smaller female size structure[br]in the hypothalamus.

0:02:22.640,0:02:24.960
MRI scans also show the

0:02:24.960,0:02:26.960
brain structures of trans people

0:02:26.960,0:02:28.960
to be more similar in thickness into their

0:02:28.960,0:02:30.960
experienced gender and not their sex.

0:02:30.960,0:02:33.040
Finally, the pheromone[br]Androstadienone

0:02:33.040,0:02:34.480
causes[br]different hypothalamic

0:02:34.480,0:02:36.170
responses in male [br]and female brains

0:02:36.170,0:02:37.450
And, when individuals

0:02:37.450,0:02:39.490
with Gender Dysphoria[br]were exposed to it,

0:02:39.490,0:02:41.570
hypothalamic response

0:02:41.570,0:02:43.070
matches their perceived gender

0:02:43.070,0:02:44.510
rather than their sex.

0:02:44.510,0:02:46.440
These studies help to [br]highlight

0:02:46.440,0:02:48.980
masculinization or [br]feminization

0:02:48.980,0:02:51.340
of the Gonads is not [br]always the same as the brain

0:02:51.340,0:02:53.360
and that there's a difference between

0:02:53.360,0:02:55.200
your sex or your anatomy[br]& gender

0:02:55.200,0:02:56.760
or how you perceived [br]your own body.

0:02:56.760,0:02:57.940
There also seems to be

0:02:57.940,0:03:00.360
a genetic component [br]to transgender identity.

0:03:00.360,0:03:01.820
Looking at family histories

0:03:01.820,0:03:03.310
of gender identity [br]incongruence

0:03:03.310,0:03:04.660
seems to run in the family,

0:03:04.660,0:03:06.360
meaning they maybe inherited

0:03:06.360,0:03:08.360
The 'CYP17' gene which controls

0:03:08.360,0:03:10.360
the body's level of sex hormones

0:03:10.360,0:03:12.660
has a changed allele that is expressed

0:03:12.660,0:03:14.520
frequently in trans man.

0:03:14.520,0:03:16.470
Although, more [br]research could be done,

0:03:16.470,0:03:19.020
scientists are currently[br]at looking over

0:03:19.020,0:03:21.320
3 Million DNA Markers [br]for transgender identity

0:03:21.320,0:03:23.720
to investigate any genetic [br]link for being trans.

0:03:23.820,0:03:25.820
Even though scientific studies

0:03:25.820,0:03:27.920
validate the experience[br]of transgender people

0:03:27.920,0:03:29.820
There's still more suffering from

0:03:29.820,0:03:32.640
depression and anxiety [br]than the general public.

0:03:32.640,0:03:33.820
The risk of suicide

0:03:33.820,0:03:35.820
is more prominent in transgender people

0:03:35.820,0:03:38.280
who have been rejected by their family

0:03:38.280,0:03:40.210
discriminated in their workplace,

0:03:40.210,0:03:41.380
or in health care.

0:03:41.380,0:03:43.100
Sucide risks seems to

0:03:43.100,0:03:45.480
decreased after gender transitioning.

0:03:45.480,0:03:47.480
Suggesting that gender dysphoria can cause

0:03:47.480,0:03:49.480
an extreme amount of emotional pain

0:03:49.480,0:03:51.480
even to the point of suicide.

0:03:51.480,0:03:53.480
If you, a family member, or a friend is

0:03:53.480,0:03:55.480
suffering from gender dysphoria ,

0:03:55.480,0:03:57.440
there are few links in the description

0:03:57.440,0:03:58.460
for more information.

0:03:58.460,0:04:00.830
Thank you so much [br]for being part of this video,

0:04:00.830,0:04:03.010
it means so much and we're happy

0:04:03.010,0:04:04.585
you were here to do this with us.

0:04:04.585,0:04:06.210
GIGI: Ah, thank you guys for using

0:04:06.210,0:04:07.660
your channel, your [br]experiences

0:04:07.660,0:04:09.550
validating transgender[br]with science

0:04:09.550,0:04:11.220
which brings us closer [br]to equality.

0:04:11.220,0:04:12.240
Mitch: Absolutely

0:04:12.240,0:04:14.270
If you guys wanna [br]check out Gigi's Channel

0:04:14.270,0:04:15.960
we'll put links in the [br]description

0:04:15.960,0:04:17.690
or on the screen somewhere[br]Otherwise,

0:04:17.690,0:04:19.380
you can [br]subscribe for Science here

0:04:19.380,0:04:20.290
every week, and [br]we'll see you next time.

0:04:20.290,0:04:21.000
PEACE!