[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.12,0:00:05.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Would you ever forgive a person\Nwho kills a member of your family?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.03,0:00:09.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In September of 2019,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.74,0:00:14.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dallas police officer Amber Guyger\Nwas sentenced for murder,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.56,0:00:19.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then the brother of the victim
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.18,0:00:20.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,forgave her.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.84,0:00:24.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Brandt Jean was 18 years old,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.58,0:00:30.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I joined the rest of the country\Nwatching on television in awe
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.28,0:00:32.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at that act of grace.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.78,0:00:34.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I also worried.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.29,0:00:40.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I worried that people\Nwho are African American like Brandt Jean
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.06,0:00:43.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are expected to forgive\Nmore often than other people.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.80,0:00:48.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I worried that a white\Npolice officer like Amber Guyger
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.56,0:00:50.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,receives a lesser sentence
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.89,0:00:53.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than other people\Nwho commit wrongful killings.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.84,0:00:56.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But because I'm a law professor,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.75,0:01:00.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I also worried about the law itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.76,0:01:06.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The law leans so severely\Ntowards punishment these days
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.68,0:01:09.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it's part of the problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.81,0:01:11.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's what I want to talk about here.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.04,0:01:17.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The powerful example\Nof one individual's forgiveness
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.55,0:01:23.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,makes me worry that lawyers and officials\Ntoo often overlook the tools
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.41,0:01:27.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that law itself creates\Nto allow forgiveness,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.100,0:01:32.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when the principle should be\Nthe cornerstone of a thriving society.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.14,0:01:40.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I worry that lawyers and officials do not\Nadequately use the tools of forgiveness,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.33,0:01:44.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by which I mean letting go\Nof justified grievance.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.99,0:01:46.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And those tools are many.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.31,0:01:51.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They include pardons,\Ncommutations, expungement,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.39,0:01:53.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bankruptcy for debt,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.41,0:01:57.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the discretion that's held\Nby police and prosecutors and judges.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.07,0:02:01.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I also worry -- I worry a lot --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.36,0:02:02.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.41,0:02:08.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I worry these tools, when used,\Nreplicate the disparities,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.83,0:02:12.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the inequities along the lines\Nof race and class and other markers
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.69,0:02:14.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of advantage and disadvantage.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.02,0:02:18.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Biases or privileged access are at work
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.75,0:02:24.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when United States presidents\Npardon people charged with crimes.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.03,0:02:29.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Historically, white people\Nare pardoned four times as often
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.24,0:02:34.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as members of minority groups\Nfor the same crime, same sentence.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.58,0:02:41.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Forgiveness between individuals\Nis supported by every religious tradition,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.49,0:02:43.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every philosophic tradition.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.65,0:02:46.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And medical evidence now shows
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.24,0:02:51.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the health benefits of letting go\Nof grievances and resentments.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.19,0:02:56.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As Nelson Mandela\Nled South Africa's transition
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.82,0:02:58.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from apartheid to democracy,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.53,0:03:00.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he explained,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.31,0:03:06.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Resentment is like drinking a poison\Nand hoping it will kill your enemies."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.35,0:03:12.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Law can remove the penalties for those\Nwho apologize and seek forgiveness.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.80,0:03:16.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, in 39 states\Nin the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.59,0:03:18.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the District of Columbia,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.59,0:03:22.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are laws that allow\Nmedical professionals to apologize
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.18,0:03:23.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when something goes wrong
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.41,0:03:28.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not fear that that statement\Ncould later be used against them
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.06,0:03:30.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in an action for damages.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.09,0:03:35.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,More actively, bankruptcy law\Noffers debtors, under some conditions,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.93,0:03:37.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the chance to start anew.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.20,0:03:42.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pardons and expungements\Nsealing criminal records can, too.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.80,0:03:49.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have been teaching law\Nfor almost 40 years, hard to believe,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.82,0:03:52.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but recently, I realized
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.65,0:03:56.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we don't teach law students\Nabout the tools of forgiveness
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.94,0:03:58.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are within the legal system,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.57,0:04:02.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and nor do law schools\Nusually explore
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.25,0:04:05.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the potential for new\Navenues for forgiveness
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.67,0:04:07.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that law can adopt or assist.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.56,0:04:10.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are lost opportunities.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.69,0:04:13.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are lost obligations, even,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.49,0:04:16.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the students that I teach
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.97,0:04:22.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will become prosecutors, judges,\Ngovernors, presidents.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.06,0:04:25.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Barack Obama, my former student,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.51,0:04:31.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,used his power as the President\Nof the United States to give pardons.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.90,0:04:36.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That released several hundred people\Nfrom prison after the law changed
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.02,0:04:39.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to provide shorter sentences\Nfor the same drug crimes
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.90,0:04:41.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for which they had been convicted.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.58,0:04:45.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if he hadn't used his pardon power,\Nthey would still be in prison.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.75,0:04:50.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Legal tools of forgiveness\Nshould be used more,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.08,0:04:53.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but not without reason and not with bias.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.56,0:04:58.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A "New Yorker" cartoon shows a judge\Nwith a big nose and a big mustache
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.31,0:05:01.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looking down at a defendant\Nwith the exact same nose
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.84,0:05:03.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and exact same mustache
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.33,0:05:05.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and says, "Obviously not guilty."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.77,0:05:07.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.25,0:05:11.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Forgiveness could undermine\Nthe commitment that law has
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.56,0:05:15.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to treat people the same\Nunder the same circumstances,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.80,0:05:17.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to apply rules evenly.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.73,0:05:22.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this age of resentment,\Nmass incarceration,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.20,0:05:24.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,widespread consumer debt,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.80,0:05:29.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need more forgiveness,\Nbut we need a philosophy of forgiveness.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.21,0:05:31.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to forgive fairly.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.93,0:05:37.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Contrast the treatment globally\Nof child soldiers
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.42,0:05:41.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the treatment of juvenile\Noffenders in the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.07,0:05:45.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,International human rights\Ncondemn and punish adults
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.67,0:05:48.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who involve children in armed conflict
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.39,0:05:50.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as those most responsible,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.44,0:05:54.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but treat the children themselves\Nquite differently.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.64,0:05:56.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The International Criminal Court,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.73,0:06:00.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now with 122 member nations,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.14,0:06:04.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,convicted Thomas Lubanga, warlord\Nin the [Democratic Republic of the] Congo,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.73,0:06:11.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for enlisting, recruiting and deploying\Nchildren, teens, as soldiers.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.10,0:06:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many nations commit to ensuring\Nthat people under the age of 15
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.02,0:06:18.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,do not become child soldiers,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.95,0:06:23.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and most nations treat those\Nwho do become soldiers
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.26,0:06:25.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not as objects of punishment
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.61,0:06:28.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but as people deserving a fresh start.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.90,0:06:34.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Compare and contrast how the United States\Ntreats juvenile offenders,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.74,0:06:37.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we severely punish minors,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.20,0:06:41.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,often moving them to adult courts,\Neven adult prisons.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.28,0:06:44.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And yet, like child soldiers,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.09,0:06:48.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,teens and children are drawn\Ninto violent activity in the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.79,0:06:50.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when there are few options,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.98,0:06:52.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they are threatened
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.26,0:06:56.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or when adults induce them\Nwith money or ideology.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.45,0:07:03.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The rhetoric of innocence is resonant\Nwhen we talk about child soldiers,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.65,0:07:08.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but not when we talk about\Nteen gang members in the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.88,0:07:13.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet in both settings, youth are caught\Nin worlds that are made by adults,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.11,0:07:16.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and forgiveness can offer\Nboth accountability and fresh starts.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.91,0:07:23.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if, instead, young people\Ncaught in criminal activity and violence
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.09,0:07:26.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could have chances\Nto accept responsibility
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.70,0:07:31.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while learning and rebuilding their lives\Nand their own communities?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.41,0:07:36.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Legal frameworks inviting youth\Nto describe their conduct
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.14,0:07:39.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could also involve community members\Nto hear and forgive.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.36,0:07:42.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Called "restorative justice,"
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.03,0:07:46.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such efforts emphasize\Naccountability and service
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.42,0:07:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than punishment.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.28,0:07:54.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many schools in the United States have\Nturned to use restorative justice methods
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.46,0:07:57.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to resolve conflicts and to prevent them,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.65,0:08:00.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to disrupt\Nthe school-to-prison pipeline.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.47,0:08:05.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some American high schools\Nhave replaced automatic suspensions
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.43,0:08:08.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with opportunities for victims\Nto narrate their experiences
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.02,0:08:12.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for offenders to take\Nresponsibility for their actions.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.80,0:08:17.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As they describe their experiences\Nand feelings about a theft
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.46,0:08:21.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or hateful graffiti or a verbal\Nor physical assault,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.80,0:08:25.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the victims and offenders\Noften express strong emotions.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.01,0:08:28.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And other members\Nof the community take turns
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.64,0:08:31.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,describing the impact\Nof the offense on them.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.68,0:08:38.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The leader is often a student peer,\Nwho is trained to deescalate the conflict
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.83,0:08:42.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and orchestrate a conversation\Nabout what the offender can do
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.93,0:08:44.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would help the victim.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.72,0:08:48.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Together, they come to an agreement\Nabout how to move forward,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.56,0:08:51.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what the wrongdoer can do\Nto repair the injury,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.53,0:08:55.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what all could do\Nto better avoid future conflicts.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.45,0:08:59.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Consider this example,\Nrecently in a publication.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.36,0:09:04.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A young woman named Mercedes M.\Ntransferred, in California,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.100,0:09:06.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from one high school to another
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.79,0:09:10.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after she was so repeatedly suspended\Nin her old high school
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.32,0:09:11.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for getting into fights.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.34,0:09:14.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here in her new high school,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.93,0:09:19.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,two other young women accused her of lying
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.55,0:09:22.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and called her the b-word.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.32,0:09:27.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A counselor came over and talked to her\Nand earned enough trust
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.07,0:09:32.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that she acknowledged she had stolen\Nthe shoes of one of the other classmates.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.10,0:09:36.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Turns out, the three of them\Nhad known each other for a long time,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.29,0:09:39.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they didn't know any other way\Nto deal with each other
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.07,0:09:40.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,other than to fight.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.94,0:09:45.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The facilitator invited them\Nto participate in a circle,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.51,0:09:47.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a confidential conversation\Nabout what happened,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.83,0:09:49.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they agreed.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.14,0:09:53.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And initially, each of them\Nexpressed a lot of emotion.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.11,0:09:57.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then Mercedes apologized.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.55,0:10:01.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And she said she had stolen the shoes
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.19,0:10:04.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but she did so because\Nshe wanted to sell them
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.79,0:10:09.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and take the money to pay for a drug test
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.16,0:10:12.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that her mother\Ncould show she was clean
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.39,0:10:15.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and try to regain custody\Nof two younger children
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.91,0:10:18.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who were then in state protective care.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.83,0:10:23.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The other girls heard this,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.25,0:10:24.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,saw Mercedes crying,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.66,0:10:25.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they hugged her.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.93,0:10:29.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They did not ask her\Nto return what she'd stolen,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.65,0:10:32.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they did say they wanted a restart.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.25,0:10:34.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They wanted a reason they could trust her.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.57,0:10:36.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Later, Mercedes explained
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.83,0:10:39.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that she was sure she would\Nhave been suspended
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.19,0:10:40.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if they hadn't had this process.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.82,0:10:44.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And her high school has reduced\Nsuspensions by more than half
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.58,0:10:47.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through the use of this kind\Nof restorative justice method.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.94,0:10:53.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Restorative justice alternatives\Ninvolve offenders and victims
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.26,0:10:54.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in communicating in ways
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.86,0:10:58.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that an adversarial and defensive\Nprocess does not allow,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.16,0:11:00.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's become the go-to method
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.01,0:11:04.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in places like the District of Columbia\Njuvenile justice system
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.75,0:11:08.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and innovations like\NLos Angeles's Teen Court.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.83,0:11:12.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If tuned to fairness,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.100,0:11:16.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,forgiveness methods like bankruptcy\Nwould be available
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.83,0:11:21.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not only for the for-profit college\Nthat goes belly-up
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.31,0:11:24.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also for the students\Nstuck with the loans;
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.89,0:11:27.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pardons would not be given\Nto campaign contributors;
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.73,0:11:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and black men would no longer have\N20 percent longer criminal sentences
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.02,0:11:34.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than do white men,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.28,0:11:37.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,due to how judges exercise discretion.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.45,0:11:43.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Forgiveness across the board\Nis one way to avoid such biases.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.04,0:11:48.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes, a society just needs a reset
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.40,0:11:50.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it comes to punishment and debt.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.38,0:11:56.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Bible calls for periodic\Nforgiveness of debts
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.34,0:11:58.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and freeing prisoners,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.65,0:12:02.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it recently helped to inspire\Na global movement.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.92,0:12:07.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jubilee 2000 joined Pope John Paul II
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.16,0:12:09.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and rock star Bono and over 60 nations
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.86,0:12:14.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in an effort to seek the cancellation\Nand succeed in canceling
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.76,0:12:17.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the debt of developing countries,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.06,0:12:20.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,amounting to over 100 billion dollars
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.11,0:12:21.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of debt canceled,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.96,0:12:27.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,resulting in measurable\Nreduction in poverty.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.75,0:12:32.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In a similar spirit, there are people\Nwho are copying the techniques
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.03,0:12:33.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of commercial debt collectors
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.55,0:12:36.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who purchase debt\Nfor pennies on the dollar
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.55,0:12:38.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then seek to enforce it.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.67,0:12:43.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Late-night television host John Oliver\Npartnered with a nonprofit group
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.52,0:12:46.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called RIP Medical Debt,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.77,0:12:50.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for only 60,000 dollars,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.31,0:12:55.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they purchased 15 million dollars'\Nworth of medical debt,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.17,0:12:56.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then they forgave it.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.12,0:13:02.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.47,0:13:10.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That allowed nearly 9,000 people\Nto have a restart in their lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.100,0:13:15.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This kind of precedent should trigger\Nand encourage more such actions.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.54,0:13:17.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's time for a reset,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.54,0:13:19.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,given mass incarceration,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.45,0:13:21.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,medical and consumer debt
Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.69,0:13:24.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and given indigent criminal defendants
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.46,0:13:26.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are charged and put in debt
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.95,0:13:30.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they're expected to pay\Nfor their own probation officers
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.55,0:13:32.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and their own electronic monitors.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:34.34,0:13:36.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Forgiving violations of law
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.59,0:13:38.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or promises to pay back loans
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.01,0:13:40.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,does pose risks.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.22,0:13:43.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Forgiveness may encourage more violations.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.82,0:13:45.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Economists even have a name for it.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.01,0:13:48.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They call it "moral hazard."
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.51,0:13:53.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Should there be amnesty\Nfor immigration violations?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.22,0:13:56.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Should a president offer pardons\Nto protect himself
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.70,0:13:58.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or to induce lawbreaking?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:59.04,0:14:01.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are tough questions for our time.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.93,0:14:06.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But escalating resentments\Nhold their own dangers.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.91,0:14:10.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So does attributing blame to individuals
Dialogue: 0,0:14:10.12,0:14:13.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for circumstances largely outside\Ntheir own control.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.48,0:14:21.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To ask how law may forgive\Nis not to deny the fact of wrongdoing.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.35,0:14:24.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rather, it's to widen the lens,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.57,0:14:27.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to enable glimpses of the larger patterns
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.99,0:14:31.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to enable new choices\Nthat can go forward
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.90,0:14:34.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we can wipe the slate clean.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.94,0:14:36.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.68,0:14:40.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)