[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.95,0:00:07.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Forest noises)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.68,0:00:11.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the summer of 2011,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.89,0:00:13.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a tourist,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.63,0:00:17.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I visited the rainforests of Borneo\Nfor the very first time,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.24,0:00:19.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as you might imagine,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.64,0:00:24.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was the overwhelming sounds\Nof the forest that struck me the most.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.91,0:00:27.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's this constant cacophony of noise.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.72,0:00:30.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some things actually do stick out.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.14,0:00:34.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, this here is a big bird,\Na rhinoceros hornbill.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.56,0:00:38.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This buzzing is a cicada.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.93,0:00:42.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a family of gibbons.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.05,0:00:46.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's actually singing to each other\Nover a great distance.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.34,0:00:50.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The place where this was recorded\Nwas in fact a gibbon reserve,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.33,0:00:52.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is why you can hear so many of them,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.37,0:00:53.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in fact,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.98,0:00:57.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the most important noise that was coming\Nout of the forest that time
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.30,0:00:58.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was one that I didn't notice,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.83,0:01:01.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in fact, nobody there\Nhad actually noticed it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.37,0:01:04.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, as I said, this was a gibbon reserve.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.36,0:01:07.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They spend most of their time\Nrehabilitating gibbons,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.17,0:01:09.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they also have\Nto spend a lot of their time
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.73,0:01:13.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,protecting their area from illegal logging\Nthat takes place on the side,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.42,0:01:15.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so if we take the sound of the forest
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.47,0:01:19.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we actually turn down the gibbons,\Nthe insects, and the rest,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.02,0:01:22.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the background, the entire time,\Nin recordings you heard,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.69,0:01:26.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was the sound of a chainsaw\Nat great distance.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.40,0:01:30.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They had three full time guards\Nwho were posted around this sanctuary
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.40,0:01:34.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whose job was in fact\Nto guard against illegal logging,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.60,0:01:38.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and one day, we went walking,\Nagain as tourists, out into the forest,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.06,0:01:40.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and within five minutes' walk,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.31,0:01:43.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we stumbled upon somebody\Nwho was just sawing a tree down,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.69,0:01:46.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,five minutes' walk, a few hundred meters\Nfrom the ranger station.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.95,0:01:49.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They hadn't been able\Nto hear the chainsaws,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.01,0:01:52.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because as you heard,\Nthe forest is very, very loud.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.83,0:01:54.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It struck me as quite unacceptable,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.92,0:01:56.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right, that in this modern time,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.74,0:01:59.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just a few hundred meters\Naway from a ranger station,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.33,0:02:01.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a sanctuary,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.66,0:02:05.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that in fact no one could hear\Nsomeone who had a chainsaw fired up.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.02,0:02:06.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, it sounds impossible,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.72,0:02:09.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in fact, it was quite true.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.69,0:02:11.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how do we stop illegal logging?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.52,0:02:15.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's really tempting, as an engineer,\Nalways to come up with a high-tech,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.05,0:02:16.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,super-crazy high-tech solution,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.71,0:02:18.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in fact, you're in the rainforest.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.66,0:02:21.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has to be simple,\Nit has to be scalable,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.04,0:02:24.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so in fact, what we also noticed\Nwhile were there was that
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.05,0:02:26.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everything we needed was already there.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.37,0:02:29.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We could build a system\Nthat would allow us to stop this
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.12,0:02:31.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using what's already there.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.41,0:02:33.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who was there? What was \Nalready in the forest?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.64,0:02:34.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, we had people.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.79,0:02:38.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We had this group there that was \Ndedicated, three full-time guards,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.07,0:02:39.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was dedicated to go and stop it,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.85,0:02:42.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they just needed to know\Nwhat was happening out in the forest.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.96,0:02:44.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The real surprise, this is the big one,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.85,0:02:47.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was that there was connectivity\Nout in the forest.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.24,0:02:50.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was cell phone service\Nway out in the middle of nowhere.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.15,0:02:53.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're talking hundreds of kilometers\Nfrom the nearest road,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.08,0:02:56.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's certainly no electricity,\Nbut they had very good cell phone service,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.65,0:02:59.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these people in the towns\Nwere on Facebook all the time,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.28,0:03:01.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're surfing the web on their phones,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.23,0:03:04.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this sort of got me thinking\Nthat in fact it would be possible
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.34,0:03:06.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to use the sounds of the forest,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.49,0:03:08.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pick up the sounds \Nof chainsaws programmatically,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.89,0:03:10.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because people can't hear them,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.53,0:03:12.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and send an alert.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.22,0:03:14.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you have to have a device\Nto go up in the trees.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.80,0:03:18.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if we can use some device\Nto listen to the sounds of the forest,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.45,0:03:20.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,connect to the cell phone\Nnetwork that's there,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.69,0:03:22.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and send an alert to people on the ground,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.72,0:03:26.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perhaps we could have a solution\Nto this issue for them.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.27,0:03:29.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in fact, let's take a moment\Nto talk about saving the rainforest,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.55,0:03:33.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's something that we've\Ndefinitely all heard about forever.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.39,0:03:36.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People in my generation\Nhave heard about saving the rainforest
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.31,0:03:38.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since we were kids,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.21,0:03:40.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it seems that the message\Nhas never changed.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.46,0:03:42.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've got to save the rainforest,\Nit's super urgent,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.98,0:03:45.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this many football fields\Nhave been destroyed yesterday,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.69,0:03:48.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and yet here we are today,\Nabout half of the rainforest remains,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.99,0:03:53.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we have potentially more urgent \Nproblems like climate change.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.32,0:03:57.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in fact, this is the little-known fact\Nthat I didn't realize at the time,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.23,0:04:00.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,deforestation accounts \Nfor more greenhouse gas
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.19,0:04:04.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than all of the world's planes,\Ntrains, cars, trucks, and ships combined.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.23,0:04:06.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the second-highest contributor\Nto climate change.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.94,0:04:09.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also, according to Interpol,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.78,0:04:13.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as much as 90 percent of the logging\Nthat takes place in the rainforest
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.31,0:04:15.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is illegal logging,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.19,0:04:17.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the illegal logging that we saw.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.09,0:04:21.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if we can help people in the forest\Nenforce the rules that are there,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.13,0:04:25.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then in fact we could eat heavily\Ninto this 17 percent
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.06,0:04:27.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and potentially have a major impact\Nin the short term.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.67,0:04:32.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It might just be the cheapest,\Nfastest way to fight climate change.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.83,0:04:34.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so here's the system that we imagine.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.83,0:04:36.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It looks super high tech.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.02,0:04:38.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The moment a sound of a chainsaw\Nis heard in the forest,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.66,0:04:40.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the device picks up the sound\Nof the chainsaw,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.83,0:04:44.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sends an alert through the standard\NGSM network that's already there
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.44,0:04:46.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a ranger in the field
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.52,0:04:49.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who can in fact show up in real time\Nand stop the logging.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.34,0:04:53.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's no more about going out\Nand finding a tree that's been cut.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.25,0:04:56.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not about seeing a tree from\Na satellite area that's been clear cut,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.87,0:04:58.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's about real time intervention.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.67,0:05:02.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I said it was the cheapest\Nand fastest way to do it,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.39,0:05:05.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in fact, actually, as you saw,\Nthey weren't able to do it,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.32,0:05:07.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it may not be so cheap and fast.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.20,0:05:10.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if the devices in the trees\Nwere actually cell phones,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.64,0:05:12.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it could be pretty cheap.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.19,0:05:14.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cell phones are thrown away\Nby the hundreds of millions
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.97,0:05:16.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every year,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.46,0:05:18.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hundreds of millions in the U.S. alone,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.60,0:05:21.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not counting the rest of the world,\Nwhich of course we should do,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.78,0:05:24.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in fact, cell phones are great.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.31,0:05:25.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're full of sensors.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.64,0:05:27.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can listen\Nto the sounds of the forest.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.80,0:05:29.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We do have to protect them.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.18,0:05:31.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to put them in this box\Nthat you see here,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.58,0:05:33.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we do have to power them.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.15,0:05:35.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Powering them is one of the greater\Nengineering challenges
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.92,0:05:37.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we had to deal with,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.22,0:05:39.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because powering a cell phone\Nunder a tree canopy,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.97,0:05:42.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,any sort of solar power\Nunder a tree canopy,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.22,0:05:44.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was an as-yet-unsolved problem,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.03,0:05:46.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's this unique\Nsolar panel design that you see here,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.89,0:05:51.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which in fact is built also from recycled\Nbyproducts of industrial process.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.20,0:05:53.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are strips that are cut down.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.83,0:05:57.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is me putting it all together
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.34,0:05:59.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in my parents' garage, actually.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.22,0:06:01.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks very much to them\Nfor allowing me to do that.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.79,0:06:06.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As you can see,\Nthis is a device up in a tree.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.15,0:06:09.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What you can see from here, perhaps,\Nis that they are pretty well obscured
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.73,0:06:11.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,up in the tree canopy at a distance.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.54,0:06:15.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's important, because although\Nthey are able to hear chainsaw noises
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.01,0:06:16.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,up to a kilometer in the distance,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.78,0:06:19.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,allowing them to cover\Nabout three square kilometers,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.30,0:06:22.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if someone were to take them,\Nit would make the area unprotected.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.28,0:06:26.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So does it actually work?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.03,0:06:29.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, to test it,\Nwe took it back to Indonesia,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.01,0:06:31.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not the same place, but another place,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.12,0:06:32.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to another gibbon reserve
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.79,0:06:35.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was threatened daily\Nby illegal logging.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.50,0:06:40.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the very second day, it picked up\Nillegal chainsaw noises.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.42,0:06:42.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were able to get a real time alert.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.62,0:06:43.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I got an email on my phone.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.97,0:06:47.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually, we had just climbed the tree.\NEveryone had just gotten back down.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.69,0:06:49.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All these guys are smoking cigarettes,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.93,0:06:52.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then I get an email,\Nand they all quiet down,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.78,0:06:54.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in fact you can hear the chainsaw
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.89,0:06:56.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really, really faint in the background,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.82,0:06:59.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but no one had noticed it \Nuntil that moment.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.12,0:07:02.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so then we took off\Nto actually stop these loggers.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.40,0:07:03.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was pretty nervous.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.90,0:07:08.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the moment where we've actually\Narrived close to where the loggers are.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.13,0:07:11.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the moment where you can see\Nwhere I'm actually regretting, perhaps,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.91,0:07:12.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the entire endeavor.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.94,0:07:15.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not really sure what's on\Nthe other side of this hill.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.84,0:07:17.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That guy's much braver than I am.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.95,0:07:22.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But he went, and I had to go, walking up,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.13,0:07:24.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in fact, he made it over the hill,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.29,0:07:27.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and interrupted the loggers in the act.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.53,0:07:29.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For them, it was such a surprise
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.19,0:07:31.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,-- they had never, ever\Nbeen interrupted before --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.57,0:07:33.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it was such an impressive\Nevent for them,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.73,0:07:36.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we've heard from our partners\Nthey have not been back since.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.85,0:07:38.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were, in fact, great guys.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.34,0:07:40.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They showed us how\Nthe entire operation works,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.52,0:07:43.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what they really convinced us\Non the spot was that
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.10,0:07:45.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you can show up\Nin real time and stop people,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.34,0:07:46.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's enough of a deterrent
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.81,0:07:49.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they won't come back.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.53,0:07:51.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.08,0:07:56.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you. (Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.59,0:08:01.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Word of this spread, possibly\Nbecause we told a lot of people,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.44,0:08:04.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in fact, then some really\Namazing stuff started to happen.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.88,0:08:08.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People from around the world\Nstarted to send us emails, phone calls.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.55,0:08:10.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we saw was that people\Nthroughout Asia,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.64,0:08:13.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people throughout Africa,\Npeople throughout South America,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.52,0:08:15.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they told us that they could use it too,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.49,0:08:17.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what's important, what we'd found
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.29,0:08:19.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we thought might be exceptional,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.07,0:08:21.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the forest there was\Npretty good cell phone service.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.65,0:08:23.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was not exceptional, we were told,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.52,0:08:27.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that particularly is on the periphery\Nof the forests that are most under threat.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.47,0:08:29.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then something really amazing happened
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.77,0:08:33.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was that people started sending us\Nthere own old cell phones.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.25,0:08:35.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in fact what we have now is a system
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.20,0:08:38.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we can use people on the ground,\Npeople who are already there,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.54,0:08:41.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who can both improve\Nand use the existing connectivity,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.61,0:08:44.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're using old cell phones\Nthat are being sent to us
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.29,0:08:45.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by people from around the world
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.78,0:08:49.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that want their phones to be doing\Nsomething else in their afterlife,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.07,0:08:49.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so to speak.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.83,0:08:52.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if the rest of the device\Ncan be completely recycled,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.76,0:08:55.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then we believe it's\Nan entirely up-cycle device.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.47,0:08:59.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So again, this didn't come\Nbecause of any high-tech solution.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.12,0:09:01.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It just came from using\Nwhat's already there,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.44,0:09:04.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm thoroughly convinced\Nthat if it's not phones,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.29,0:09:06.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there's always\Ngoing to be enough there
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.66,0:09:08.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you can build similar solutions
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.47,0:09:10.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can be very effective\Nin new contexts.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.54,0:09:12.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.68,0:09:17.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)