WEBVTT 00:00:08.159 --> 00:00:13.699 Lord Shiva— primordial destroyer of evil, slayer of demons, 00:00:13.699 --> 00:00:17.209 protector, and omniscient observer of the universe— 00:00:17.209 --> 00:00:19.969 was testing his wife’s patience. NOTE Paragraph 00:00:19.969 --> 00:00:25.284 Historically, the union between Shiva and Parvati was a glorious one. 00:00:25.284 --> 00:00:29.004 They maintained the equilibrium between thought and action 00:00:29.004 --> 00:00:31.865 on which the well-being of the world depended. 00:00:31.865 --> 00:00:37.525 Without Parvati as the agent of energy, growth, and transformation on Earth, 00:00:37.525 --> 00:00:42.914 Shiva would become a detached observer, and the world would remain static. 00:00:42.914 --> 00:00:48.092 But together, the two formed a divine union known as Ardhanarishvara–– 00:00:48.092 --> 00:00:49.842 a sacred combination 00:00:49.842 --> 00:00:54.121 which brought fertility and connection to all living things. NOTE Paragraph 00:00:54.121 --> 00:00:57.781 For these reasons, Parvati was worshipped far and wide 00:00:57.781 --> 00:00:59.992 as the mother of the natural world–– 00:00:59.992 --> 00:01:04.768 and the essential counterpart to Shiva’s powers of raw creation. 00:01:04.768 --> 00:01:07.948 She oversaw humanity’s material comforts; 00:01:07.948 --> 00:01:12.176 and ensured that the Earth’s inhabitants were bonded to each other 00:01:12.176 --> 00:01:15.682 physically, emotionally, and spiritually. NOTE Paragraph 00:01:15.682 --> 00:01:19.886 Yet a rift had grown between these two formidable forces. 00:01:19.886 --> 00:01:24.497 While Parvati sustained daily life with care and control, 00:01:24.497 --> 00:01:28.497 Shiva had begun to belittle his wife’s essential work— 00:01:28.497 --> 00:01:32.497 and insisted on quarreling about their roles in the universe. 00:01:32.497 --> 00:01:35.417 He believed that Brahma, the Creator of the world, 00:01:35.417 --> 00:01:40.106 had conceived the material plane purely for his own fancy. 00:01:40.106 --> 00:01:44.766 And therefore, all material things were merely distractions called māyā— 00:01:44.766 --> 00:01:47.416 nothing but a cosmic illusion. NOTE Paragraph 00:01:47.416 --> 00:01:51.076 For millennia Parvati had merely smiled knowingly 00:01:51.076 --> 00:01:54.196 as Shiva dismissed the things she nurtured. 00:01:54.196 --> 00:01:56.186 But upon His latest rebuke, 00:01:56.186 --> 00:01:59.660 she knew she had to prove the importance of her work 00:01:59.660 --> 00:02:01.051 once and for all. 00:02:01.051 --> 00:02:03.281 She took flight from the world, 00:02:03.281 --> 00:02:07.537 withdrawing her half of the cosmic energy that kept the Earth turning. NOTE Paragraph 00:02:07.537 --> 00:02:13.177 At her disappearance, a sudden, terrifying and all-encompassing scarcity 00:02:13.177 --> 00:02:16.238 enveloped the world in eerie silence. 00:02:16.238 --> 00:02:19.798 Without Parvati, the land became dry and barren. 00:02:19.798 --> 00:02:22.720 Rivers shrank and crops shriveled in the fields. 00:02:22.720 --> 00:02:25.160 Hunger descended on humanity. 00:02:25.161 --> 00:02:28.261 Parents struggled to console their starving children 00:02:28.261 --> 00:02:30.171 while their own stomachs rumbled. 00:02:30.171 --> 00:02:34.498 With nothing to eat, people no longer gathered over heaped bowls of rice, 00:02:34.498 --> 00:02:37.808 but withdrew and shrank from the darkening world. NOTE Paragraph 00:02:37.808 --> 00:02:39.538 To His shock and awe, 00:02:39.538 --> 00:02:44.746 Shiva also felt the profound emptiness left by his wife’s absence. 00:02:44.746 --> 00:02:46.896 Despite His supreme power, 00:02:46.896 --> 00:02:51.183 He too realized that He was not immune to the need for sustenance, 00:02:51.183 --> 00:02:54.924 and His yearning felt bottomless and unbearable. 00:02:54.924 --> 00:02:57.804 As Shiva despaired over the desolate Earth, 00:02:57.804 --> 00:03:00.184 He came to realize that the material world 00:03:00.184 --> 00:03:03.294 could not be so easily dismissed. NOTE Paragraph 00:03:03.294 --> 00:03:05.063 At her husband’s epiphany, 00:03:05.063 --> 00:03:08.262 the compassionate Parvati could no longer stand by 00:03:08.262 --> 00:03:11.122 and watch her devotees wasting away. 00:03:11.122 --> 00:03:13.702 To walk among them and restore their health, 00:03:13.702 --> 00:03:16.432 she took the form of a new avatar, 00:03:16.432 --> 00:03:22.155 carrying a golden bowl of porridge and armed with a jewel-encrusted ladle. 00:03:22.155 --> 00:03:24.905 As word of this hopeful figure spread, 00:03:24.905 --> 00:03:29.189 she was worshipped as Annapurna, the Goddess of food. NOTE Paragraph 00:03:29.189 --> 00:03:33.610 With the arrival of Annapurna, the world blossomed anew. 00:03:33.610 --> 00:03:39.000 People rejoiced at fertility and food, and communed together to give thanks. 00:03:39.000 --> 00:03:43.629 Some believe that Annapurna first appeared in the sacred city of Kashi, 00:03:43.629 --> 00:03:46.729 or the Place of Freedom, on the banks of the Ganges— 00:03:46.729 --> 00:03:50.034 where she opened a kitchen to fill the bellies of the people 00:03:50.034 --> 00:03:52.124 until they could eat no more. NOTE Paragraph 00:03:52.124 --> 00:03:56.124 But it was not only mere mortals who were served at her feast. 00:03:56.124 --> 00:04:00.733 Humbled at the scenes of earthly pleasure blooming all around him, 00:04:00.733 --> 00:04:04.733 Lord Shiva himself approached the goddess with an empty bowl 00:04:04.733 --> 00:04:07.393 and begged for food and forgiveness. 00:04:07.393 --> 00:04:12.013 For this reason, the supreme deity is sometimes portrayed as a poor beggar 00:04:12.013 --> 00:04:14.143 at the mercy of Annapurna; 00:04:14.143 --> 00:04:19.406 holding her golden bowl in her left hand, while the right forms the abhaya mudra–– 00:04:19.406 --> 00:04:22.296 a gesture of safety and assurance. NOTE Paragraph 00:04:22.296 --> 00:04:26.180 With these symbols, this powerful avatar makes it clear 00:04:26.180 --> 00:04:29.830 that the material world is anything but an illusion. 00:04:29.830 --> 00:04:33.010 Rather, it is a cycle of life that must be sustained— 00:04:33.010 --> 00:04:36.320 from the feeding of open mouths and rumbling bellies, 00:04:36.320 --> 00:04:39.520 to the equilibrium of the Earth.