WEBVTT 00:00:00.961 --> 00:00:05.658 [ominous music] (Leonardo DiCaprio) Ancient life on earth. 00:00:05.658 --> 00:00:10.861 Over millions of years plants and animals lived and died. 00:00:10.861 --> 00:00:16.095 That decomposed life sunk deep into the ground, and as a result, 00:00:16.095 --> 00:00:21.611 an ancient menace was created...fossil fuels. 00:00:21.611 --> 00:00:27.836 Black oil, coal, and gas, have created modern society as we know it. 00:00:27.836 --> 00:00:33.484 This ancient sunlight unleashed global industrial power on a scale 00:00:33.484 --> 00:00:37.051 never before witnessed in the history of the planet. 00:00:37.051 --> 00:00:41.253 But when burnt into the atmosphere, carbon causes climate change. 00:00:41.253 --> 00:00:46.001 Ninety-seven percent of climate scientists agree that climate change 00:00:46.001 --> 00:00:49.690 is happening now and is caused by human activity. 00:00:49.690 --> 00:00:54.304 However, the fossil fuel industry continues to pull that carbon out of the ground. 00:00:54.304 --> 00:00:59.127 They drill, they extract, making trillions of dollars. 00:00:59.127 --> 00:01:04.804 They frack, they mine, earning astronomical profits. 00:01:04.804 --> 00:01:09.486 We need to keep this carbon in the ground. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 In order to prevent a catastrophic warming of the planet by 2 degrees Celsius, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 we cannot burn more than 500 gigatons of carbon into the atmosphere. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 But the fossil fuel industry has access to five times more than that. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Almost twenty-eight-hundred gigatons of carbon pollution is ready to be pulled out of the ground, sold, and burned. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 We must fight to keep this carbon in the ground., and it is possible. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 - People are ready for conversation. They're ready to understand that carbon pollution is causing this challenge, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And that there is a simple solution. Put a price on carbon pollution. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 In the United States we spend $110 billion federal dollars on climate change events. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 That's about $300 a person in tax dollars. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 - But which certainly need a price on carbon pollution. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Right now it's a free good and we're using the atmosphere as a sewer and that has a real cost. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And that cost should be reflected in the cost of carbon pollution. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 - In the '50s in London, based on the industrial revolution, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 there was so much pollution, as you see in Beijing and around China today, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that you actually couldn't see six straight feet in front of you. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 They put a price on pollution, and it changed. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 - You have to put a price on carbon, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and that can either happen by carbon trading or through a carbon tax. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 There's a moral imperative there, but there's also a business imperative. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 - Senator Boxer and I have introduced legislation to do just that. We are going 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to do it in a way that impacts fewer than 3,000 of the most significant 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 fossil fuel polluters in the country. And the reason you do it , is people should not have 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 the " freedom" to destroy the planet. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 They cannot continue to be able to do that with impunity. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 - The government has been subsidizing energy for decades 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to the tune now of a trillion dollars a year. We need to redirect these subsidies 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that encourage innovation. That's what we need in the world. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 But the biggest barrier is money from fossil industries that want to defend 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 their market share, and which I consider the industries' walking butt. They've got 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 tremendous assets underground that they want to be able to mine. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Those are trillions of dollars of assets that the fossil energy companies used 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to evaluate their worth in the stock market. And the fact that we want to strand them, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to leave them underground is not going over real well In those industries. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 But in fact, if we wanted to head off the worst uncontrollable damages 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 from climate change, that's what we have to do. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 - Finland and the Netherlands implemented a carbon tax back in 1990. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Both, putting a price tag on each ton of CO2 poison. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 - In the beginning of the '90s there was a deep understanding that we should do something. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 We think that the Finnish economy should be based on sustainable energy in order 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to make our society competitive and in order to save our planet, which is, of course, the main target 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 which is, of course, the main target. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 - Since then several other nations have created their own versions, including 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Norway, Costa Rica, and the United Kingdom. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Ireland passed a carbon tax in 2010. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 - It was very simple to introduce. When they see a carbon tax if place, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 people know that they can invest in alternatives that actually 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 cut out the use of fossil fuel. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 It starts to have that effect improving energy efficiency in your homes and improving industries' energy efficiency. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And what we've seen in the last 5 years is we have doubled amount 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 of renewable energy supplies, so the benefit for the consumer 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 is if through those signals you can cut out the wasteful use of energy, then everyone 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 is saving money and it more than covers the cost of the carbon tax in the first place. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Thom Hartmann: Iin Australia renewables like wind are now cheaper than fossil fuels 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 like coal. Recently China put a price on carbon in over 7 regions and will add more. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Now it's up to the United States, where there's good news another a local level. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 In 2007, Boulder, Colorado passed a carbon tax charging $13 for every metric ton of CO2. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 - The carbon tax was generated and voted into place by boulder voters. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So it's a surcharge on electricity consumption and it's applied to residential, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 commercial, and industrial customers here in Boulder. The effect has been really tremendous. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So once the carbon tax went into place, it has generated about 1.8 million dollars a year. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 What's been extraordinary is that we've been able to really turn the curve so to speak on our