[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.00,0:00:12.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I do is I organize information.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.81,0:00:14.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm a graphic designer.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.57,0:00:17.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Professionally, I try to make sense
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.31,0:00:20.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,often of things that don't\Nmake much sense themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.94,0:00:25.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So my father might not understand\Nwhat it is that I do for a living.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.08,0:00:27.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His part of my ancestry has been farmers.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.35,0:00:30.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's part of this ethnic minority\Ncalled the Pontic Greeks.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.98,0:00:35.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They lived in Asia Minor\Nand fled to Greece after a genocide
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.42,0:00:36.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about a hundred years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.57,0:00:41.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And ever since that, migration\Nhas somewhat been a theme in my family.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.85,0:00:46.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My father moved to Germany,\Nstudied there and married,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.37,0:00:50.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as a result, I now have\Nthis half-German brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.82,0:00:54.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with all the analytical thinking\Nand that slightly dorky demeanor
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.21,0:00:56.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that come with that.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.21,0:00:59.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course it meant\Nthat I was a foreigner in both countries,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.32,0:01:03.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that of course made it pretty easy\Nfor me to migrate as well,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.69,0:01:06.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in good family tradition, if you like.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.67,0:01:09.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But of course, most journeys\Nthat we undertake from day to day
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.02,0:01:11.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are within a city.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.67,0:01:14.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, especially if you know the city,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.47,0:01:18.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,getting from A to B\Nmay seem pretty obvious, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.29,0:01:22.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the question is, why is it obvious?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.64,0:01:24.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do we know where we're going?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.98,0:01:28.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I washed up on a Dublin ferry port\Nabout 12 years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.83,0:01:31.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a professional foreigner, if you like,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.25,0:01:34.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm sure you've all had\Nthis experience before, yeah?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.37,0:01:36.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You arrive in a new city,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.49,0:01:40.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and your brain is trying\Nto make sense of this new place.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.48,0:01:43.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once you find your base, your home,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.88,0:01:48.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you start to build this cognitive map\Nof your environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.34,0:01:52.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's essentially this virtual map\Nthat only exists in your brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.26,0:01:54.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All animal species do it,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.04,0:01:57.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though we all use\Nslightly different tools.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.04,0:02:03.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Us humans, of course, we don't move around\Nmarking our territory by scent, like dogs.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.09,0:02:08.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't run around emitting\Nultrasonic squeaks, like bats.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.61,0:02:10.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We just don't do that,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.63,0:02:13.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,although a night in the Temple Bar\Ndistrict can get pretty wild.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.90,0:02:15.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.27,0:02:19.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No, we do two important things\Nto make a place our own.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.21,0:02:22.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, we move along linear routes.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.28,0:02:24.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Typically, we find a main street,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.78,0:02:28.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this main street becomes\Na linear strip map in our minds.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.37,0:02:30.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But our mind keeps it pretty simple, yeah?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.62,0:02:33.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every street is generally perceived\Nas a straight line,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.100,0:02:37.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we kind of ignore the little twists\Nand turns that the streets make.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.11,0:02:40.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we do, however,\Nmake a turn into a side street,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.58,0:02:45.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our mind tends to adjust that turn\Nto a 90-degree angle.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.90,0:02:48.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This of course makes for\Nsome funny moments
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.62,0:02:50.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you're in some old city layout
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.97,0:02:55.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that follows some sort\Nof circular city logic, yeah?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.99,0:02:58.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe you've had that experience as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.10,0:03:01.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's say you're on some spot\Non a side street
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.22,0:03:03.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that projects from a main\Ncathedral square,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.58,0:03:07.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you want to get to another point\Non a side street just like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.31,0:03:12.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The cognitive map\Nin your mind may tell you,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.28,0:03:15.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Aris, go back to the main\Ncathedral square,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.70,0:03:19.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,take a 90-degree turn\Nand walk down that other side street."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.44,0:03:23.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But somehow you feel adventurous that day,\Nand you suddenly discover
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.90,0:03:28.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the two spots were actually\Nonly a single building apart.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.78,0:03:30.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I don't know about you,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.14,0:03:32.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I always feel\Nlike I find this wormhole
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.29,0:03:35.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or this inter-dimensional portal.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.08,0:03:36.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.38,0:03:39.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we move along linear routes
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.91,0:03:45.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and our mind straightens streets\Nand perceives turns as 90-degree angles.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.96,0:03:48.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The second thing that we do\Nto make a place our own
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.93,0:03:53.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is we attach meaning\Nand emotions to the things
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.12,0:03:55.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we see along those lines.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.00,0:04:01.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you go to the Irish countryside\Nand you ask an old lady for directions,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.90,0:04:05.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,brace yourself for some\Nelaborate Irish storytelling
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.81,0:04:07.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about all the landmarks, yeah?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.79,0:04:11.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She'll tell you the pub\Nwhere her sister used to work,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.06,0:04:14.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and "... go past that church\Nwhere I got married," that kind of thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.46,0:04:18.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we fill our cognitive maps\Nwith these markers of meaning.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.04,0:04:24.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's more, we abstract\Nrepeat patterns and recognize them.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.69,0:04:30.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We recognize them by the experiences\Nand we abstract them into symbols.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.64,0:04:35.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course, we're all capable\Nof understanding these symbols.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.70,0:04:36.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.76,0:04:41.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's more, we're all capable\Nof understanding the cognitive maps,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.27,0:04:46.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you are all capable of creating\Nthese cognitive maps yourselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.01,0:04:50.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So next time, when you want to tell\Nyour friend how to get to your place,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.62,0:04:55.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you grab a beermat, grab a napkin,\Nand you just observe yourself
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.42,0:04:59.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,create this awesome piece\Nof communication design.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.81,0:05:01.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's got straight lines.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.24,0:05:03.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's got 90-degree corners.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.75,0:05:05.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You might add little symbols\Nalong the way.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.87,0:05:09.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when you look\Nat what you've just drawn,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.01,0:05:14.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you realize it does not\Nresemble a street map.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.58,0:05:18.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you were to put an actual street map\Non top of what you've just drawn,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.87,0:05:23.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'd realize your streets\Nand the distances -- they'd be way off.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.22,0:05:29.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No, what you've just drawn\Nis more like a diagram or a schematic.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.86,0:05:34.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a visual construct\Nof lines, dots, letters,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.83,0:05:37.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,designed in the language of our brains.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.72,0:05:39.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's no big surprise
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.60,0:05:44.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the big information-design icon\Nof the last century --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.58,0:05:48.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the pinnacle of showing everybody\Nhow to get from A to B,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.94,0:05:50.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the London Underground map --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.98,0:05:55.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was not designed by a cartographer\Nor a city planner;
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.32,0:05:58.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was designed\Nby an engineering draftsman.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.71,0:06:01.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the 1930s,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.45,0:06:07.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Harry Beck applied the principles\Nof schematic diagram design
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.62,0:06:11.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and changed the way public transport\Nmaps are designed forever.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.27,0:06:15.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now the very key\Nto the success of this map
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.99,0:06:20.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is in the omission\Nof less important information
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.07,0:06:22.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in the extreme simplification.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.79,0:06:26.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, straightened streets,\Ncorners of 90 and 45 degrees,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.75,0:06:32.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also the extreme geographic\Ndistortion in that map.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.90,0:06:36.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you were to look at the actual\Nlocations of these stations,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.83,0:06:38.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'd see they're very different.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.49,0:06:43.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this is all for the clarity\Nof the public Tube map.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.08,0:06:47.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you, say, wanted to get\Nfrom Regent's Park station
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.25,0:06:48.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to Great Portland Street,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.90,0:06:50.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Tube map would tell you:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.76,0:06:55.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,take the Tube, go to Baker Street,\Nchange over, take another Tube.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.39,0:06:59.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, what you don't know\Nis that the two stations
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.31,0:07:01.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are only about a hundred meters apart.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.88,0:07:04.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now we've reached the subject\Nof public transport,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.79,0:07:07.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and public transport here in Dublin
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.86,0:07:09.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a somewhat touchy subject.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.87,0:07:12.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.17,0:07:15.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For everybody who does not know\Nthe public transport here in Dublin,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.41,0:07:20.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,essentially, we have this system\Nof local buses that grew with the city.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.38,0:07:23.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For every outskirt that was added,\Nthere was another bus route added,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.02,0:07:27.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,running from the outskirt\Nall the way to the city center.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.97,0:07:32.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as these local buses\Napproach the city center,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.96,0:07:37.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they all run side by side and converge\Nin pretty much one main street.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.54,0:07:42.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when I stepped off\Nthe boat 12 years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.47,0:07:45.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I tried to make sense of that.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.56,0:07:50.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because exploring a city on foot\Nonly gets you so far.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.97,0:07:56.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when you explore a foreign\Nand new public transport system,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.33,0:08:00.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you will build a cognitive map\Nin your mind in pretty much the same way.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.10,0:08:06.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Typically, you choose yourself\Na rapid transport route,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.86,0:08:10.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in your mind, this route\Nis perceived as a straight line.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.30,0:08:12.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And like a pearl necklace,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.97,0:08:17.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the stations and stops are nicely\Nand neatly aligned along the line.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.59,0:08:24.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And only then you start to discover\Nsome local bus routes
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.27,0:08:25.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would fill in the gaps,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.01,0:08:30.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that allow for those wormhole,\Ninter-dimensional portal shortcuts.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.69,0:08:36.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I tried to make sense,\Nand when I arrived,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.10,0:08:38.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was looking for some\Ninformation leaflets
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.67,0:08:42.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would help me crack this system\Nand understand it,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.21,0:08:43.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I found those brochures.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.37,0:08:48.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.47,0:08:51.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were not geographically distorted.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.84,0:08:55.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They had a lot of omission of information,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.85,0:08:58.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but unfortunately, the wrong information.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.24,0:08:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Say, in the city center --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.01,0:09:03.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there were never actually any lines\Nthat showed the routes.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.26,0:09:04.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.43,0:09:09.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are actually not even\Nany stations with names.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.20,0:09:10.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.48,0:09:16.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, the maps of Dublin transport\Nhave gotten better,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.12,0:09:21.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and after I finished the project,\Nthey got a good bit better,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.31,0:09:23.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but still no station names,\Nstill no routes.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.38,0:09:30.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, being naive,\Nand being half-German, I decided,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.51,0:09:33.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Aris, why don't you build your own map?"
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.61,0:09:34.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's what I did.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.95,0:09:40.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I researched how each and every bus route\Nmoved through the city, nice and logical,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.96,0:09:42.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every bus route a separate line.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.68,0:09:47.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I plotted it into my own map of Dublin,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.06,0:09:49.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in the city center ...
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.67,0:09:51.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I got a nice spaghetti plate.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.32,0:09:53.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.88,0:09:56.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, this is a bit of a mess,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.95,0:09:59.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I decided, of course,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.12,0:10:02.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"You're going to apply\Nthe rules of schematic design,"
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.70,0:10:04.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cleaning up the corridors,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.59,0:10:07.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,widening the streets\Nwhere there were loads of buses
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.37,0:10:12.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and making the streets at straight,\N90-degree corners, 45-degree corners
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.18,0:10:13.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or fractions of that,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.63,0:10:16.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and filled it in with the bus routes.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.64,0:10:19.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I built this city center\Nbus map of the system,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.96,0:10:21.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how it was five years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.35,0:10:24.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll zoom in again\Nso that you get the full impact
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.74,0:10:27.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the quays and Westmoreland Street.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.09,0:10:29.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.78,0:10:31.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now I can proudly say --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.79,0:10:38.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.14,0:10:42.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can proudly say,\Nas a public transport map,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.35,0:10:46.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this diagram is an utter failure.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.30,0:10:48.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.22,0:10:50.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Except, probably, in one aspect:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.27,0:10:52.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I now had a great visual representation
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.93,0:10:56.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of just how clogged up and overrun\Nthe city center really was.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.52,0:11:00.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, call me old-fashioned,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.17,0:11:03.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I think a public transport\Nroute map should have lines,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.68,0:11:05.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because that's what they are, yeah?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.80,0:11:09.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're little pieces of string\Nthat wrap their way
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.04,0:11:11.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through the city center\Nor through the city.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.74,0:11:17.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you will, the Greek guy inside of me\Nfeels if I don't get a line,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.25,0:11:20.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's like entering\Nthe labyrinth of the Minotaur
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.35,0:11:23.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without having Ariadne giving you\Nthe string to find your way.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.64,0:11:27.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the outcome of my academic research,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.60,0:11:34.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,loads of questionnaires, case studies\Nand looking at a lot of maps,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.40,0:11:36.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was that a lot of the problems\Nand shortcomings
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.84,0:11:39.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the public transport\Nsystem here in Dublin
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.18,0:11:41.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was the lack of a coherent\Npublic transport map --
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.61,0:11:44.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a simplified, coherent\Npublic transport map --
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.35,0:11:47.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I think this is the crucial\Nstep to understanding
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.79,0:11:50.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a public transport network\Non a physical level,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.01,0:11:55.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's also the crucial step to make\Na public transport network mappable
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.33,0:11:56.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on a visual level.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.34,0:12:01.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I teamed up with a gentleman\Ncalled James Leahy,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.27,0:12:04.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a civil engineer and a recent\Nmaster's graduate
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.61,0:12:07.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Sustainable Development\Nprogram at DIT,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.94,0:12:12.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and together we drafted\Nthe simplified model network,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.27,0:12:15.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which I could then go ahead and visualize.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.57,0:12:17.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here's what we did.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.63,0:12:23.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We distributed these rapid-transport\Ncorridors throughout the city center,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.94,0:12:26.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and extended them into the outskirts.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.84,0:12:33.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rapid, because we wanted them to be served\Nby rapid-transport vehicles.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.06,0:12:36.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They would get exclusive\Nroad use, where possible,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.99,0:12:39.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it would be high-quantity,\Nhigh-quality transport.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.57,0:12:42.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,James wanted to use\Nbus rapid transport for that,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.27,0:12:43.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than light rail.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.72,0:12:45.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For me, it was important
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.88,0:12:50.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the vehicles that would run\Non those rapid transport corridors
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.30,0:12:54.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would be visibly distinguishable\Nfrom local buses on the street.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.71,0:12:58.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now we could take out all the local buses
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.78,0:13:01.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that ran alongside\Nthose rapid transport means.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.88,0:13:05.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Any gaps that appeared\Nin the outskirts were filled again.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.39,0:13:08.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, in other words,\Nif there was a street in an outskirt
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.63,0:13:11.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where there had been a bus,\Nwe put a bus back in,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.72,0:13:16.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only now these buses wouldn't run\Nall the way to the city center,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.17,0:13:19.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but connect to the nearest\Nrapid-transport mode,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.74,0:13:21.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of these thick lines over there.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.92,0:13:25.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the rest was merely\Na couple of months of work,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.09,0:13:27.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a couple of fights with my girlfriend,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.21,0:13:31.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of our place constantly\Nbeing clogged up with maps,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.19,0:13:33.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the outcome, one of the outcomes,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.20,0:13:36.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was this map of the Greater Dublin area.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.46,0:13:38.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll zoom in a little bit.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.55,0:13:43.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This map only shows the rapid\Ntransport connections, no local bus,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.62,0:13:48.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very much in the "metro map" style\Nthat was so successful in London,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.89,0:13:53.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that since has been exported\Nto so many other major cities,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.19,0:13:55.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and therefore is the language\Nthat we should use
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.99,0:13:58.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for public transport maps.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.86,0:14:04.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's also important is,\Nwith a simplified network like this,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.40,0:14:09.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it now would become possible for me\Nto tackle the ultimate challenge
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.91,0:14:13.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and make a public transport map\Nfor the city center,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.50,0:14:16.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one where I wouldn't just show\Nrapid transport connections,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.62,0:14:20.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also all the local bus routes,\Nstreets and the likes,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.12,0:14:22.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is what a map\Nlike this could look like.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.46,0:14:24.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll zoom in a little bit.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.93,0:14:31.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this map, I'm including\Neach transport mode,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.99,0:14:36.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so rapid transport, bus,\NDART, tram and the likes.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.20,0:14:42.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each individual route\Nis represented by a separate line.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:44.23,0:14:48.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The map shows each and every station,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.41,0:14:51.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,each and every station name,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.74,0:14:55.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm also displaying side streets.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.52,0:14:59.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, most of the side streets\Neven with their name,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.02,0:15:04.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for good measure,\Nalso a couple of landmarks,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.97,0:15:07.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of them signified by little symbols,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:07.17,0:15:10.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,others by these isometric\Nthree-dimensional
Dialogue: 0,0:15:10.28,0:15:12.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bird's-eye-view drawings.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:12.30,0:15:14.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The map is relatively small\Nin overall size,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.96,0:15:18.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so something that you could\Nstill hold as a fold-out map
Dialogue: 0,0:15:18.13,0:15:21.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or display in a reasonably-sized\Ndisplay box on a bus shelter.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.81,0:15:26.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it tries to be the best balance
Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.48,0:15:31.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between actual representation\Nand simplification --
Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.72,0:15:34.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the language of way-finding in our brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:35.00,0:15:38.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, straightened lines,\Ncleaned-up corners,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:38.56,0:15:42.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and of course, that very, very\Nimportant geographic distortion
Dialogue: 0,0:15:42.24,0:15:45.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that makes public transport maps possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:45.79,0:15:48.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you, for example, have a look\Nat the two main corridors
Dialogue: 0,0:15:48.56,0:15:51.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that run through the city --\Nthe yellow and orange one over here --
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.85,0:15:55.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is how they look in an actual,\Naccurate street map,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:55.45,0:15:59.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is how they would\Nlook in my distorted,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.46,0:16:01.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,simplified public transport map.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.42,0:16:05.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So for a successful public transport map,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:05.34,0:16:08.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we should not stick\Nto accurate representation,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:08.12,0:16:10.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but design them in the way\Nour brains work.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:10.50,0:16:13.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reactions I got were tremendous,\Nit was really good to see.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:13.80,0:16:17.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course, for my own self,\NI was very happy to see
Dialogue: 0,0:16:17.52,0:16:20.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that my folks in Germany and Greece\Nfinally have an idea
Dialogue: 0,0:16:20.94,0:16:22.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what I do for a living.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:22.14,0:16:23.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:16:23.17,0:16:24.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.34,0:16:26.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)