[Script Info] Title: [Events] Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.81,0:00:04.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was 17 when I chose my career. Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.59,0:00:07.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was standing outside Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.00,0:00:10.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on a hot summer night in Florida Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.24,0:00:13.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and just a few miles from the ocean. Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.73,0:00:18.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was waiting for a miracle to happen. Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.54,0:00:23.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That summer, I was privileged\Nto work as an intern Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.39,0:00:25.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.92,0:00:28.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the miracle I was waiting for Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.20,0:00:31.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was the launch\Nof the Columbia Space Shuttle Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.75,0:00:34.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,carrying the Chandra X-Ray Observatory, Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.49,0:00:41.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a telescope that would allow scientists\Nto peer into the edge of black holes. Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.71,0:00:45.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The entire sky filled with light. Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.100,0:00:50.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it was as if it was daytime\Nin the middle of the night. Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.15,0:00:54.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Soon, we could feel the rumble\Nof the engines vibrating in our chests. Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.00,0:00:57.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it wasn't a miracle; Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.32,0:01:02.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was the combined effort\Nof a team of thousands of people Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.36,0:01:03.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who worked together Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.67,0:01:06.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make was seemed impossible a reality. Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.99,0:01:11.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I wanted to join that team. Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.87,0:01:17.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I decided to apply to a university\Nwhere I could study aerospace engineering. Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.64,0:01:18.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the following year, Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.01,0:01:21.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I started at MIT\Nin my engineering training Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.60,0:01:24.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and joined a student project\Nbuilding space robots. Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.15,0:01:27.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And everything was going as I planned, Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.84,0:01:32.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,except I was confused\Nabout something important. Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.77,0:01:36.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, my confusion arose\Nin my summer breaks. Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.47,0:01:40.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I traveled to a school in Kenya, Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.92,0:01:45.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there I volunteered\Nwith girls ages five to 17, Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.58,0:01:50.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,giving them lessons in English\Nand math and science. Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.14,0:01:53.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they taught me songs in Swahili. Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.29,0:01:58.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And mostly, I just spent time\Ngetting to know the girls, Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.87,0:02:00.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enjoying their presence. Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.75,0:02:04.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I saw that these girls\Nand the leaders in their community, Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.87,0:02:07.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were overcoming important barriers Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.80,0:02:11.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to allow these girls to have\Nthe best possible chances in life. Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.56,0:02:16.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I wanted to join that team. Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.93,0:02:19.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wanted to be part of a team\Nthat would help break down barriers Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.01,0:02:22.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and improve the lives\Nof girls around the world. Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.60,0:02:25.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I was worried that studying\Naerospace engineering Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.70,0:02:27.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wasn't the most useful. Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.20,0:02:30.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was worried this team in Kenya\Ncouldn't use the technology Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.39,0:02:31.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was learning about space. Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.30,0:02:36.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But thankfully, I still learned\Nthat I was wrong. Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.46,0:02:39.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I came back and interned at NASA again, Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.84,0:02:40.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this time, Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.02,0:02:42.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a mentor taught me Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.87,0:02:49.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that countries like Kenya had been using\Nspace technology for decades Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.07,0:02:51.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to improve the lives\Nin their own countries. Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.66,0:02:55.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then I knew that I could have\Na career in space Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.21,0:02:56.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in development. Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.86,0:02:59.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This idea is not new. Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.82,0:03:04.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, in 1967, the nations\Nof the world came together Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.05,0:03:06.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to write the Outer Space Treaty. Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.61,0:03:10.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This treaty made a bold statement, Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.29,0:03:14.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,saying, "The exploration\Nand use of outer space Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.38,0:03:17.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,should be carried on\Nfor the benefit of all peoples, Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.57,0:03:23.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,irrespective of their level\Nof economic or scientific development." Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.09,0:03:27.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have not truly lived up to this ideal, Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.47,0:03:30.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,although people have worked\Nfor decades to make this a reality. Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.83,0:03:35.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Forces such as colonialism and racism Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.88,0:03:37.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and gender inequality Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.26,0:03:41.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have actually excluded many people\Nfrom the benefits of space Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.75,0:03:46.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and caused us to believe\Nthat space is for the few Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.32,0:03:48.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the rich or elite. Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.73,0:03:52.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we cannot afford this attitude, Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.21,0:03:55.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the world is engaged\Nin a vital mission Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.36,0:03:57.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to improve life for everyone. Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.26,0:04:04.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our road map for this mission comes\Nfrom the 17 Sustainable Development Goals Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.07,0:04:05.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the United Nations. Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.81,0:04:08.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All the member states\Nof the United Nations have agreed Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.53,0:04:11.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that these are priorities\Nbetween now and 2030. Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.53,0:04:17.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These goals give us our key moments\Nand opportunities of our time -- Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.32,0:04:21.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,opportunities to end extreme poverty, Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.32,0:04:25.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to insure that everyone has access\Nto food and clean water. Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.72,0:04:30.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We must pursue these goals\Nas a global community. Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.86,0:04:36.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And technology from space\Nsupports sustainable development. Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.89,0:04:39.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, there are six space services Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.93,0:04:43.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can help us pursue\Nthe Sustainable Development Goals. Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.71,0:04:47.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over the next few minutes,\Nlet's explore these six services, Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.99,0:04:51.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and see examples of just a few\Nof the goals they help support. Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.53,0:04:52.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You ready? Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.10,0:04:54.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK. Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.29,0:04:58.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Communication satellites provide access\Nto phone and internet service Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.50,0:05:00.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to almost any location on Earth. Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.62,0:05:04.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is particularly important\Nduring times of disaster recovery. Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.52,0:05:08.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When Typhoon Haiyan\Nstruck the Philippines, Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.06,0:05:10.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the local communication networks\Nneeded to be repaired, Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.86,0:05:14.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and teams brought in inflatable\Ncommunication antennas Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.20,0:05:16.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that could link to satellites. Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.21,0:05:18.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was useful during the time\Nof repair and recovery. Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.45,0:05:22.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Positioning satellites\Ntell us where we are Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.81,0:05:24.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by telling us where they are. Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.84,0:05:30.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Scientists can use this technology\Nto track endangered wildlife. Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.73,0:05:33.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This turtle has been fitted with a system Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.26,0:05:37.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that allows it to receive location\Ninformation from positioning satellites, Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.85,0:05:40.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they send the location\Ninformation to scientists Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.45,0:05:42.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,via communication satellites. Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.11,0:05:46.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Scientists can use this knowledge\Nto then make better policies Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.29,0:05:48.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and help determine\Nhow to keep these animals alive. Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.46,0:05:52.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Earth observation satellites. Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.93,0:05:55.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They tell us what's going on\Nin our environment. Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.55,0:05:59.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right now, there are about 150 satellites Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.07,0:06:01.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,operated by over 60 government agencies, Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.87,0:06:04.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these are just\Nthose observing the Earth. Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.12,0:06:06.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And meanwhile, companies\Nare adding to this list. Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.16,0:06:10.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of the governments provide the data\Nfrom the satellites for free online. Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.02,0:06:14.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of these satellites\Nprovide images like this, Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.22,0:06:16.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that show what you would see\Nfrom a camera. Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.66,0:06:19.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is an image showing\Nagricultural land in Kansas. Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.74,0:06:23.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, the majority\Nof the Earth observation satellites Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.65,0:06:25.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't take pictures at all. Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.90,0:06:27.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They take measurements. Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.45,0:06:30.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they combine these measurements\Nwith complex computer models Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.57,0:06:33.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and make beautiful,\Nglobal visualizations such as this one, Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.88,0:06:35.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,showing the ocean currents Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.81,0:06:37.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the temperature\Nof the ocean, globally. Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.28,0:06:45.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or we can look at the salt and smoke\Nand dust in the atmosphere, Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.56,0:06:50.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the rainfall and snowfall, globally, Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.08,0:06:58.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as well as the annual cycle of vegetation\Non land and in the ocean. Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.06,0:07:04.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, scientists can take this information\Nabout the rainfall and the vegetation Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.45,0:07:05.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and use it to understand Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.86,0:07:09.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what areas on Earth are in danger\Nof a famine or a drought Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.65,0:07:12.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and provide that information\Nto aid organizations Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.32,0:07:16.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they can be prepared with food aid\Nbefore the hunger becomes severe. Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.90,0:07:21.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In space, we have an orbiting laboratory\Non the International Space Station. Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.65,0:07:25.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The vehicle and everything inside\Nare in a form of free fall Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.70,0:07:26.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around the Earth, Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.88,0:07:29.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they don't experience\Nthe effect of gravity. Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.22,0:07:32.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And because of this,\Nwe call it "microgravity." Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.41,0:07:35.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When astronauts are\Nin the microgravity environment, Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.90,0:07:39.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their bodies react\Nas if they're aging rapidly. Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.89,0:07:42.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their bones and muscles weaken, Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.33,0:07:45.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and their cardiovascular system\Nand their immune system change. Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.05,0:07:50.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As scientists study how to keep\Nastronauts healthy in space, Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.32,0:07:53.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can take the exercises and techniques\Nwe use for astronauts Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.66,0:07:55.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and transfer them to people on Earth Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.63,0:07:57.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to improve our health here. Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.46,0:08:00.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Often, as we develop technology\Nfor astronauts and exploration Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.96,0:08:02.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or for spacecraft, Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.25,0:08:05.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can also transfer those inventions\Nto improve life on Earth. Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.84,0:08:07.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's one of my favorites. Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.20,0:08:08.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a water filtration system, Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.98,0:08:11.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a key component of it\Nis based on the technology Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.02,0:08:14.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to filter wastewater on the space station. Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.44,0:08:16.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's now being used around the world. Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.80,0:08:20.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Space is also an infinite source\Nof inspiration, Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.24,0:08:21.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through education, Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.44,0:08:23.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through research and astronomy Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.10,0:08:26.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that age-old experience of stargazing. Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.82,0:08:30.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, countries around the world\Nare engaging in advancing Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.12,0:08:31.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their own development Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.32,0:08:35.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by increasing their local knowledge\Nof engineering and science and space. Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.64,0:08:39.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's meet some of the world's\Nnewest satellite engineers. Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.15,0:08:43.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is Elyka Abello, from Venezuela. Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.26,0:08:47.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Elyka is training as a satellite engineer Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.35,0:08:50.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as part of her national\Nsatellite program in Venezuela. Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.75,0:08:52.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She has designed a software tool Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.60,0:08:56.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that allows her team to better design\Nthe power systems for engineering. Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.04,0:09:00.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is Adel Castillo-Duran, Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.88,0:09:02.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the Philippines. Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.47,0:09:05.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Adel is both a meteorologist\Nand a satellite engineer, Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.50,0:09:08.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she uses data from satellites\Nin her weather forecasting. Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.55,0:09:12.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And finally, meet Hala. Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.71,0:09:14.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hala is from the Sudan, Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.35,0:09:17.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as she was studying electrical\Nengineering as an undergraduate Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.61,0:09:18.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Khartoum, Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.80,0:09:21.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she and several students decided\Nto build their own satellite. Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.98,0:09:26.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And later, Hala earned a scholarship\Nto study satellite engineering Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.38,0:09:27.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the graduate level. Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.09,0:09:31.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These stories that I've shared with you Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.39,0:09:35.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all illustrate that space truly is useful\Nfor sustainable development Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.53,0:09:37.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the benefit of all peoples. Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.02,0:09:39.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we have more work to do, Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.49,0:09:44.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because there are still barriers\Nthat exclude people from space Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.24,0:09:46.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and limit the impact of this technology. Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.40,0:09:50.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For many people,\NEarth observation data is complex. Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.58,0:09:54.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And satellite communication\Nservices are too expensive. Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.97,0:09:58.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And microgravity research\Njust appears to be inaccessible. Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.61,0:10:04.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is what motivates my work\Nas a professor at MIT's Media Lab. Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.84,0:10:09.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've recently founded a new research group\Ncalled Space Enabled. Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.83,0:10:15.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are working to tear down these barriers\Nthat limit the benefits of space. Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.70,0:10:18.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we're also going to develop\Nthe future applications Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.37,0:10:21.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that will continue to contribute\Nto sustainable development. Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.53,0:10:24.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'll keep on this work Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.16,0:10:28.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until we can truly say that space\Nis for the benefit of all peoples, Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.83,0:10:31.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we are all space enabled. Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.82,0:10:33.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you. Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.100,0:10:36.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)