[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.02,0:00:03.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So robots.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.47,0:00:07.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Robots can be programmed\Nto do the same task millions of times
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.42,0:00:11.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with minimal error, something\Nvery difficult for us, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.29,0:00:14.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it can be very impressive\Nto watch them at work.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.48,0:00:15.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Look at them.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.76,0:00:18.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I could watch them for hours.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.47,0:00:19.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.62,0:00:23.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what is less impressive\Nthat if you take this robot
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.56,0:00:24.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out of the factories
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.82,0:00:29.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the environments are not\Nperfectly known and measured like here,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.22,0:00:33.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to do even a simple task\Nwhich doesn't require much precision,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.59,0:00:35.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is what can happen.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.22,0:00:37.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, opening a door,\Nyou don't require much precision.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.51,0:00:38.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.90,0:00:41.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or, a small error in the measurements,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.71,0:00:43.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you miss the ?? and that's it
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.47,0:00:44.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.76,0:00:47.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with no way of recovering\Nmost of the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.76,0:00:49.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So why is that?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.33,0:00:51.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, for many years,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.36,0:00:54.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,robots have been designed\Nto emphasize speed and precision,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.86,0:00:57.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this translates\Nin a very specific architecture.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.83,0:00:58.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we take a robot term,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.87,0:01:01.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's a very well-defined\Nset of rigid links
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.63,0:01:03.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and mortars who are called actuators,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.85,0:01:05.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they move the links above the joins.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.92,0:01:07.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this ?? structure,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.15,0:01:08.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have to perfectly\Nmeasure your environment,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.79,0:01:10.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so what is around,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.80,0:01:13.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you have to perfectly\Nprogram every movement
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.65,0:01:15.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the robot joints,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.27,0:01:19.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because a small error\Ncan generate a very large fault,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.16,0:01:22.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so you can damage something\Nor you can get your robot damaged
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.19,0:01:24.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if something is harder.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.31,0:01:26.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's talk about them a moment,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.63,0:01:29.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and don't think about\Nthe brains of these robots
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.40,0:01:32.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or how carefully we program them,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.26,0:01:34.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but rather look at their bodies.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.61,0:01:37.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is obviously\Nsomething wrong with it,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.56,0:01:40.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because what makes a robot\Nprecise and strong
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.97,0:01:45.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also makes them ridiculously dangerous\Nand ineffective in the real world,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.50,0:01:47.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because their body cannot deform
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.57,0:01:51.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or better adjust to the interaction\Nwith the real world.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.51,0:01:54.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So think about the opposite approach,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.65,0:01:58.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being softer than\Nanything else around you.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.18,0:02:03.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, maybe you think that you're not\Nreally able to do anything if you're soft,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.14,0:02:04.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,probably.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.15,0:02:07.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, nature teaches us the opposite.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.31,0:02:10.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, at the bottom of the ocean\Nunder thousands of pounds
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.32,0:02:11.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of ?? pressure,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.61,0:02:14.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a completely soft animal
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.17,0:02:18.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can move and interact with a much\Nstiffer object than him.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.08,0:02:20.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He works by carrying around\Nthis coconut shell
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.95,0:02:23.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thanks to the flexibility\Nof his tentacles,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.36,0:02:26.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which serve as both his feet and hands.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.46,0:02:30.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And apparently, an octopus\Ncan also open a jar.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.82,0:02:33.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's pretty impressive, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.59,0:02:40.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But clearly, this is not enabled\Njust by the brain of this animal,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.35,0:02:42.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also by his body,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.61,0:02:46.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's a clear example,\Nmaybe the clearest example,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.90,0:02:48.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of embodied intelligence,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.61,0:02:51.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is a kind of intelligence\Nthat all living organisms have.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.99,0:02:53.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We all have that.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.31,0:02:57.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our body, its shape,\Nmaterial and structure,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.33,0:03:00.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,plays a fundamental role\Nduring a physical task,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.60,0:03:05.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we can conform\Nto our environment
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.70,0:03:08.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we can succeed in a large\Nvariety of situations
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.66,0:03:11.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without much planning\Nor calculations ahead.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.61,0:03:15.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So why don't we put\Nsome of this embodied intelligence
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.44,0:03:16.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into our robotic machines
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.65,0:03:18.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to release them from relying\Non excessive work
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.56,0:03:20.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on computation and sensing?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.87,0:03:23.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, to do that we can follow\Nthe strategy of nature,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.92,0:03:26.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because with evolution,\Nshe's done a pretty good job
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.74,0:03:31.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in designing machines\Nfor environment interaction,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.26,0:03:35.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's easy to notice that nature\Nuses soft material frequently
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.78,0:03:38.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and stiff material sparingly.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.09,0:03:41.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is what is done\Nin this new field or robotics
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.91,0:03:44.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is called soft robotics,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.23,0:03:47.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which the main objective\Nis not to make super-precise machines
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.99,0:03:49.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we've already got them,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.82,0:03:54.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but to make robots able to face\Nunexpected situations in the real world,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.12,0:03:56.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so able to go out there.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.56,0:03:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what makes a robot soft\Nis first of all his compliant body,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.99,0:04:05.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is made of materials or structures\Nthat can undergo very large deformations,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.23,0:04:07.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so no more rigid links,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.31,0:04:11.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and secondly to move them\Nwe use what we call distributed actuation,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.37,0:04:15.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we have to control continuously\Nthe shape of this very deformable body,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.97,0:04:19.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is the fact of having\Na lot of links and joints,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.29,0:04:22.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we don't have\Nany stiff structure at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.06,0:04:25.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you can imagine that building\Na soft robot is a very different process
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.30,0:04:29.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than stiff robotics, where\Nyou have links, gears, screws
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.20,0:04:31.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you must combine\Nin a very defined way.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.46,0:04:35.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In soft robots, you just build\Nyour actuator from scratch
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.01,0:04:36.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most of the time,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.14,0:04:38.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you shape your flexible material
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.39,0:04:41.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the form that responds\Nto a certain input.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.25,0:04:44.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example here, you can just\Ndeform a structure
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.54,0:04:46.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doing a fairly complex shape
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.39,0:04:49.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you think about doing the same\Nwith rigid links and joints,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.53,0:04:52.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and here what you use is just one input,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.09,0:04:54.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as air pressure.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.07,0:04:57.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, but let's see\Nsome cool examples of soft robots.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.58,0:05:00.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here is a little cute guy\Ndeveloped by Harvard University,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.92,0:05:07.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he works thanks to waves\Nof pressure applied along its body,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.12,0:05:10.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and thanks to the flexibility he can\Nalso sneak under a low bridge,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.57,0:05:11.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,keep walking,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.72,0:05:15.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then keep walking\Na little bit different afterwards.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.43,0:05:18.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's a very preliminary prototype,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.23,0:05:21.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they also built a more robust version
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.08,0:05:22.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with power on board that can actually\Nbe sent out in the world
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.22,0:05:26.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and face real-world interactions
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.97,0:05:29.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like a car passing it over it,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.05,0:05:30.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and keep working.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.76,0:05:32.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.20,0:05:33.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's cute.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.48,0:05:34.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.98,0:05:38.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or a robotic fish which swims\Nlike a real fish does
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.62,0:05:42.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in water simply because it has a soft tail\Nwith distributed actuation
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.49,0:05:44.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using still air pressure.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.15,0:05:45.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was from MIT,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.65,0:05:48.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and of course we have a robotic octopus.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.36,0:05:50.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was actually one of\Nthe first projects developed
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.74,0:05:52.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this new field of soft robots.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.62,0:05:54.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here you see the artificial tentacle,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.73,0:05:58.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they actually built and entire machine
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.34,0:06:01.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with several tentacles they could\Njust throw in the water,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.100,0:06:05.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you see that it can kind of go around\Nand do submarine exploration
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.32,0:06:09.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a different way\Nthan rigid robots would do.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.58,0:06:13.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this is very important for delicate\Nenvironments such as coral reefs.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.19,0:06:15.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's go back to the ground.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.19,0:06:17.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here you see the view
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.69,0:06:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from a growing robot developed\Nby my colleagues in Stanford.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.00,0:06:21.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see the camera fixed on top.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.97,0:06:25.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this robot is particular\Nbecause using air pressure
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.07,0:06:27.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it grows from the tip\Nwhile the rest of the body
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.13,0:06:29.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stays in firm contact\Nwith the environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.63,0:06:32.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is inspired\Nby plants, not animals,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.37,0:06:35.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which grows via the material\Nin a similar manner
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.60,0:06:39.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it can face a pretty large\Nvariety of situations.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.17,0:06:41.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I'm a biomedical engineer,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.01,0:06:43.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and perhaps the application\NI like the most
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.46,0:06:45.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's in the medical field,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.02,0:06:49.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's very difficult to imagine\Na closer interaction with the human body
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.93,0:06:51.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than actually going inside the body,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.74,0:06:55.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for example to inform\Na minimally invasive procedure.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.29,0:06:58.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here, robots can be\Nvery helpful with the surgeon
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.68,0:07:00.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they must enter the body
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.60,0:07:03.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using small holes\Nand straight instruments,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.38,0:07:06.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these instruments must interact\Nwith very delicate structures
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.54,0:07:08.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a very uncertain environment,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.72,0:07:10.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this must be done safely.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.68,0:07:13.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also bringing the camera inside the body,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.02,0:07:17.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so bringing the eyes of the surgeon\Ninside the subject, I feel,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.13,0:07:18.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can be very challenging\Nif you use a rigid stick,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.79,0:07:20.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like a classic endoscope.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.42,0:07:23.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With my previous research group in Europe,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.37,0:07:26.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we developed this\Nself-camera robot for surgery,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.18,0:07:29.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is very different\Nfrom a classic endoscope
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.50,0:07:34.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which can move thanks\Nto the flexibility of the module
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.12,0:07:35.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can bend and elongate,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.71,0:07:37.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bend in every direction\Nand also elongate.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.96,0:07:41.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this was actually used by surgeons\Nto see what they were doing
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.49,0:07:43.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with other instruments\Nfrom different points of view
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.44,0:07:47.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without caring that much\Nabout what was touched around.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.48,0:07:51.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here you see the soft robot in action,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.24,0:07:54.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it just goes inside.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.58,0:07:57.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a body simulator,\Nnot a real human body.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.46,0:07:58.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It goes around.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.60,0:08:01.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have a light, because usually\Nyou don't have too many lights
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.08,0:08:02.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inside your body.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.18,0:08:03.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.42,0:08:04.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We hope.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.59,0:08:07.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.97,0:08:12.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But sometimes a surgical procedure\Ncan even be done using a single needle,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.22,0:08:15.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in Stanford now, we are working\Non a very flexible needle,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.72,0:08:19.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kind of a very tiny soft robot
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.12,0:08:23.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is mechanically designed\Nto use the interaction with the tissue
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.71,0:08:24.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and steer around inside a solid organ.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.84,0:08:29.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This makes it possible to reach\Nmany different targets such as tumors
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.07,0:08:32.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,deep inside a solid organ
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.26,0:08:32.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by using one single insertion point,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.99,0:08:39.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can even steer around\Nthe structure that you want to avoid
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.53,0:08:39.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the way to the target.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.98,0:08:42.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So clearly, this is a pretty\Nexciting time for robotics.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.95,0:08:46.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have robots that have to deal\Nwith soft structure,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.08,0:08:50.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so this poses new\Nand very challenging questions
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.24,0:08:51.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the robotics community,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.20,0:08:52.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and indeed we are just starting\Nto learn how to control,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.97,0:08:55.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how to put sensors\Non these very flexible structures.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.94,0:08:58.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But of course, we are not even close\Nto what nature figured out
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.62,0:09:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in millions of years of evolution.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.00,0:09:03.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But one thing I know for sure:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.30,0:09:05.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that robots will be softer and safer,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.84,0:09:08.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they will be out there helping people.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.38,0:09:09.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.19,0:09:11.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.26,0:09:14.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)