[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.53,0:00:03.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, robots.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.39,0:00:04.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Robots can be programmed
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.83,0:00:08.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to do the same task millions of times\Nwith minimal error,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.54,0:00:11.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something very difficult for us, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.08,0:00:14.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it can be very impressive\Nto watch them at work.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.27,0:00:15.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Look at them.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.55,0:00:17.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I could watch them for hours.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.11,0:00:19.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.43,0:00:21.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is less impressive
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.66,0:00:24.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that if you take this robot\Nout of the factories,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.62,0:00:28.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the environments are not\Nperfectly known and measured like here,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.02,0:00:33.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to do even a simple task\Nwhich doesn't require much precision,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.32,0:00:34.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is what can happen.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.96,0:00:37.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, opening a door,\Nyou don't require much precision.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.71,0:00:38.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.77,0:00:41.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or a small error in the measurements,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.24,0:00:43.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he misses the valve, and that's it --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.10,0:00:44.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.39,0:00:46.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with no way of recovering,\Nmost of the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.56,0:00:49.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So why is that?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.26,0:00:51.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, for many years,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.16,0:00:54.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,robots have been designed\Nto emphasize speed and precision,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.48,0:00:57.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this translates\Ninto a very specific architecture.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.47,0:00:58.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you take a robot arm,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.64,0:01:01.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's a very well-defined\Nset of rigid links
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.43,0:01:03.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and motors, what we call actuators,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.51,0:01:05.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they move the links about the joints.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.30,0:01:06.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this robotic structure,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.62,0:01:08.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have to perfectly\Nmeasure your environment,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.86,0:01:10.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so what is around,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.79,0:01:13.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you have to perfectly\Nprogram every movement
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.45,0:01:15.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the robot joints,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.61,0:01:18.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because a small error\Ncan generate a very large fault,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.89,0:01:21.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so you can damage something\Nor you can get your robot damaged
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.93,0:01:23.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if something is harder.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.11,0:01:26.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's talk about them a moment.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.34,0:01:29.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And don't think\Nabout the brains of these robots
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.58,0:01:32.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or how carefully we program them,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.35,0:01:34.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but rather look at their bodies.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.61,0:01:37.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is obviously\Nsomething wrong with it,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.51,0:01:40.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because what makes a robot\Nprecise and strong
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.66,0:01:45.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also makes them ridiculously dangerous\Nand ineffective in the real world,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.07,0:01:47.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because their body cannot deform
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.08,0:01:50.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or better adjust to the interaction\Nwith the real world.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.23,0:01:54.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So think about the opposite approach,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.37,0:01:57.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being softer than\Nanything else around you.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.83,0:02:02.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, maybe you think that you're not\Nreally able to do anything if you're soft,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.94,0:02:04.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,probably.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.13,0:02:06.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, nature teaches us the opposite.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.00,0:02:09.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, at the bottom of the ocean,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.06,0:02:11.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,under thousands of pounds\Nof hydrostatic pressure,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.52,0:02:13.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a completely soft animal
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.97,0:02:17.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can move and interact\Nwith a much stiffer object than him.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.88,0:02:20.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He works by carrying around\Nthis coconut shell
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.75,0:02:23.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thanks to the flexibility\Nof his tentacles,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.16,0:02:25.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which serve as both his feet and hands.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.24,0:02:30.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And apparently,\Nan octopus can also open a jar.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.88,0:02:33.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's pretty impressive, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.92,0:02:40.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But clearly, this is not enabled\Njust by the brain of this animal,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.44,0:02:42.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also by his body,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.48,0:02:46.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's a clear example,\Nmaybe the clearest example,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.54,0:02:48.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of embodied intelligence,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.36,0:02:51.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is a kind of intelligence\Nthat all living organisms have.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.67,0:02:53.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We all have that.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.26,0:02:57.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our body, its shape,\Nmaterial and structure,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.13,0:03:00.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,plays a fundamental role\Nduring a physical task,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.33,0:03:05.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we can conform to our environment
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.97,0:03:08.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we can succeed in a large\Nvariety of situations
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.40,0:03:11.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without much planning\Nor calculations ahead.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.41,0:03:14.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So why don't we put\Nsome of this embodied intelligence
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.15,0:03:15.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into our robotic machines,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.73,0:03:18.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to release them from relying\Non excessive work
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.10,0:03:20.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on computation and sensing?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.10,0:03:23.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, to do that, we can follow\Nthe strategy of nature,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.77,0:03:26.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because with evolution,\Nshe's done a pretty good job
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.41,0:03:30.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in designing machines\Nfor environment interaction.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.93,0:03:35.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's easy to notice that nature\Nuses soft material frequently
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.44,0:03:37.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and stiff material sparingly.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.76,0:03:41.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is what is done\Nin this new field or robotics,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.58,0:03:43.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is called "soft robotics,"
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.90,0:03:47.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which the main objective\Nis not to make super-precise machines,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.66,0:03:49.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we've already got them,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.62,0:03:54.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but to make robots able to face\Nunexpected situations in the real world,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.57,0:03:56.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so able to go out there.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.15,0:03:59.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what makes a robot soft\Nis first of all its compliant body,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.70,0:04:05.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is made of materials or structures\Nthat can undergo very large deformations,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.25,0:04:07.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so no more rigid links,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.11,0:04:10.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and secondly, to move them,\Nwe use what we call distributed actuation,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.68,0:04:15.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we have to control continuously\Nthe shape of this very deformable body,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.74,0:04:19.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which has the effect\Nof having a lot of links and joints,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.06,0:04:21.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we don't have\Nany stiff structure at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.70,0:04:25.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you can imagine that building\Na soft robot is a very different process
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.16,0:04:28.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than stiff robotics,\Nwhere you have links, gears, screws
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.06,0:04:30.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you must combine\Nin a very defined way.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.95,0:04:34.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In soft robots, you just build\Nyour actuator from scratch
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.50,0:04:35.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most of the time,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.67,0:04:38.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you shape your flexible material
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.08,0:04:40.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the form that responds\Nto a certain input.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.05,0:04:43.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, here,\Nyou can just deform a structure
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.54,0:04:46.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doing a fairly complex shape
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.03,0:04:49.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you think about doing the same\Nwith rigid links and joints,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.33,0:04:51.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and here, what you use is just one input,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.69,0:04:53.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as air pressure.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.87,0:04:57.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, but let's see\Nsome cool examples of soft robots.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.76,0:05:02.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here is a little cute guy\Ndeveloped at Harvard University,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.34,0:05:06.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he works thanks to waves\Nof pressure applied along its body,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.85,0:05:10.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and thanks to the flexibility,\Nhe can also sneak under a low bridge,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.16,0:05:11.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,keep walking,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.34,0:05:14.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then keep walking\Na little bit different afterwards.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.34,0:05:17.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's a very preliminary prototype,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.60,0:05:21.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they also built a more robust version\Nwith power on board
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.30,0:05:26.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can actually be sent out in the world\Nand face real-world interactions
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.77,0:05:28.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like a car passing it over it ...
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.09,0:05:31.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and keep working.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.06,0:05:33.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's cute.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.23,0:05:34.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.68,0:05:38.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or a robotic fish, which swims\Nlike a real fish does in water
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.56,0:05:41.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,simply because it has a soft tail\Nwith distributed actuation
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.77,0:05:43.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using still air pressure.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.95,0:05:45.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was from MIT,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.34,0:05:48.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and of course, we have a robotic octopus.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.16,0:05:50.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was actually one\Nof the first projects
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.27,0:05:52.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,developed in this new field\Nof soft robots.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.42,0:05:54.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here, you see the artificial tentacle,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.33,0:05:59.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they actually built an entire machine\Nwith several tentacles
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.03,0:06:01.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they could just throw in the water,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.67,0:06:05.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you see that it can kind of go around\Nand do submarine exploration
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.98,0:06:09.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a different way\Nthan rigid robots would do.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.31,0:06:12.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this is very important for delicate\Nenvironments, such as coral reefs.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.99,0:06:14.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's go back to the ground.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.41,0:06:15.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here, you see the view
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.63,0:06:19.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from a growing robot developed\Nby my colleagues in Stanford.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.80,0:06:21.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see the camera fixed on top.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.67,0:06:23.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this robot is particular,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.14,0:06:25.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because using air pressure,\Nit grows from the tip,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.58,0:06:28.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while the rest of the body stays\Nin firm contact with the environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.32,0:06:32.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is inspired\Nby plants, not animals,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.06,0:06:35.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which grows via the material\Nin a similar manner
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.40,0:06:38.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it can face a pretty large\Nvariety of situations.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.04,0:06:40.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I'm a biomedical engineer,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.74,0:06:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and perhaps the application\NI like the most
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.03,0:06:44.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is in the medical field,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.50,0:06:49.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's very difficult to imagine\Na closer interaction with the human body
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.37,0:06:51.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than actually going inside the body,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.31,0:06:54.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for example, to perform\Na minimally invasive procedure.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.96,0:06:58.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here, robots can be\Nvery helpful with the surgeon,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.38,0:07:00.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they must enter the body
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.16,0:07:02.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using small holes\Nand straight instruments,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.81,0:07:06.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these instruments must interact\Nwith very delicate structures
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.34,0:07:08.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a very uncertain environment,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.41,0:07:10.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this must be done safely.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.11,0:07:12.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also bringing the camera inside the body,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.25,0:07:15.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so bringing the eyes of the surgeon\Ninside the subject, I feel,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.89,0:07:18.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can be very challenging\Nif you use a rigid stick,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.27,0:07:19.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like a classic endoscope.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.52,0:07:23.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With my previous research group in Europe,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.13,0:07:25.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we developed this\Nself-camera robot for surgery,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.75,0:07:29.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is very different\Nfrom a classic endoscope,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.54,0:07:32.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which can move thanks\Nto the flexibility of the module
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.67,0:07:37.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can bend in every direction\Nand also elongate.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.58,0:07:40.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this was actually used by surgeons\Nto see what they were doing
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.72,0:07:43.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with other instruments\Nfrom different points of view,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.48,0:07:46.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without caring that much\Nabout what was touched around.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.25,0:07:50.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here you see the soft robot in action,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.01,0:07:53.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it just goes inside.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.86,0:07:57.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a body simulator,\Nnot a real human body.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.15,0:07:58.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It goes around.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.32,0:07:59.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have a light, because usually,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.02,0:08:03.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you don't have too many lights\Ninside your body.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.17,0:08:04.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We hope.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.36,0:08:07.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.39,0:08:12.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But sometimes, a surgical procedure\Ncan even be done using a single needle,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.11,0:08:16.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in Stanford now, we are working\Non a very flexible needle,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.18,0:08:18.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kind of a very tiny soft robot
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.86,0:08:22.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is mechanically designed\Nto use the interaction with the tissues
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.18,0:08:24.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and steer around inside a solid organ.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.43,0:08:28.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This makes it possible to reach\Nmany different targets, such as tumors,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.54,0:08:30.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,deep inside a solid organ
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.26,0:08:32.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by using one single insertion point.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.61,0:08:36.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can even steer around\Nthe structure that you want to avoid
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.67,0:08:38.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the way to the target.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.38,0:08:42.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So clearly, this is a pretty\Nexciting time for robotics.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.71,0:08:45.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have robots that have to deal\Nwith soft structures,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.88,0:08:48.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so this poses new\Nand very challenging questions
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.49,0:08:49.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the robotics community,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.87,0:08:52.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and indeed, we are just starting\Nto learn how to control,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.57,0:08:55.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how to put sensors\Non these very flexible structures.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.60,0:08:58.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But of course, we are not even close\Nto what nature figured out
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.58,0:09:00.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in millions of years of evolution.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.80,0:09:02.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But one thing I know for sure:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.93,0:09:05.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,robots will be softer and safer,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.47,0:09:08.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they will be out there helping people.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.81,0:09:09.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.98,0:09:14.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)