[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.54,0:00:08.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How did Dracula become\Nthe world's most famous vampire?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.31,0:00:12.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,More than 100 years after\Nhis creator was laid to rest,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.47,0:00:18.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dracula lives on as the most famous\Nvampire in history.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.17,0:00:20.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this Transylvanian noble,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.17,0:00:24.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,neither the first fictional vampire\Nnor the most popular of his time,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.52,0:00:30.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,may have remained buried\Nin obscurity if not for a twist of fate.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.20,0:00:35.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dracula's first appearance was in\NBram Stoker's 1897 novel of the same name.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.94,0:00:39.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that was far from the beginning\Nof vampire myths.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.32,0:00:44.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Blood-sucking monsters had already been\Npart of folklore for at least 800 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.48,0:00:47.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was Slavic folklore that gave us\Nthe word vampire,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.98,0:00:50.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or "upir" in Old Russian.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.60,0:00:54.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The term's first known written mention\Ncomes from the 11th century.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.74,0:00:58.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Vampire lore in the region predated\NChristianity's arrival
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.08,0:01:02.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and persisted despite the church's efforts\Nto eliminate pagan beliefs.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.80,0:01:07.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stories of vampires originated from\Nmisinterpretations of diseases,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.76,0:01:08.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as rabies,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.85,0:01:10.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and pellagra,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.11,0:01:12.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and decomposition.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.04,0:01:16.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the case of the latter, gasses swelling\Nthe body and blood oozing from the mouth
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.86,0:01:21.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could make a corpse look like\Nit had recently been alive and feeding.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.56,0:01:26.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Vampires were describe as bloated\Nwith overgrown teeth and nails.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.14,0:01:30.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This gave rise to many rituals\Nintended to prevent the dead from rising,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.56,0:01:33.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as burying bodies with garlic\Nor poppyseeds,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.67,0:01:35.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as well as having them staked,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.32,0:01:36.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,burned,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.23,0:01:38.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or mutilated.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.06,0:01:42.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Vampire lore remained a local phenomenon\Nuntil the 18th century
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.09,0:01:45.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when Serbia was caught in the struggle\Nbetween two great powers,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.99,0:01:47.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Habsburg Monarchy
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.48,0:01:49.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Ottoman Empire.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.78,0:01:53.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Austrian soldiers and government officials\Nobserved and documented
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.22,0:01:55.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the strange local burial rituals,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.99,0:01:58.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and their reports \Nbecame widely publicized.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.98,0:02:04.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The resulting vampire hysteria\Ngot so out of hand that in 1755,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.01,0:02:08.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Austrian Empress was forced \Nto dispatch her personal physician.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.26,0:02:11.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He investigated and put an end\Nto the rumors
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.04,0:02:14.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by publishing a thorough, \Nscientific refutation.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.01,0:02:17.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The panic subsided, but the vampire\Nhad already taken root
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.55,0:02:19.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Western Europe's imagination,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.77,0:02:22.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,spawning works like "The Vampyre" in 1819,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.86,0:02:29.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Joseph Sheridan\NLe Fanu's "Carmilla" in 1872.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.17,0:02:34.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This book would greatly influence a young\NIrish drama critic named Bran Stoker.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.82,0:02:37.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stoker, who was born in Dublin in 1847,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.98,0:02:43.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was famously bedridden with an unknown\Nillness until the age of seven.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.44,0:02:46.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During that time, \Nhis mother told him folktales
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.21,0:02:48.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and true tales of horror,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.21,0:02:54.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including her experiences during\Nan outbreak of cholera in 1832.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.26,0:02:59.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There, she described victims buried alive\Nin mass graves.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.10,0:03:04.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Later in his life, Stoker went on to write\Nfantasy, romance, adventure stories,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.18,0:03:08.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in 1897, "Dracula."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.67,0:03:10.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Although the book's main villain\Nand namesake
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.88,0:03:15.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is thought to be based on the historical\Nfigure of Vlad III Dracula,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.52,0:03:17.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or Vlad the Impaler,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.48,0:03:21.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the association is mostly just\Nthat they share a name.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.09,0:03:24.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Other elements and characters \Nwere inspired directly and indirectly
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.95,0:03:28.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by various works in the Victorian Era,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.10,0:03:30.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as "The Mysterious Stranger."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.38,0:03:34.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The novel, upon release, was only\Na moderate success in its day,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.51,0:03:37.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nor was it even \NStoker's most well-known work,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.84,0:03:42.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mentioned only briefly in a 1912 obituary.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.51,0:03:46.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But a critical copyright battle would\Ncompletely change Dracula's fate,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.90,0:03:50.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and catapult the character\Ninto literary renown.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.57,0:03:57.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1922, a German studio adapted the novel\Ninto the now classic silent film Nosferatu
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.49,0:03:59.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without paying royalties.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.45,0:04:03.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Despite changes in character names,\Nand minor plot points,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.05,0:04:07.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the parallels were obvious,\Nand the studio was sued into bankruptcy.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.78,0:04:09.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To prevent more plagiarism attempts,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.64,0:04:12.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stoker's widow decided\Nto establish copyright
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.70,0:04:14.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over the stage version of Dracula
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.91,0:04:19.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by approving a production \Nby family-friend Hamilton Deane.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.46,0:04:22.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Although Deane's adaptation made drastic\Ncuts to the story,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.75,0:04:24.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it became a classic,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.95,0:04:29.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thanks largely to Bela Lugosi's \Nperformance on Broadway.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.17,0:04:33.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lugosi would go on to star in\Nthe 1931 film version by Universal,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.85,0:04:37.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lending the character \Nmany of his signature characteristics.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.51,0:04:41.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And since then, Dracula has risen again\Nin countless adaptations,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.93,0:04:46.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,finding eternal life far beyond\Nthe humble pages of his birth.