0:00:07.270,0:00:11.080
Thank you very much.[br]It's wonderful to be back in Brussels.

0:00:11.360,0:00:16.260
I have been given the challenge[br]of discussing with you

0:00:16.260,0:00:19.120
the next 50 years of physics,

0:00:19.420,0:00:25.380
in a dark room without windows,[br]an hour after lunch.

0:00:25.780,0:00:29.560
So, I already see some of you[br]recoiling in horror

0:00:29.560,0:00:34.520
at the prospect of equations[br]and tensor calculus.

0:00:34.750,0:00:36.760
I'm not going to do that.

0:00:37.620,0:00:43.030
I've called my presentation[br]"A theory of everything (else)."

0:00:43.900,0:00:46.229
Professional physicists today

0:00:46.229,0:00:50.289
are developing[br]various theories of everything

0:00:50.289,0:00:57.200
to try to reconcile the two major[br]successful theories of physics today:

0:00:57.200,0:01:00.555
general relativity and quantum mechanics.

0:01:00.775,0:01:06.125
There are a couple of dirty little secrets[br]in there that they are not telling you.

0:01:06.125,0:01:08.750
The first one is that these two theories,

0:01:08.750,0:01:13.900
which each of which[br]works very well in its own domain,

0:01:13.900,0:01:18.854
are in violent contradiction[br]in most of our world every day,

0:01:18.854,0:01:21.014
especially with gravity.

0:01:22.819,0:01:26.890
Therefore, the idea is to try[br]to develop theories of everything

0:01:26.890,0:01:31.290
that would reconcile somehow -[br]like string theory and others -

0:01:31.290,0:01:37.320
would reconcile these two[br]dominant views of physics.

0:01:38.430,0:01:43.585
The other dirty little secret [br]is that in all that,

0:01:43.585,0:01:47.505
we have left out a missing child.

0:01:47.780,0:01:52.389
The missing child[br]is the little sister of physics.

0:01:52.389,0:01:53.929
It's the physics of information,

0:01:53.929,0:01:57.430
and that's what I would like[br]to talk about this afternoon.

0:01:58.620,0:02:02.081
The physics they teach us[br]in college and in universities

0:02:02.081,0:02:04.204
is the physics of energy.

0:02:04.204,0:02:09.614
It has to do with lasers[br]and colors and particles and mass

0:02:09.614,0:02:12.147
and fields - whatever the field is -

0:02:12.147,0:02:14.040
and acceleration and inertia

0:02:14.040,0:02:16.690
and all these things[br]that you've been exposed to

0:02:16.690,0:02:19.980
in high school or college or university.

0:02:21.470,0:02:24.300
The problem is that they also teach us[br]

0:02:24.300,0:02:29.400
that information and energy[br]are two sides of the same coin,

0:02:29.400,0:02:33.200
but they never bothered[br]to teach us the physics of information;

0:02:33.200,0:02:36.610
they continue to teach us[br]the physics of energy.

0:02:36.730,0:02:38.830
Now, going back to the 19th century,

0:02:38.830,0:02:40.470
James Maxwell,

0:02:40.470,0:02:43.620
discussing thermodynamics,

0:02:44.200,0:02:46.450
took a very simple idea

0:02:46.450,0:02:50.160
that if you pour hot liquid[br]into a cold liquid,

0:02:50.160,0:02:53.250
there will be an average[br]temperature of the liquid

0:02:53.250,0:02:56.590
between these two components.

0:02:57.060,0:03:00.100
The only way to stop that[br]would be for a little demon,

0:03:00.100,0:03:01.535
Maxwell's demon,

0:03:01.535,0:03:04.780
to be there and to separate[br]these molecules.

0:03:04.780,0:03:06.480
But absent this demon,

0:03:06.480,0:03:10.630
the law of thermodynamics[br]will say the two liquids will mix

0:03:10.630,0:03:14.190
and will reach[br]an average tepid temperature.

0:03:14.890,0:03:19.810
Leo Szilard, who was[br]a colleague of Einstein, in 1929,

0:03:19.810,0:03:24.290
went one step further and said[br]for the demon to be able to do this,

0:03:24.290,0:03:26.190
the demon needs information

0:03:26.190,0:03:31.320
about which molecules are hot[br]and which molecules are cold.

0:03:31.440,0:03:32.790
If the demon knows that,

0:03:32.790,0:03:36.750
then the demon can, in fact,[br]keep the two liquids separated,

0:03:36.750,0:03:40.200
and, well, they will never reach[br]an average temperature.

0:03:40.520,0:03:44.260
But that means that there is[br]just as much information

0:03:44.260,0:03:46.450
as there is energy in the system,

0:03:46.450,0:03:52.330
and that information and energy are,[br]in fact, the two sides of the same coin.

0:03:52.470,0:03:55.665
So, where's the missing sister of physics?

0:03:56.270,0:03:58.580
Physics of energy has to do, again,

0:03:58.580,0:04:01.297
with particles and atoms[br]and fundamental forces

0:04:01.297,0:04:04.015
and mass and entropy and fields

0:04:04.015,0:04:07.115
and space dimensions - X, Y and Z -

0:04:07.595,0:04:09.535
and T - for time -

0:04:09.555,0:04:12.660
and momentum and inertia[br]and speed and so on ...

0:04:12.660,0:04:19.220
But we never talk about similar concepts[br]on the side of the physics of information,

0:04:19.240,0:04:23.130
and my argument is that[br]in the next 50 years, we will.

0:04:23.960,0:04:25.900
I should disclose to you ...

0:04:25.900,0:04:28.990
I'm in a field where everybody[br]works on full disclosure,

0:04:28.990,0:04:32.960
so I may as well confess to you[br]that I dropped out of physics.

0:04:32.960,0:04:39.360
I have an advanced degree in physics [br]only because I was good in math,

0:04:39.360,0:04:42.550
so I could work out the equations[br]and get the answer.

0:04:43.480,0:04:46.780
But then, I dropped out of it[br]for a couple of reasons.

0:04:46.780,0:04:49.690
First, I could never understand[br]what they meant

0:04:49.690,0:04:51.980
when they said time was a dimension.

0:04:52.145,0:04:56.910
They say, "Okay, there is X, Y and Z,"[br]so I get that from common experience.

0:04:56.990,0:05:00.900
And they say, "Think of time[br]in the same way; only in the equation,

0:05:00.900,0:05:05.620
you put a little "I" in front of "T"[br]for square root of minus 1 -

0:05:05.620,0:05:07.720
but don't think about that -

0:05:07.720,0:05:10.630
and then you treat it the same way,[br]and everything works fine."

0:05:10.630,0:05:15.770
That's in general relativity[br]and other areas of physics -

0:05:15.770,0:05:17.215
that's what you do.

0:05:17.215,0:05:23.465
I could never get that because in X,[br]I can go this way or I can go that way.

0:05:23.465,0:05:25.880
In time, I cannot -[br]I'm not allowed to do that.

0:05:25.880,0:05:30.005
So, we're very good at talking[br]about how time passes;

0:05:30.005,0:05:33.105
we don't know why time passes.

0:05:33.730,0:05:37.870
Similarly, we're very good[br]at talking about how things fall down;

0:05:37.870,0:05:40.370
we don't know why they fall down.

0:05:40.370,0:05:44.750
And again, this is not something[br]you've been taught in physics in college.

0:05:44.750,0:05:48.790
They never said that they[br]couldn't explain those two things.

0:05:48.790,0:05:52.730
The third thing that disgusted[br]me was particles.

0:05:53.790,0:05:56.500
You know, we have particles[br]inside the atoms,

0:05:56.500,0:05:58.810
and then, we have particles[br]inside the particles;

0:05:58.810,0:06:03.110
we have particles inside electrons[br]and photons and everything else.

0:06:03.120,0:06:07.860
And then, since it still[br]doesn't quite work very well,

0:06:07.860,0:06:10.190
we have particles of sub-particles.

0:06:10.190,0:06:11.719
And that reminds me of something

0:06:11.719,0:06:14.819
that happened to astronomy[br]in the Middle Ages,

0:06:14.819,0:06:19.130
when they had cycles and epicycles,[br]and epicycles of epicycles.

0:06:19.130,0:06:22.690
If you keep doing that,[br]everything works fine,

0:06:22.690,0:06:24.920
except that that's not[br]the way reality works.

0:06:24.920,0:06:27.559
So I thought they should go on doing this;

0:06:27.559,0:06:30.519
they should go on[br]with the physics of energy.

0:06:30.519,0:06:34.000
We achieve wonderful things[br]with that science,

0:06:34.000,0:06:36.410
but that's not what I really want to do.

0:06:36.410,0:06:43.000
So I went back looking[br]for the missing little sister of physics,

0:06:43.000,0:06:46.920
and it turns out it's asking[br]fundamental questions

0:06:46.920,0:06:49.030
about the nature of time

0:06:49.030,0:06:52.170
and also about some[br]of the things that happen in our lives,

0:06:52.170,0:06:54.470
like coincidences.

0:06:56.600,0:07:00.060
On July 20, 1996,

0:07:00.060,0:07:03.060
we had a house in the country,[br]north of San Francisco,

0:07:03.060,0:07:05.150
a wonderful area full redwoods,

0:07:05.150,0:07:09.600
and we had some friends[br]over on an evening, for dinner.

0:07:09.600,0:07:11.930
One of our friends was a woman

0:07:11.930,0:07:16.420
who said she was going[br]to be in a play, in Mendocino County,

0:07:16.420,0:07:20.750
and in the play, she was going[br]to read something in French.

0:07:20.750,0:07:24.040
She had not practiced French for a while,

0:07:24.040,0:07:27.170
so she asked us[br]if we had a book in French,

0:07:27.170,0:07:30.390
and we had a bookshelf[br]with English and French books.

0:07:30.390,0:07:32.515
So my wife pulled out a novel,

0:07:32.515,0:07:37.010
which was this novel by René Barjavel,[br]"La peau de César,"

0:07:37.010,0:07:41.840
and she gave it to me,[br]and I opened it at a random page.

0:07:42.490,0:07:45.860
I read a passage at random, which was

0:07:45.860,0:07:49.200
"I was in the Boeing that blew up[br]after take-off at Kennedy Airport,

0:07:49.200,0:07:53.690
a bomb in the hold, 132 dead, remember?"

0:07:54.810,0:08:00.730
Well, this was three days after a Boeing[br]took off from Kennedy Airport

0:08:00.730,0:08:03.800
and blew up over the Atlantic,

0:08:03.970,0:08:06.350
and we were shocked by this.

0:08:06.480,0:08:10.550
If you talk about this kind[br]of coincidence with your friends,

0:08:10.550,0:08:15.320
you'll find that many people have,[br]in fact, had that kind of experience.

0:08:15.320,0:08:16.785
This was not precognition;

0:08:16.785,0:08:22.390
this was three days[br]after the TWA 800 accident.

0:08:22.800,0:08:26.050
But it shook us up and then we forgot it.

0:08:26.050,0:08:31.410
This is the kind of thing that you[br]sort of brush out of your awareness.

0:08:32.500,0:08:35.809
Some scientists have thought[br]deeply about this.

0:08:35.809,0:08:41.040
Going back to the Middle Ages,[br]Facius Cardan, in the 15th century,

0:08:41.040,0:08:47.389
writes in his diary[br]that he had performed some rites

0:08:47.389,0:08:53.619
to make the elementals of the air[br]appear in his laboratory.

0:08:53.619,0:08:56.510
This was a very fashionable thing[br]to do in the 15th century,

0:08:56.510,0:09:00.270
and these creatures appeared before him.

0:09:00.270,0:09:03.409
There were seven sylphs,[br]the creatures of the air.[br]

0:09:03.409,0:09:06.090
Two of them were the chiefs,[br]and they came forward,

0:09:06.090,0:09:09.999
and he asked them what they knew[br]about the nature of the universe.

0:09:09.999,0:09:13.384
It turned out the two sylphs disagreed.

0:09:13.384,0:09:14.959
One of them said,

0:09:14.959,0:09:19.264
"Well, God created the universe[br]once and for all, and here we are."

0:09:19.264,0:09:24.679
The other one said, "No. God created[br]the universe from moment to moment,

0:09:24.679,0:09:28.510
and if He should stop for a minute,[br]everything would disappear."

0:09:28.520,0:09:33.749
So this clicker is not the clicker[br]that I was given earlier.

0:09:33.749,0:09:38.279
It's another occasion,[br]another instance of the same clicker,

0:09:38.279,0:09:42.409
but these clickers are being generated[br]by something in a higher plane,

0:09:42.409,0:09:47.534
which as a software engineer,[br]I understand perfectly; this makes sense.

0:09:47.540,0:09:50.389
It makes no sense in terms[br]of the physics of energy;

0:09:50.389,0:09:53.719
it makes perfect sense[br]in the physics of information,

0:09:53.719,0:09:56.129
and here you have[br]the two models of the world.

0:09:56.129,0:10:00.419
You have the classic physical model,[br]and you have quantum mechanics.

0:10:01.219,0:10:04.079
A number of people[br]have more recently been looking

0:10:04.079,0:10:06.299
for the little sister of physics,

0:10:06.299,0:10:10.909
starting with Wolfgang Pauli,[br]one of the founders of quantum mechanics,

0:10:10.909,0:10:16.189
Carl Jung - and there is extensive[br]correspondence between Pauli and Jung -

0:10:16.189,0:10:19.950
Paul Kammerer, Arthur Koestler,[br]David Bohm, Max Velmans,

0:10:19.950,0:10:25.409
Philippe Guillemant in France, Landauer[br]and Seth Lloyd and many others.

0:10:26.739,0:10:29.439
Carl Jung argued with Pauli,

0:10:29.439,0:10:35.980
and Carl Jung compiled a catalog[br]of coincidences that had happened to him.

0:10:36.250,0:10:40.219
In one case, he was[br]at a conference in another city,[br]

0:10:40.219,0:10:41.709
and in the middle of the night,

0:10:41.709,0:10:45.369
he woke up with a feeling[br]there was somebody in the room.

0:10:45.369,0:10:49.930
He actually got up and checked,[br]and there was nobody in the vicinity,

0:10:49.950,0:10:52.999
but he had the feeling[br]of something hitting his forehead

0:10:52.999,0:10:55.309
and something hitting[br]the back of his head.

0:10:55.309,0:10:58.149
He went back to sleep,[br]and the next day he got a telegram

0:10:58.149,0:11:00.329
that one of his patients[br]had committed suicide

0:11:00.329,0:11:02.064
by shooting himself in the forehead,

0:11:02.064,0:11:05.200
and the bullet had lodged itself[br]in the back of the head.[br]

0:11:05.200,0:11:11.929
Carl Jung, in his books, mentions[br]a number of these remarkable coincidences.

0:11:13.079,0:11:16.830
I had another occasion like this.

0:11:16.830,0:11:22.287
In the 70's, I was concerned[br]about the number of cults

0:11:22.287,0:11:26.877
growing up in California[br]but also in France and elsewhere

0:11:26.877,0:11:30.439
around the idea of extraterrestrials.

0:11:30.439,0:11:36.740
Some of these groups call themselves[br]the Melchizedek cult.

0:11:37.660,0:11:42.290
They use as inspiration[br]the biblical figure of Melchizedek.

0:11:42.290,0:11:47.490
This is a representation of Melchizedek[br]at Chartres Cathedral,

0:11:47.490,0:11:48.830
which is very beautiful.

0:11:48.830,0:11:53.320
Melchizedek is a very[br]interesting, very mystical,

0:11:53.320,0:11:57.870
very mysterious figure in the Bible.

0:11:58.160,0:12:02.770
He is a very powerful figure[br]because he initiated Abraham

0:12:02.790,0:12:07.860
and actually was the origin[br]of all three religions of the book:

0:12:07.860,0:12:11.690
the Islamist, the Jewish[br]and the Christian religion.

0:12:13.370,0:12:15.665
I was going to an interview[br]in Los Angeles,

0:12:15.665,0:12:18.670
took a taxi at random[br]from the flow of traffic,

0:12:18.670,0:12:20.820
got to my interview.

0:12:21.050,0:12:25.920
When I got home, I looked[br]at the receipt from the driver,

0:12:25.920,0:12:28.590
and the receipt was signed Melchizedek.

0:12:28.870,0:12:32.110
Now, that got me

0:12:32.110,0:12:37.020
on a strange series of thoughts.

0:12:37.020,0:12:38.030
At the time,

0:12:38.030,0:12:40.790
there was research going on[br]at Stanford Research Institute,

0:12:40.790,0:12:41.820
on parapsychology.

0:12:41.840,0:12:46.100
I was part of that program,[br]the program of remote viewing.

0:12:46.100,0:12:47.840
Uri Geller was there.

0:12:47.840,0:12:51.880
Uri Geller thought that he could[br]communicate with extraterrestrials

0:12:51.880,0:12:55.640
on board a platform called "Hoover,"

0:12:55.640,0:12:58.530
and that he was getting[br]communications from them,

0:12:58.530,0:13:04.810
which enabled him to do what[br]he was performing in our laboratory.

0:13:05.420,0:13:09.530
I thought, "Well, this seems[br]to be the same kind of communication.

0:13:09.530,0:13:12.020
Something is communicating with me."

0:13:12.810,0:13:16.649
Over the next several weeks,[br]I did a number of experiments,

0:13:16.649,0:13:20.519
and I convinced myself[br]that these coincidences,

0:13:21.229,0:13:24.429
some of them mean[br]something powerful, as Jung said.

0:13:24.429,0:13:27.090
Others mean absolutely nothing.

0:13:27.090,0:13:30.800
It's just the way the world is organized.

0:13:31.210,0:13:35.839
So let's go back and do[br]a little bit of software thinking.

0:13:35.839,0:13:37.519
If you have a small library ...

0:13:37.519,0:13:41.640
This is the Library of Congress,[br]33 million books.

0:13:41.640,0:13:43.725
Thirty-three million books is nothing.

0:13:43.725,0:13:47.725
I mean, that's what Facebook[br]does in one afternoon.

0:13:47.735,0:13:51.819
Today, Google is getting[br]35 hours of video per minute

0:13:51.819,0:13:55.450
uploaded to the YouTube site.

0:13:55.879,0:13:59.379
So, if you have a small library,[br]you can still work with coordinates.

0:13:59.379,0:14:02.560
You have shelves,[br]and you have vertical stacks,

0:14:02.560,0:14:05.240
and so you have X, Y and Z,[br]and that works fine.

0:14:05.240,0:14:07.160
If somebody sends you 10,000 books,

0:14:07.160,0:14:10.750
you can push the existing books[br]a little to insert the new books.

0:14:10.750,0:14:14.869
If you have enough staff people[br]at your disposal, it works fine.

0:14:15.264,0:14:18.599
If you have a modern library[br]which looks like this -

0:14:19.599,0:14:22.880
this is Google, Facebook, Twitter -

0:14:22.880,0:14:25.865
you can't do that anymore, [br]you can't use dimensions.

0:14:25.865,0:14:29.645
You sprinkle the information[br]that comes in, statistically,

0:14:29.645,0:14:32.839
in virtual memory,[br]in an infinite virtual memory.

0:14:32.839,0:14:36.679
Then you have a hashing code

0:14:36.679,0:14:42.499
that enables you to get it back when[br]somebody asks a question out to Google.

0:14:42.499,0:14:44.830
The result is statistical.

0:14:44.865,0:14:49.115
Some of it means something;[br]some of it means nothing.

0:14:50.290,0:14:53.759
This is now starting[br]to be mainstream physics.[br]

0:14:54.084,0:14:58.564
Dr. Guillemant in France[br]is a CNRS physicist,

0:14:58.574,0:15:02.359
and in his latest book, "La route[br]du temps" - "The Road of Time" -

0:15:02.359,0:15:06.600
he argues that synchronicities[br]are caused by a double causality:

0:15:06.600,0:15:09.780
our intentions cause effects in the future

0:15:09.780,0:15:13.650
that become the future causes[br]of present effects.

0:15:13.650,0:15:16.939
Again, this is now becoming[br]mainstream physics.

0:15:16.939,0:15:23.339
To conclude, there are four requirements[br]for the new physics of 2061.

0:15:23.739,0:15:26.720
First, we should recognize the universe[br]

0:15:26.720,0:15:30.830
as a sub-system of a mental reality[br]of information structures.

0:15:30.830,0:15:34.640
It's all information structure,[br]and it's all simultaneous.

0:15:35.430,0:15:37.080
I don't mean it's a database.

0:15:37.080,0:15:41.680
I don't mean to use analogs[br]with current, crude technology.

0:15:41.680,0:15:46.770
It's something obviously much bigger,[br]much more complex, but you get the idea.

0:15:47.039,0:15:50.370
We should recognize dimensions[br]as a cultural artifact.

0:15:50.370,0:15:52.315
We create dimensions[br]

0:15:52.315,0:15:56.130
because we have small libraries [br]and we need X, Y and Z.

0:15:56.130,0:15:58.600
But we don't need them in physics,

0:15:58.600,0:16:02.445
so we should do away[br]with the concept of dimensions

0:16:02.445,0:16:04.590
in the physics of the future.

0:16:05.300,0:16:07.384
The present is over-determined.

0:16:07.384,0:16:08.694
As Guillemant says,

0:16:08.694,0:16:12.644
it is determined from the past[br]and it is determined from the future.

0:16:12.964,0:16:18.479
And finally, consciousness is generating[br]the impression of space and time.

0:16:18.579,0:16:20.519
That's what space-time is.

0:16:20.519,0:16:25.230
It is consciousness traversing[br]associations in this world of information

0:16:25.230,0:16:28.570
and creating the illusion[br]of space and time.

0:16:29.245,0:16:31.850
So, my proposal to you

0:16:31.850,0:16:35.840
is that we let physicists[br]continue with the physics of energy.

0:16:35.840,0:16:38.920
They do that very well[br]and will eventually have a way

0:16:38.920,0:16:42.430
of reconciling relativity[br]with quantum mechanics.

0:16:42.430,0:16:45.380
Let's go on and look[br]for the missing sister.

0:16:45.490,0:16:47.019
Thank you very much.

0:16:47.019,0:16:49.369
(Applause)