[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.19,0:00:05.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When it comes to dietary-centered discussions\Nbetween non-vegans and vegans, things can
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.67,0:00:11.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,easily become heated. From academic one-upmanship\Nof the most recent research to the far more
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.69,0:00:16.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,informal frenzied exchange of sardonic memes\Nand crafty YouTube comments,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.99,0:00:20.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's safe to say: “words are had.”
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.50,0:00:24.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, one team of international scientists\Ndecided to analyze the arguments from
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.96,0:00:29.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the meat-eating camp by bringing out the big guns: \Nthe N-Words.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.100,0:00:40.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hi it's Emily from Bite Size Vegan and welcome\Nto another vegan nugget. Humans have a wide
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.48,0:00:46.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,array of reasons for eating animals. From\Ntaste to tradition to nutrition, to the absurd
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.20,0:00:52.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,assertion that animals want to be eaten—yes\Nthat’s a thing and it’s far more common
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.45,0:00:53.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than you may think.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.90,0:00:59.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what’s behind this need to justify,\Nexplain and rationalize the consumption of animals?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.84,0:01:05.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why do omnivores often offer up unbidden\Nimpassioned defenses of their dietary practices
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.79,0:01:11.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,upon learning someone is vegan—whether they\Nbe passive apologies for consuming meat in
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.08,0:01:13.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their presence or outright attacks and challenges?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.26,0:01:20.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, nothing provokes our knee-jerk defenses\Nor highlights our human capacity for award-worthy
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.38,0:01:25.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rationalizations, and impassioned justifications,\Nquite like the perceived judgment
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.56,0:01:28.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of behaviors we’re already insecure about.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.55,0:01:34.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Despite the seemingly endless iterations of\Nmeat-eating defenses, a similar refrain has
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.34,0:01:39.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,been coursing through them for thousands of\Nyears. (Yes, thousands).
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.54,0:01:46.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2015, an international team of researchers\Nproduced the first empirical systematic study
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.24,0:01:51.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of meat-consumption rationalizations, more\Nor less corralling the multitudes of justifications
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.93,0:01:57.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into four main categories, denoted by what\Nthey call the 4N’s:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.06,0:02:01.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it’s Natural, Normal, Necessary, and Nice.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.53,0:02:05.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Building off of the 3N’s presented in Dr.\NMelanie Joy’s landmark text
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.91,0:02:12.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs and Wear Cows, the team added the 4th N of “Nice” to capture “the
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.24,0:02:16.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enjoyment people derive from eating meat,”\Nwhich they said “is a major barrier to reducing
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.98,0:02:22.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meat consumption and/or adopting a vegetarian\Ndiet,” as they found that, “meat-eaters…often
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.35,0:02:27.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,appeal to the tastiness of meat, or the hedonic\Npleasure that they derive from it, as a justification
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.76,0:02:33.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for its continued consumption,” a rationale\Nnot encompassed within Joy’s original 3 strata.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.45,0:02:38.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this video, I’ll be presenting an overview\Nof this particular study, the drive behind
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.34,0:02:42.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the human need for rationalization, as well\Nas touch upon the broader implications of
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.53,0:02:47.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the 4Ns—which reach far beyond the realm\Nof dietary dissonance into
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.11,0:02:50.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“Many historical practices, from slavery to sexism.”
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.88,0:02:56.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Perhaps most controversially, the study strove\Nto address the question: are omnivores inherently
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.64,0:03:01.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more tolerant of social inequality within\Ntheir own species?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.05,0:03:05.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let’s start with a quick look at the 4N’s\Nas defined within the study’s parameters,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.99,0:03:11.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,again with the first 3 taking inspiration\Nfrom Dr. Joy’s Three N’s of Justification.”
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.91,0:03:14.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,N #1: Eating Meat Is Natural
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.99,0:03:21.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our first N “Appeals to biology, biological\Nhierarchy, natural selection, human evolution,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.09,0:03:23.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the naturalness of eating meat.”
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.49,0:03:27.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Examples include: It is natural for humans\Nto eat meat; Humans are carnivores; We’ve
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.71,0:03:32.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,always eaten meat and/or have evolved to do\Nso; We have canine teeth; Animals eat other
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.04,0:03:34.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,animals; Animals are here for us to eat; et\Ncetera
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.78,0:03:37.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,N #2: Eating Meat Is Necessary
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.87,0:03:43.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The 2nd N “Appeals to the necessity of meat\Nfor survival, strength, development, health,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.56,0:03:46.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,animal population control, or economic stability.”
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.46,0:03:51.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Examples include: Humans need meat to survive;\NMeat provides good nutrients; Our bodies need
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.31,0:03:55.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the protein; Protein is a necessary part of\Nour diet; and, one of my personal favorites:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.57,0:03:59.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because if we didn’t, there would be an\Noverabundance of certain animals.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.70,0:04:06.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I made a video about that. A while ago. I dance in\Nit.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.76,0:04:09.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,N #3: Eating Meat Is Normal
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.94,0:04:14.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The 3rd N “Appeals to dominant \Nsocietal norms, normative behavior,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.24,0:04:18.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,historical human behavior, or socially constructed food pyramids.”
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.47,0:04:22.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Examples include: Society says it’s okay;\NI was raised eating meat; Meat is culturally
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.72,0:04:25.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,accepted or an important part of tradition;\NA lot of other people eat meat;
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.76,0:04:28.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s abnormal NOT to eat meat; et cetera
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.74,0:04:34.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And finally the additional N #4: Eating Meat\NIs Nice
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.06,0:04:38.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This new N was introduced to capture “Appeals\Nto the tastiness of meat,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.32,0:04:41.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or that it is fulfilling or satisfying.”
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.09,0:04:46.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Examples include: It tastes good; It’s delicious;\NTastes great (I mean bacon...come on)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.32,0:04:52.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[yes, that’s actually in the official study. Table1];
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.10,0:04:58.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Meat adds so much flavor to a meal it does not make sense to leave it out”, “The best tasting food
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.16,0:05:02.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is normally a meat-based dish; Meals without meat would just be bland and boring; et cetera
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.90,0:05:06.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s important to note that a number of\Nobjections and diversion tactics fall a bit
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.84,0:05:12.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,outside the realm of the 4Ns. In the first\Ntwo studies, wherein respondents offered spontaneous
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.84,0:05:18.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,justifications, categories of Humane Slaughter,\NReligion, Sustainability, Various Miscellany
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.91,0:05:22.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the outright rejection of the study’s\Npremise were recorded.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.93,0:05:27.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While they subsequently included concepts\Nof religion, hierarchy and fate within the
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.53,0:05:31.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“Natural” category and health arguments\Nwithin the “Necessary,” at the study’s
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.99,0:05:36.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,outset, the team clarified that while “there\Nare numerous strategies available to omnivores
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.79,0:05:42.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to bring their beliefs and behavior in line,\Nincluding denying that animals used as food
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.38,0:05:47.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,suffer or that such animals are worthy of\Nmoral concern,” their goal was to focus
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.27,0:05:51.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the “common, yet under-studied mechanism\N[of] rationalization.”
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.74,0:05:56.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unlike straight up denials of animal sentience,\Nwillful ignorance or passive avoidance of what
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.78,0:06:02.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we do to animals—essentially the “I don’t\Nsee it so it doesn’t happen” mentality—“
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.10,0:06:06.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rationalization involves providing reasonable\Njustifications for one’s behavior when it
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.95,0:06:12.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,comes under scrutiny or criticism, or when\None’s behavior is perceived as discrepant
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.13,0:06:14.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with an integral aspect of one’s character.”
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.90,0:06:19.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what were the results? To go in depth,\Nplease see the blog post for this video linked
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.83,0:06:23.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the description, but some of the main\Nfindings were as follows:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.58,0:06:29.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Overall, as expected, “omnivores had the\Nhighest 4N scores, followed by semi-vegetarians.”
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.85,0:06:33.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(meaning people who only eat some animals…apparently).
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.82,0:06:38.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“Vegetarians and dietary and lifestyle vegans had the lowest 4N scores.”
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.76,0:06:42.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Men endorsed the 4Ns more strongly than did\Nwomen.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.44,0:06:47.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Men also engaged in more direct justification\Nstrategies, while women tended towards “indirect
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.75,0:06:51.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,strategies of dissociating or avoiding thoughts\Nof animal suffering.”
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.83,0:06:56.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In regards to whether “individuals…who\Nconsume higher quantities of meat…tend to
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.29,0:07:02.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be more supportive of inequality in group\Nrelationships” and “endorse anti-egalitarian values,"
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.82,0:07:08.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they found, as did previous research,\Nthat “meat justification appears to be related
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.17,0:07:10.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to inequality justification.”
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.46,0:07:16.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The researchers invoked Dr. Joy’s examples\Nof the 3Ns employment across others issues,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.28,0:07:21.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from slavery to women’s suffrage. “Opponents\Nof women’s suffrage… appealed to the necessity
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.85,0:07:28.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of denying women the vote to prevent ‘irreparable\Ndamage’ to the nation, to the natural superiority
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.11,0:07:33.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of male intelligence, and to the historical\Nnormalness of male-only voting as
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.73,0:07:35.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“designed by our forefathers.”
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.26,0:07:40.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the end, it’s the reasons behind the\Nrationalizations, the very need for them at
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.97,0:07:45.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all that are the most profound aspect of this\Nentire issue. It’s something I’ve gone
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.70,0:07:50.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into in depth in many of my videos, including\Nthis revealing speech, along with others I’ve
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.46,0:07:52.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,listed in the video description below.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.88,0:07:57.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Living in a state of cognitive dissonance\Nwherein our actions directly conflict with
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.85,0:08:03.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our own professed morals and values, causes\Nextreme dis-ease within us.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.33,0:08:10.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eating animals is, in essence, living a double life. Attempting to be animal lovers and animal killers.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.72,0:08:15.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To see ourselves as good people while we pay\Nothers to carry out barbaric acts of cruelty
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.92,0:08:19.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we would never directly inflict upon another being.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.62,0:08:23.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is what the study’s creators termed\Nthe “meat paradox.”
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.26,0:08:28.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Omnivores are left with the choice of either changing their behaviors to align with their values by ceasing
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.60,0:08:34.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to eat animals and their byproducts, or manipulating\Ntheir perception of reality in such a way
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.12,0:08:38.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it at least appears that their behaviors\Nalign with their values.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.14,0:08:43.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not surprisingly, the majority of the world\Nchooses the latter. Because changing our behavior
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.59,0:08:48.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it comes to eating animals means confronting\Nhead-on our complicity in their enslavement,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.40,0:08:54.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,torture, and murder. It means facing the horrors\Nwe’ve supported and vehemently defended.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.51,0:08:58.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It means looking ourselves in the mirror with\Noutright honesty.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.76,0:09:03.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And brining up protein, desert islands, canines,\Ntraditions, the wisdom of the masses, and all
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.83,0:09:10.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the litany of rationalizations, justifications and\Navoidances, is by far an easier and safer choice.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.64,0:09:16.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is bliss in ignorance. \NFor the ignorant.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.04,0:09:22.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I hope that this video was helpful, and perhaps\Neven prompts the slightest moment of reflection
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.76,0:09:26.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the aspects of our behavior we strive so\Nardently to justify.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.14,0:09:30.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Please share it around to spark discussion\Nand I’d love to hear your thoughts in the
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.70,0:09:34.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,comments below. Do give the video a like if\Nyou liked it and subscribe for more vegan
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.85,0:09:39.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,content every Monday, Wednesday and some Fridays.\NTo support messages like this, see the support
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.75,0:09:44.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,links below or join us in the Nugget Army\Non Patreon via the link in the sidebar.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.35,0:09:48.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now go live vegan, own up to your actions,\Nand I’ll see you soon.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.12,0:09:54.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a stink bug that keeps flying. He's haning out on the light right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.40,0:09:56.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whoop! There he goes!
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.00,0:09:57.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ahh!
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.96,0:09:59.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dude, you're freaking me out!
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.28,0:10:04.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're making me feel very unvegan. When you fly at me and it scares me
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.92,0:10:08.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I'm supposed to love all creatures and you're scaring me a little bit, when you do that.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.28,0:10:12.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alright little dude, I'm taking you outside.