[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.06,0:00:10.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was the Western Hemisphere’s \Nlargest empire ever,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.22,0:00:13.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a population \Nof nearly 10 million subjects.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.82,0:00:17.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over an area of more \Nthan 900,000 square kilometers,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.96,0:00:21.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,its people built massive \Nadministrative centers,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.18,0:00:25.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,temples, and extensive road \Nand canal systems.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.66,0:00:30.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They did so in an inhospitable, \Nextreme terrain,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.25,0:00:37.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all without the use of wheels, \Nhorses, iron, or even written language.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.96,0:00:41.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet within 100 years of its rise \Nin the fifteenth century,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.55,0:00:45.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Inca Empire would be no more.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.39,0:00:47.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,According to legend,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.03,0:00:51.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ancestors of the Inca rulers \Nwere created by the sun god Inti,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.73,0:00:55.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they emerged\Nfrom a cave called Tambo Toco.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.62,0:01:01.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Leading four brothers \Nand four sisters was Ayar Manco,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.07,0:01:03.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who carried a golden staff \Nwith instructions
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.67,0:01:06.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to find the place where \Nit would sink into the ground,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.93,0:01:09.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,showing fertile soil.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.28,0:01:12.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After many adventures \Nand extensive searching,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.41,0:01:16.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ayar Manco and his siblings \Nreached the Cuzco Valley,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.62,0:01:19.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the staff pierced the ground.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.66,0:01:23.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After fighting off the fierce \Nlocal native population,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.20,0:01:25.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they founded their capital,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.03,0:01:34.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Ayar Manco became Manco Capac, \Nthe first Sapa Inca, or king of the Incas.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.84,0:01:37.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Archaeological evidence suggests
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.19,0:01:41.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the Incas first settled \Nin this valley around 1200 CE.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.87,0:01:45.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They remained a small kingdom until 1438,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.70,0:01:49.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they were nearly overrun \Nby the neighboring Chanka tribe.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.97,0:01:56.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Inca king at this time, Viracocha, \Nand his designated heir fled in fear,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.16,0:01:58.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but one of his other sons remained
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.10,0:02:01.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and successfully rallied \Nthe city’s defenses.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.33,0:02:05.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For his military skill, he became \Nthe ninth Inca ruler,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.83,0:02:11.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,assuming the name of Pachacuti, \Nor "Cataclysm."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.22,0:02:15.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pachacuti expanded Inca rule \Nthroughout the Andes mountains,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.66,0:02:20.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,transforming the kingdom into \Nan empire through extensive reforms.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.96,0:02:28.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The empire’s territory was reorganized \Nas Tahuantinsuyu, or "four quarters,"
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.44,0:02:32.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with four divisions ruled \Nby governors reporting to the king.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.92,0:02:35.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Although the Inca had no writing,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.15,0:02:39.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they used a complex system \Nof knotted strings called quipu
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.99,0:02:44.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to record numbers \Nand perhaps other information.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.02,0:02:47.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A decimal-based bureaucracy \Nenabled systematic
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.20,0:02:50.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and efficient taxation \Nof the empire’s subjects.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.50,0:02:56.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In return, the empire provided security, \Ninfrastructure, and sustenance,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.83,0:03:01.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with great storehouses containing \Nnecessities to be used when needed.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.68,0:03:04.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Great terraces and irrigation works \Nwere built
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.32,0:03:07.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and various crops were grown in \Nat different altitudes
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.51,0:03:10.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be transported all over the empire.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.73,0:03:13.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it was during Pachacuti’s reign
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.10,0:03:17.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the famous estate \Nof Machu Picchu was constructed.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.74,0:03:22.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pachacuti’s son Topa Inca continued \Nthe empire’s military expansion,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.85,0:03:28.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he eventually became ruler\Nin 1471 CE.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.10,0:03:33.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the end of his reign, the empire \Ncovered much of western South America.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.62,0:03:39.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Topa’s son Huayna Capac \Nsucceeded him in 1493.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.22,0:03:44.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the new ruler’s distant military \Ncampaigns strained the social fabric.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.25,0:03:49.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in 1524, Huayna Capac \Nwas stricken by fever.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.24,0:03:53.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Spanish conquistadors had arrived \Nin the Caribbean some time before,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.72,0:03:58.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bringing diseases to which \Nthe native peoples had no resistance.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.71,0:04:01.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Millions died in the outbreak,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.28,0:04:05.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including Huayna Capac\Nand his designated heir.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.77,0:04:11.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The vacant throne ignited a civil war\Nbetween two of the surviving brothers,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.50,0:04:14.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Atahualpa and Huascar,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.37,0:04:16.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,greatly weakening the empire.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.41,0:04:20.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1532, after finally winning \Nthe Inca civil war,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.87,0:04:25.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Atahualpa and his army \Nencountered the European invaders.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.76,0:04:27.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Although greatly outnumbered,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.71,0:04:32.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Francisco Pizarro \Nand his small group of conquistadors
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.43,0:04:36.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stunned the king’s much larger force \Nwith guns and horses,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.84,0:04:39.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,neither of which they had seen before.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.76,0:04:44.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Atahualpa was taken captive \Nand killed about a year later.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.79,0:04:49.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Spanish conquerors \Nwere awed by the capital of Cuzco.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.38,0:04:55.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pizarro described it as so beautiful that\N“it would be remarkable even in Spain.”
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.91,0:04:57.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Though the capital had fallen
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.67,0:05:01.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the native population had been\Ndestroyed by civil war and disease,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.93,0:05:06.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some Incas fell back to \Na new capital at Vilcabamba
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.76,0:05:09.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and resisted for the next 40 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.46,0:05:15.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But by 1572, the Spaniards had destroyed \Nall remaining resistance
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.38,0:05:19.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,along with much of the Incas’ physical \Nand cultural legacy.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.22,0:05:25.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thus, the great Inca empire fell \Neven faster than it had risen.