1
00:00:01,072 --> 00:00:02,313
Pfizer pekee.

2
00:00:02,313 --> 00:00:06,070
Wakijaribu kunipa Johnson & Johnson,
Nitawaambia wanipe COVID badala yake.

3
00:00:06,070 --> 00:00:09,454
Msimulizi: Mtandao unaonekana kujua
ni chanjo zipi hasa ni bora zaidi

4
00:00:09,454 --> 00:00:10,778
na mbaya zaidi.

5
00:00:10,796 --> 00:00:11,798
M: Moderna?

6
00:00:11,818 --> 00:00:13,400
Zaidi kama ya kawaida, 
wastani.

7
00:00:13,420 --> 00:00:14,566
Hatufanyi wastani.

8
00:00:14,586 --> 00:00:16,318
Mira Frike: Wanadamu hupenda
kulinganisha.

9
00:00:16,338 --> 00:00:19,469
Si ajabu tunafanya hivyo pia
na chanjo za COVID-19.

10
00:00:19,768 --> 00:00:23,206
Tatizo ni kwamba huwezi
kulinganisha chanjo kwa urahisi.

11
00:00:23,286 --> 00:00:27,407
Na kufanya hivyo yaweza hata
kuwa na madhara katika janga.

12
00:00:28,677 --> 00:00:30,444
N: Sisi hujishughulisha
kuangalia nambari hizi -

13
00:00:30,464 --> 00:00:31,658
viwango vya ufanisi -

14
00:00:31,678 --> 00:00:34,919
kwa sababu vinapima
uwezekano wako wa kupata COVID-19

15
00:00:34,939 --> 00:00:36,816
baada ya kupewa chanjo.

16
00:00:37,983 --> 00:00:41,130
MF: Tatizo ni kwamba nambari hizi
hazikutengenezwa ziwe sawa.

17
00:00:41,150 --> 00:00:44,603
Badala yake, huamuliwa kulingana 
na wakati na mahali

18
00:00:44,603 --> 00:00:45,603
majaribio ya ufanisi yalifanyika.

19
00:00:45,603 --> 00:00:46,656
Carlos Guzmán: Nadhani
ulinganisho wa ufanisi wa chanjo

20
00:00:46,676 --> 00:00:49,386
nje ya muktadha inaweza kusababisha 
matokeo potovu sana.

21
00:00:49,406 --> 00:00:51,817
Kuna tofauti kuu katikati ya watu 
wanofanyiwa utafiti,

22
00:00:51,843 --> 00:00:56,817
kwa mfano; umri, jinsia, 
mazingira, hali zilizopo awali.

23
00:00:56,817 --> 00:01:02,395
N: Je, majaribio ya ufanisi 
hufanyaje kazi?

24
00:01:02,875 --> 00:01:05,005
Washiriki hugawanywa
katika vikundi viwili.

25
00:01:05,025 --> 00:01:07,313
Kundi moja hupata chanjo;
nyingine, placebo.

26
00:01:07,333 --> 00:01:10,330
Kisha wanaendelea na maisha yao 
kama kawaida.

27
00:01:10,810 --> 00:01:13,240
Baada ya muda fulani,

28
00:01:13,761 --> 00:01:15,396
watafiti wanahesabu
wangapi kati yao waliugua COVID-19.

29
00:01:15,416 --> 00:01:18,651
Ikiwa washiriki wote ambao waliugua
alitoka kwa kikundi cha placebo,

30
00:01:19,123 --> 00:01:22,787
na sufuri kutoka kwa kikundi cha chanjo,

31
00:01:22,807 --> 00:01:24,932
chanjo itakuwa na ufanisi 100%.

32
00:01:24,952 --> 00:01:27,505
Na ikiwa ni idadi sawa ya watu
kutoka kwa vikundi vyote viwili waliugua,

33
00:01:28,267 --> 00:01:32,090
ufanisi wa chanjo itakuwa sufuri

34
00:01:32,110 --> 00:01:34,319
kwa sababu hatari ya kuambukizwa
haikubadilika na chanjo.

35
00:01:34,339 --> 00:01:38,031
Lakini uwezekano wa washiriki
kupata ugonjwa wakati wa majaribio

36
00:01:38,907 --> 00:01:42,646
inalingana na jumla ya kiwango 
cha maambukizi katika mazingira yao.

37
00:01:42,666 --> 00:01:45,854
CG: Pia kuna tofauti katika suala la 
uwepo au kutokuwepo kwa lahaja ya virusi

38
00:01:46,076 --> 00:01:51,289
ambayo hupigwa kwa ufanisi mdogo
au mwingi na kingamwili

39
00:01:51,601 --> 00:01:56,542
zinazochochewa na aina ya protini
ya virusi vya asili vya SARS-CoV-2

40
00:01:56,562 --> 00:02:01,271
ambayo ilijumuishwa
katika chanjo za sasa.

41
00:02:01,271 --> 00:02:04,433
MF: Kwa hivyo wakati tunafikiria
tunajua ni chanjo gani bora,

42
00:02:04,768 --> 00:02:08,514
maoni yetu kwa kweli yameathiriwa
na sababu za kimazingira.

43
00:02:08,534 --> 00:02:12,905
N: Hebu tuangalie mfano.

44
00:02:13,489 --> 00:02:15,138
Majaribio ya Moderna na Pfizer
yalifanyika zaidi nchini Marekani

45
00:02:15,468 --> 00:02:19,078
na kabla ya kuwasili kwa aina
za anuwai zaidi za kuambukiza,

46
00:02:19,098 --> 00:02:22,395
kama ile ya kutoka Uingereza au Afrika Kusini.

47
00:02:22,415 --> 00:02:25,133
Majaribio ya AstraZeneca na Johnson & Johnson, 
kwa upande mwingine,

48
00:02:27,498 --> 00:02:30,927
yalifanyika baadaye

49
00:02:30,927 --> 00:02:32,615
au katika nchi

50
00:02:32,635 --> 00:02:33,645
ambazo anuwai zaidi za kuambukiza ziliibuka
na zikawa zaidi katika maambukizi.

51
00:02:33,665 --> 00:02:37,917
MF: Hivyo viwango vya ufanisi
haitakuwa sawa kabisa

52
00:02:40,159 --> 00:02:43,231
katika mazingira halisi ya ulimwengu,

53
00:02:43,251 --> 00:02:44,946
na inaweza kubadilika kwa wakati.

54
00:02:44,966 --> 00:02:46,680
CG: Kwa mfano, hivi majuzi
tuna ripoti kutoka Qatar,

55
00:02:46,700 --> 00:02:49,676
ambapo 50% na 45% ya maambukizi

56
00:02:49,695 --> 00:02:53,594
yanasababishwa na lahaja ya
Afrika Kusini na Uingereza.

57
00:02:53,614 --> 00:02:57,444
Utafiti huu ulituonyesha kuwa ufanisi wa
chanjo ya BioNTech/Pfizer

58
00:02:57,603 --> 00:03:02,136
hupungua hadi 89% na 75% 
kwa maambukizi yanayosababishwa

59
00:03:02,136 --> 00:03:03,136
na lahaja ya Uingereza na Afrika Kusini.

60
00:03:03,136 --> 00:03:10,432
MF: Lakini labda kumekuwa na urekebishaji
mwingi sana juu ya ufanisi wakati huu wote.

61
00:03:10,456 --> 00:03:14,905
N: Ufanisi kwa kawaida ni kipimo
kwa matokeo bora zaidi iwezekanavyo:

62
00:03:14,905 --> 00:03:19,025
hakuna dalili hata kidogo.

63
00:03:19,045 --> 00:03:20,349
Badala yake, tunaweza kuangalia|
jinsi chanjo zinazuia kulazwa hospitalini

64
00:03:21,118 --> 00:03:22,461
na kifo kutoka na COVID-19,
kwa sababu chanjo hizi zote hufanya hivyo vizuri.

65
00:03:22,481 --> 00:03:26,602
MF: Sasa kuna kipengele kingine
ambayo huathiri jinsi tunavyohukumu chanjo:

66
00:03:26,622 --> 00:03:30,254
madhara.

67
00:03:33,384 --> 00:03:37,594
N: Taarifa za kuganda kwa damu
zimetengeneza vichwa vya habari

68
00:03:38,069 --> 00:03:39,073
na kuwatia watu wasiwasi.

69
00:03:39,421 --> 00:03:42,040
EU pia iliamua
isihuishe mikataba yake

70
00:03:42,060 --> 00:03:43,536
na AstraZeneca na Johnson & Johnson.

71
00:03:43,556 --> 00:03:46,138
Hii yote inaweza kutoa hisia kwamba 
chanjo zingine ni mbaya zaidi kuliko zingine.

72
00:03:46,158 --> 00:03:48,567
MF: Lakini tena, si rahisi hivyo

73
00:03:48,587 --> 00:03:52,609
kwa sababu hatari ya kila mtu binafsi 
ya kuambukizwa

74
00:03:53,684 --> 00:03:55,704
huathiri tathmini ya
jinsi kila chanjo ina manufaa.

75
00:03:55,724 --> 00:03:59,046
N: Hebu tuangalie mfano
na chanjo ya AstraZeneca

76
00:03:59,066 --> 00:04:03,193
na kuchukua viwango vya wastani vya 
maambukizi kuwa kesi 55 kwa laki moja.

77
00:04:04,162 --> 00:04:06,908
Kati ya watu 100,000 
walio chini ya umri wa miaka 29,

78
00:04:06,926 --> 00:04:11,391
ni wawili tu wataadhirika na ganda la nadra 
la damu baada ya chanjo ya AstraZeneca,

79
00:04:11,701 --> 00:04:15,135
lakini hakuna ambaye angehitaji uangalizi mahututi
kutokana na maambukizi ya COVID-19.

80
00:04:15,155 --> 00:04:19,568
Lakini mtu zaidi ya miaka 60

81
00:04:19,588 --> 00:04:23,686
ana uwezekano mkubwa zaidi wa kuishia
katika uangalizi maalum na COVID-19

82
00:04:24,007 --> 00:04:25,729
na uwezekano mdogo wa kuadhirika na
ganda la nadra la damu.

83
00:04:25,749 --> 00:04:29,312
MF: Ndio maana baadhi ya serikali
zinapendekeza chanjo cha AstraZeneca

84
00:04:29,332 --> 00:04:31,622
tu kwa watu wenye umri wa miaka 60+.

85
00:04:31,642 --> 00:04:34,688
Lakini tathmini hii inabadilika
ikiwa viwango vya maambukizi ni vya juu.

86
00:04:34,708 --> 00:04:36,795
N: Wacha tuangalie hesabu sawa
lakini kwa viwango vya juu vya maambukizi.

87
00:04:36,966 --> 00:04:40,383
Hapa, kesi 401 kwa laki moja.

88
00:04:41,064 --> 00:04:44,589
Sasa kila mtu ana uwezekano mkubwa wa kuishia
katika uangalizi maalum kutokana na COVID-19

89
00:04:44,609 --> 00:04:47,398
kuliko kuganda kwa damu
baada ya chanjo.

90
00:04:47,748 --> 00:04:51,910
Katika hali hii, faida ya kupata 
chanjo ya AstraZeneca

91
00:04:51,930 --> 00:04:54,849
inazidi hatari ya kuganda kwa damu
kwa makundi yote ya umri.

92
00:04:55,317 --> 00:04:58,980
CG: Na bila shaka,

93
00:04:59,000 --> 00:05:02,794
kwa uingiliaji wa kuzuia 
unaolenga watu wenye afya, kama chanjo,

94
00:05:06,972 --> 00:05:07,979
ni muhimu

95
00:05:07,999 --> 00:05:13,345
kwamba usawa wa hatari na faida

96
00:05:13,345 --> 00:05:14,354
inakubalika kwa watu tofauti,
vikundi au hata watu binafsi.

97
00:05:14,374 --> 00:05:15,900
MF: Je, kuna baadhi ya chanjo
mbaya zaidi kuliko zingine?

98
00:05:15,920 --> 00:05:20,452
Tukiangalia tu madhara,

99
00:05:20,472 --> 00:05:22,570
zingine hufanya vizuri zaidi,

100
00:05:22,594 --> 00:05:24,668
angalau kutokana na kile 
tunachojua hadi sasa.

101
00:05:24,686 --> 00:05:26,692
Lakini hiyo ni kipengele kimoja tu

102
00:05:26,712 --> 00:05:28,627
na isiwe pekee tunayozingatia.

103
00:05:29,144 --> 00:05:31,000
CG: Nadhani suala kuu

104
00:05:31,022 --> 00:05:33,096
ni kwamba chanjo au mpango
wa chanjo bora zaidi

105
00:05:33,578 --> 00:05:35,050
ni ule unaoturuhusu
kuzuia magonjwa na kifo.

106
00:05:35,070 --> 00:05:38,135
Na bila shaka, kupunguza matokeo 
moja kwa moja na yasiyo ya moja kwa moja -

107
00:05:38,155 --> 00:05:40,838
matokeo mabaya -

108
00:05:41,839 --> 00:05:46,086
juu ya uharibifu mbaya.

109
00:05:46,106 --> 00:05:47,366
MF: Chanjo yoyote iliyopokea
idhini ya dharura kutoka kwa WHO

110
00:05:47,386 --> 00:05:48,644
hulinda dhidi ya visa vikali vya COVID-19.

111
00:05:48,713 --> 00:05:52,133
Zinazuia vifo na kusaidia 
kumaliza janga hili.

112
00:05:52,153 --> 00:05:55,014
N: Hivyo, ikiwa chanjo ni chache,

113
00:05:55,034 --> 00:05:57,393
kuna hoja nzuri sana kuchukua 
chochote kinachopatikana kwetu,

114
00:05:58,534 --> 00:06:00,512
kwa sababu ikiwa tunasisitiza
kupata chanjo maalum,

115
00:06:00,687 --> 00:06:04,428
tunaweza kurefusha janga hili zima,

116
00:06:04,448 --> 00:06:07,685
na hilo linaweza kugharimu maisha.

117
00:06:07,705 --> 00:06:09,844
Manukuu na Maurício Kakuei Tanaka
Mapitio ya Carol Wang

118
00:06:10,262 --> 00:06:12,487


119
00:06:12,507 --> 00:06:15,207