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China, at the beginning of this century

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shot to number one in the world in terms 
of transplant volumes after the United States.

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10,000 a year, according to
the Government of China figures.

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From where did all these organs come.

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Official Chinese explanation was... donations.

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But China did not then
have an organ donation system.

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In 2006, the Government of
China shifted... its explanation

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and said that the organs were coming...

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mostly from prisoners sentenced
to death and then executed.

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Well, how many prisoners were there in China
being sentenced to death and then executed?

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The Government of China would not say.

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Chinese hospitals websites...

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advertised short waiting times for transplant tourists.

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Transplant tourism patients going into China
whom we interviewed after the transplantation

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told us that they can choose
their timing for transplants.

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That was true even for vital organs:

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Heart, liver, and lung.

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Everywhere else in the world,

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patients waited months and years for organs.

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In China, hospitals and prisons
waited for the arrival of patients

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so that prisoners can be killed for their organs.

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Now, not every prisoner is available as
a source of organs for every patient.

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Transplants require blood type compatibility

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and ideally even tissue type compatibility.

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Organs of donors have to be at least...

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roughly the same size as the
organs that are being replaced.

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There's a high rate of hepatitis B in
the Chinese criminal prison population,

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in the order of 60%.

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That makes organs of many prisoners
sentenced to death and then executed

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unusable for transplants.

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China at that time did not have
an organ distribution system.

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That meant that organs were sourced locally,

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from prisons in the neighborhood
of the hospitals that do transplants.

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Chinese law requires persons
sentenced to death to be executed

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within seven days of sentence.

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That meant there was no pool
of prisoners sentenced to death

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and waiting for patients 
to arrive to be executed.

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Put these factors together in our estimate is that

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China... in order to get 10,000
organs for transplants a year,

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would have had to be executing in the order of
100,000 prisoners sentenced to death every year.

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That is an implausible figure,

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out by more... than a factor of ten than
even the wildest death penalty estimates.

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Non-governmental organizations estimated that...

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China, at its height, was 
executing maybe 5,000 a year

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which is already... way more than any other country.

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Over time, death penalty volume decreased.

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But transplant volumes with minor variations
remained... constant or even increased.

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So, from where were all the organs coming?

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Donations were not the answer.

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Executed criminals were not the answer.

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What was the answer?

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Let's step back.

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Let me begin with a... confession.

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As a student in Paris in the late 60s,

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I was actually an admirer of Mao.

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I even read his little red book.

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He seemed...

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He seemed so... kind swimming in the
famous photo in the Yangtze River.

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Many historians today 
as I'm sure you know

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named Mao one of the worst...
mass murderers of the 20th century.

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Chang and Halliday,

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noted that "over 70 million 
perished under Mao's rule".

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Many governance problems in
China today stem from the fusion

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of Mao's totalitarianism

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with Deng Xiaoping's
economic reforms after 1978.

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But, ladies and gentlemen,

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violence and corruption are
the system today in China.

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Every 10 years or so,

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the Party starts a persecution of a minority

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and mainly I think to instill 
fear in the general population.

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Consider just three of the persecution
campaigns to have gone on since 1950,

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the... so-called Great Leap Forward,

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or an estimated 40 million 
people starve to death.

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The Cultural Revolution which
you all know I'm sure 1966 to 1976,

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perhaps another 2 million killed.

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The Tiananmen Square massacre of 1989,

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one of my favorite photographs of all time

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where soldiers killed thousands of people
who are seeking openness and democracy.

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So what if David and I told you that...

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hundreds of thousands of innocent people
have input into slave labor camps across China.

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They are not only making goods for export

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but they're also tortured,

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blood tested,

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and the unlucky ones are
killed on demand for their organs,

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harvested...

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for profit!

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So how two of us get involved in this?

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About ten years ago, we were
invited by a volunteer coalition

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to investigate allegations of
organ harvesting in China.

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I have been a Secretary of
State for Asia-Pacific for Canada

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and David Matas have had a
lifetime of working on human rights

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and also trying to find lessons of the Holocaust.

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So we agreed on a volunteer independent
basis to look into these allegations.

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What follows...

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the conclusion of our investigator
of reform our report is so disturbing

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we have called what's happening...

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a new form of evil on the planet!

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That was our conclusion

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that organs came from prisoners allright.

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But they were not only criminal prisoners
sentenced to death and then executed,

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they were mostly prisoners of conscience,

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primarily practitioners of the
spiritually based set of exercises,

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Falun Gong.

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A Chinese equivalent of yoga.

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Before the Communist repression of this practice,

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the number of Falun Gong practitioners
was in the order of 70 to 100 million people,

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according to government of China figures.

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They had been detained through all
China in the hundreds of thousands

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after the Party decided to repress the practice

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out of jealousy over the popularity of Falun Gong

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and fear by the Party for its ideological supremacy.

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Falun Gong practitioners who recanted or released

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and some of those got out of China.

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We interviewed them around the world

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and found out that all Falun Gong detainees

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were systematically blood tested and organ examined.

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This was not done for their health since
they were being tortured to recant

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but it is necessary for transplants

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because of the need for blood type
and ideally tissue type compatibility.

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We had investigators calling into hospitals,

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pretending to be relatives of
patients who needed transplants,

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and asking the hospital if they had all
organs of Falun Gong practitioners for sale.

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Our callers claim to want these organs
because the organs were healthy,

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healthy because of the Falun Gong exercises.

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Through out China, we got
doctors and hospitals saying...

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"Yes, we do have organs of
Falun Gong practitioners for sale."

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Come on down.

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These calls have been taped,

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translated and transcribed.

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Although the practice of
Falun Gong is totally innocent,

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the propaganda the Party's
spewed out against practitioners,

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demonized, depersonalized
and dehumanized this population.

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Their jailers thought nothing
of killing them arbitrarily

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because they did not consider them human.

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This population provides an explanation
for the numbers of transplants

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that prisoners sentenced to
death and executed could not.

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When the persecution of Falun Gong began,

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the former head of the Party Jiang Zemin vowed

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"Ruin... their reputation,

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bankrupt them financially,

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and destroy them physically."

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Falun Gong practitioners...

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in China come from all walks of life,

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from scientists, to soldiers, to Party officials

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It is a grassroots spiritual movement

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as we mentioned that grew
exponentially in the 1990s.

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So, let's put some faces to the faceless.

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We'd like to show you a short excerpt

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from the award-winning film "Free China",

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an Oscar contender for the 
2014 for the best documentary

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that featured two... inspirational 
survivors of the persecution.

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The main subject of the film, Jennifer

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a Falun Gong practitioner.

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She's a mother,

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she has a Master's degree in Science and 
she's a former Communist Party member.

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After her escape from China,

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she became a best-selling author 
in writing about her experiences.

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Not only was she jailed and tortured,

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in her testimony, she recounted 
how she was blood tested

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during her detention.

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Luckily for her perhaps, 
she also had hepatitis

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during the birth of a child and this perhaps 
saved her from being a so-called organ donor.

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The second person you'll see...

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is a Chinese - American, Dr. Charles Lee

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who was jailed for three years 
after he went back to China

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to try to explain the truth 
of what was happening.

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He was... sentenced without 
anything approaching a fair trial

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and send to a slave labour camp.

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Let's take a look.

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Every time they apply the baton on me,

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I just couldn't help shaking

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and the anticipating

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of the next round of shocks

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just... was too terrible to... describe.

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This is exactly what I was forced to make

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in Nanjing prison.

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Homer Simpson slippers.

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I saw this label

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inside the prison when I was making it.

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"SG Footwear, Hackensack, New Jersey."

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When I was in America

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I watched Homer Simpson shows,

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you know, pretty often

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during the 90s.

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00:11:34,142 --> 00:11:35,080
You know, very funny.

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But when I was

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forced to make these shoes

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in prison,

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00:11:40,245 --> 00:11:41,700
you don't feel it's funny at all.

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The Government of China...

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was not prepared to acknowledge

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that their organs for transplants were 
coming from prisoners of conscience.

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00:11:50,700 --> 00:11:54,050
But their acknowledgement that the 
organs were coming from prisoners

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sentenced to death and executed was bad enough.

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That admission met with global revulsion.

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The Chinese transplant profession was ostracized

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on different occasions denied training abroad,

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00:12:08,170 --> 00:12:10,672
publication of papers exchanges,

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00:12:10,670 --> 00:12:15,152
and presentation platform at international 
congresses of their colleagues.

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00:12:16,334 --> 00:12:19,371
Chinese health officials reacted by saying that,

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as January this year,

202
00:12:21,315 --> 00:12:25,946
they had ceased sourcing organs from 
prisoners and renounce sourcing organs

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00:12:26,230 --> 00:12:27,754
entirely from donors.

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00:12:28,515 --> 00:12:33,579
China created both an organ donor registry 
and an organ donor distribution system.

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00:12:34,234 --> 00:12:38,440
The government enacted a policy 
giving priority to local patients

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00:12:38,450 --> 00:12:42,361
and a law forbidding sourcing 
of organs without consent.

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00:12:44,672 --> 00:12:48,761
Are these changes... 
real or just pretense?

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The answer is a bit of both.

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00:12:52,355 --> 00:12:54,460
Officials in China have said that,

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00:12:54,687 --> 00:12:57,520
prisoners can donate organs still.

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00:12:58,782 --> 00:13:02,346
If that is so then organ sourcing 
from prisoners continues.

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00:13:03,614 --> 00:13:08,077
There has been no abatement in the 
demonization of persecution of Falun Gong.

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00:13:08,725 --> 00:13:10,685
Those remain in full force

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00:13:11,288 --> 00:13:14,320
as well even blood testing 
of Falun Gong practitioners

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00:13:14,320 --> 00:13:15,271
continues.

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00:13:16,485 --> 00:13:22,663
Official statements do not consistently say 
organs sourcing from... prisoners has ended.

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00:13:22,672 --> 00:13:24,891
Some say only that it will end

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00:13:24,890 --> 00:13:29,777
and that China is now in a 
transition period leading to its ending.

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00:13:31,528 --> 00:13:34,220
There are in reality two systems running in China now.

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A donation system and 
a non donation system.

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Some hospitals still carry on as they always did,

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00:13:40,758 --> 00:13:43,285
albeit less blatantly than before.

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00:13:45,131 --> 00:13:47,620
The question we asked to China remains,

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"From where do you get your organs for transplants?"

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Chinese officials say now that all is good.

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00:13:54,767 --> 00:13:58,275
But, the records are not 
open to independent scrutiny.

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International standards do not require

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00:14:02,340 --> 00:14:06,265
that we establish that China is doing 
something wrong in organ sources.

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00:14:06,844 --> 00:14:11,025
International standards rather 
impose a duty on China

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00:14:11,030 --> 00:14:13,881
to explain where it gets 
its organs for transplants.

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00:14:15,066 --> 00:14:21,980
That duty is not met just by bold assertions by 
Chinese authorities that everything is alright.

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00:14:22,035 --> 00:14:24,346
It is met by... transparency,

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accountability and openness to scrutiny.

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00:14:28,308 --> 00:14:29,828
We say to China,

235
00:14:30,260 --> 00:14:31,546
don't just tell us...

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00:14:31,546 --> 00:14:34,002
where you get your organs for transplants.

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00:14:34,530 --> 00:14:35,457
Show us!

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00:14:37,656 --> 00:14:39,420
Over the past ten years,

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the evidence... has become overwhelming.

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00:14:41,840 --> 00:14:45,214
We have... 32 kinds of evidence 
that's happening in China.

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A surgeon, Enver Tohti

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00:14:49,579 --> 00:14:52,482
has testified that he was 
forced to remove the organs

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00:14:52,480 --> 00:14:54,056
from a live Uyghur,

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00:14:54,518 --> 00:14:56,604
political prisoner in the mid-90s.

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00:14:58,936 --> 00:15:01,822
Organ pillaging most likely then moved to the...

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00:15:02,802 --> 00:15:03,718
...the Tibetans,

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00:15:03,740 --> 00:15:04,874
then to the Uyghurs,

248
00:15:04,870 --> 00:15:06,631
and finally... to the House Christians,

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and then massively to the 
Falun Gong community.

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In 2013,

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EU Parliament, to its credit,

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passed a resolution where...

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"expresses its deep concern over 
the persistent and credible reports

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of systematic, state-sanctioned organ harvesting 
from large numbers of Falun Gong practitioners"

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In...

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2014,

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Ethan Gutmann published a book:

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The Slaughter,

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where he interviewed over a hundred people

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and collected new evidence over eight years.

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He estimates that at any given time,

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between 450,000 to a million Falun Gong 
practitioners are languishing in prisons

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and slave labor camps.

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He concludes, that approximately 
65,000 Falun Gong practitioners

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and 2,000 to 4,000 Uyghurs,

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Tibetans and Christians

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were killed for their organs 
in the 2000 to 2008 period.

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His estimates regarding Falun Gong practitioners

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are similar to the ones that...

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David Matas and I have come up, calculated.

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When you follow the money,

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you partly began to understand why this is happening.

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Hospitals as it shows,

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can... get 62,000 for kidneys,

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and heart too are worth up to 160,000.

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We're talking about... billions of dollars in profits!

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So all of mainstream media has paid
minimal attention to these atrocities.

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The truth is gradually getting out.

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We want to show you in this final clip.

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It's an excerpt from the 
documentary "Human Harvest",

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which won the prestigious 
Peabody Award earlier this year.

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The least the EU can do to stop it

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is to condemn publicly

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organ transplantation abuses in China,

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and to inform those European citizens

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who travel to China for organ transplants.

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This is a crime against humanity.

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We should do our best... to identify

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those specific individuals who are engaged in this.

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and put them on the list

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of people who deserve to be brought to justice.

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America must stand with the Falun Gong,

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and indeed with all of the oppressed.

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Beijing must release Falun Gong practitioners

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and other prisoners of conscience immediately.

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They theme is hidden treasures.

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I think that the Hidden Treasure in all of us...

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is the courage to overcome our fears

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to stand for what's right 
no matter what the cost.

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David and I are just two Davids...

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and the Goliath that we face 
as you know is so huge.

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It is indeed a daunting challenge.

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This is where we need your help.

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There are at least three 
things that all of you can do.

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First, simply Google "organ harvesting in China".

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Second, tell friends which you've learned.

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Third, please share this information 
on Facebook and other social media.

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Today's Internet connected world,

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I believe the key is awareness...

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and fundamentally, we all deserve to be free,

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and we all are truly connected.

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If we can reach millions to the 
power of community such as Ted,

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we can hopefully inspire enough people...

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to take action to save lives and to 
stop this trafficking in human organs

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and which of course is also 
a crime against humanity.

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Thank you!