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We grew up

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interacting with the physical
objects around us.

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There are an enormous number of them
that we use every day.

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Unlike most of our computing devices,

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these objects are much more fun to use.

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When you talk about objects,

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one other thing automatically
comes attached to that thing,

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and that is gestures:

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how we manipulate these objects,

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how we use these objects in everyday life.

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We use gestures not only to interact
with these objects,

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but we also use them
to interact with each other.

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A gesture of "Namaste!",
maybe, to respect someone, or maybe,

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in India I don't need to teach
a kid that this means

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"four runs" in cricket.

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It comes as a part
of our everyday learning.

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So, I am very interested,
from the beginning,

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how our knowledge
about everyday objects and gestures,

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and how we use these objects,

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can be leveraged to our interactions
with the digital world.

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Rather than using a keyboard and mouse,

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why can I not use my computer

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in the same way that I interact
in the physical world?

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So, I started this exploration
around eight years back,

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and it literally started
with a mouse on my desk.

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Rather than using it for my computer,
I actually opened it.

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Most of you might be aware
that, in those days,

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the mouse used to come with a ball inside,

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and there were two rollers

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that actually guide the computer
where the ball is moving,

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and, accordingly,
where the mouse is moving.

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So, I was interested in these two rollers,

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and I actually wanted more, so I borrowed
another mouse from a friend --

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never returned to him --

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and I now had four rollers.

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Interestingly, what I did
with these rollers is,

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basically, I took them off of these mouses
and then put them in one line.

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It had some strings
and pulleys and some springs.

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What I got is basically
a gesture-interface device

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that actually acts
as a motion-sensing device

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made for two dollars.

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So, here, whatever movement
I do in my physical world

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is actually replicated
inside the digital world

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just using this small device
that I made, around eight years back,

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in 2000.

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Because I was interested
in integrating these two worlds,

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I thought of sticky notes.

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I thought, "Why can I not connect

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the normal interface
of a physical sticky note

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to the digital world?"

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A message written
on a sticky note to my mom,

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on paper,

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can come to an SMS,

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or maybe a meeting reminder

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automatically syncs
with my digital calendar --

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a to-do list that automatically
syncs with you.

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But you can also search
in the digital world,

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or maybe you can write a query, saying,

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"What is Dr. Smith's address?"

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and this small system
actually prints it out --

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so it actually acts like a paper
input-output system,

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just made out of paper.

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In another exploration,

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I thought of making a pen
that can draw in three dimensions.

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So, I implemented this pen
that can help designers and architects

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not only think in three dimensions,

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but they can actually draw,

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so that it's more intuitive
to use that way.

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Then I thought,
"Why not make a Google Map,

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but in the physical world?"

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Rather than typing a keyword
to find something,

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I put my objects on top of it.

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If I put a boarding pass, it will show me
where the flight gate is.

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A coffee cup will show
where you can find more coffee,

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or where you can trash the cup.

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So, these were some
of the earlier explorations I did

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because the goal was to connect
these two worlds seamlessly.

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Among all these experiments,

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there was one thing in common:

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I was trying to bring
a part of the physical world

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to the digital world.

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I was taking some part of the objects,

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or any of the intuitiveness of real life,

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and bringing them to the digital world,

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because the goal was to make
our computing interfaces more intuitive.

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But then I realized that we humans
are not actually interested in computing.

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What we are interested in is information.

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We want to know about things.

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We want to know about
dynamic things going around.

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So I thought, around last year --
in the beginning of the last year --

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I started thinking, "Why can I not take
this approach in the reverse way?"

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Maybe, "How about I take my digital world

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and paint the physical world
with that digital information?"

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Because pixels are actually, right now,
confined in these rectangular devices

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that fit in our pockets.

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Why can I not remove this confine

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and take that to my everyday
objects, everyday life

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so that I don't need
to learn the new language

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for interacting with those pixels?

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So, in order to realize this dream,

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I actually thought of putting
a big-size projector on my head.

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I think that's why this is called
a head-mounted projector, isn't it?

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I took it very literally,

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and took my bike helmet,

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put a little cut over there so that
the projector actually fits nicely.

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So now, what I can do --

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I can augment the world around me
with this digital information.

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But later,

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I realized that I actually
wanted to interact

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with those digital pixels, also.

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So I put a small camera over there
that acts as a digital eye.

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Later, we moved to a much better,

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consumer-oriented pendant version of that,

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that many of you now know
as the SixthSense device.

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But the most interesting thing
about this particular technology

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is that you can carry
your digital world with you

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wherever you go.

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You can start using any surface,
any wall around you,

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as an interface.

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The camera is actually tracking
all your gestures.

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Whatever you're doing with your hands,

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it's understanding that gesture.

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And, actually, if you see,
there are some color markers

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that in the beginning version
we are using with it.

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You can start painting on any wall.

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You stop by a wall,
and start painting on that wall.

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But we are not only tracking
one finger, here.

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We are giving you the freedom
of using all of both of your hands,

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so you can actually use both of your hands
to zoom into or zoom out

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of a map just by pinching all present.

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The camera is actually doing --
just, getting all the images --

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is doing the edge recognition
and also the color recognition

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and so many other small algorithms
are going on inside.

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So, technically,
it's a little bit complex,

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but it gives you an output which is more
intuitive to use, in some sense.

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But I'm more excited that you can
actually take it outside.

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Rather than getting your camera
out of your pocket,

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you can just do the gesture
of taking a photo,

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and it takes a photo for you.

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(Applause)

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Thank you.

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And later I can find a wall, anywhere,

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and start browsing those photos

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or maybe, "OK, I want to modify
this photo a little bit

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and send it as an email to a friend."

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So, we are looking for an era

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where computing will actually merge
with the physical world.

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And, of course,
if you don't have any surface,

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you can start using your palm
for simple operations.

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Here, I'm dialing a phone number
just using my hand.

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The camera is actually not
only understanding your hand movements,

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but, interestingly,

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is also able to understand what objects
you are holding in your hand.

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For example, in this case,

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the book cover is matched

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with so many thousands,
or maybe millions of books online,

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and checking out which book it is.

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Once it has that information,

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it finds out more reviews about that,

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or maybe New York Times
has a sound overview on that,

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so you can actually hear,
on a physical book,

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a review as sound.

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(Video) Famous talk
at Harvard University...

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This was Obama's visit last week to MIT.

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(Video) And particularly I want
to thank two outstanding MIT...

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Pranav Mistry: So, I was seeing
the live [video] of his talk,

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outside, on just a newspaper.

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Your newspaper will show you
live weather information

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rather than having it updated.

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You have to check your computer
in order to do that, right?

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(Applause)

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When I'm going back,
I can just use my boarding pass

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to check how much my flight
has been delayed,

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because at that particular time,

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I'm not feeling like opening my iPhone,

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and checking out a particular icon.

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And I think this technology
will not only change the way --

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(Laughter)

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Yes.

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It will change the way
we interact with people, also,

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not only the physical world.

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The fun part is, I'm going
to the Boston metro,

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and playing a pong game inside the train
on the ground, right?

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(Laughter)

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And I think the imagination
is the only limit

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of what you can think of

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when this kind of technology
merges with real life.

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But many of you argue, actually,

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that all of our work is not
only about physical objects.

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We actually do lots
of accounting and paper editing

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and all those kinds of things;
what about that?

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And many of you are excited
about the next-generation tablet computers

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to come out in the market.

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So, rather than waiting for that,

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I actually made my own,
just using a piece of paper.

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So, what I did here
is remove the camera --

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All the webcam cameras have
a microphone inside the camera.

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I removed the microphone from that,

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and then just pinched that --

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like I just made a clip
out of the microphone --

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and clipped that to a piece of paper,
any paper that you found around.

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So now the sound of the touch

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is getting me when exactly
I'm touching the paper.

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But the camera is actually tracking
where my fingers are moving.

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You can of course watch movies.

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(Video) Good afternoon.
My name is Russell...

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and I am a Wilderness
Explorer in Tribe 54."

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PM: And you can of course play games.

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(Car engine)

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Here, the camera is actually understanding
how you're holding the paper

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and playing a car-racing game.

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(Applause)

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Many of you already must have
thought, OK, you can browse.

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Yeah. Of course you can
browse to any websites

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or you can do all sorts
of computing on a piece of paper

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wherever you need it.

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So, more interestingly,

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I'm interested in how we can
take that in a more dynamic way.

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When I come back to my desk,
I can just pinch that information

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back to my desktop

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so I can use my full-size computer.

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(Applause)

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And why only computers?
We can just play with papers.

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Paper world is interesting to play with.

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Here, I'm taking a part of a document,

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and putting over here a second part
from a second place,

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and I'm actually modifying the information
that I have over there.

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Yeah. And I say, "OK, this looks nice,
let me print it out, that thing."

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So I now have a print-out of that thing.

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So the workflow is more intuitive,

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the way we used to do it
maybe 20 years back,

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rather than now switching
between these two worlds.

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So, as a last thought,

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I think that integrating
information to everyday objects

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will not only help us to get rid
of the digital divide,

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the gap between these two worlds,

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but will also help us, in some way,

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to stay human,

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to be more connected
to our physical world.

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And it will actually help us
not end up being machines

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sitting in front of other machines.

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That's all. Thank you.

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(Applause)

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Thank you.

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(Applause)

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Chris Anderson: So, Pranav,
first of all, you're a genius.

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This is incredible, really.

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What are you doing with this?
Is there a company being planned?

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Or is this research forever, or what?

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Pranav Mistry: So, there are
lots of companies,

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sponsor companies of Media Lab
interested in taking this ahead

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in one or another way.

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Companies like mobile-phone operators

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want to take this in a different way
than the NGOs in India,

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thinking, "Why can we only
have 'Sixth Sense'?

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We should have a 'Fifth Sense'
for missing-sense people who cannot speak.

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This technology can be used for them
to speak out in a different way

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maybe a speaker system."

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CA: What are your own plans?
Are you staying at MIT,

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or are you going to do
something with this?

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PM: I'm trying to make this
more available to people

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so that anyone can develop
their own SixthSense device,

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because the hardware is actually
not that hard to manufacture

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or hard to make your own.

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We will provide all the open source
software for them,

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maybe starting next month.

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CA: Open source? Wow.

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(Applause)

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CA: Are you going to come back to India
with some of this, at some point?

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PM: Yeah. Yes, yes, of course.

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CA: What are your plans? MIT? India?

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How are you going to split
your time going forward?

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PM: There is a lot of energy here.
Lots of learning.

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All of this work that you have seen
is all about my learning in India.

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And now, if you see, it's more about
the cost-effectiveness:

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this system costs you $300

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compared to the $20,000 surface tables,
or anything like that.

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Or maybe even the $2 mouse gesture system
at that time was costing around $5,000?

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I showed that, at a conference,
to President Abdul Kalam, at that time,

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and then he said, "OK, we should use this
in Bhabha Atomic Research Centre

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for some use of that."

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So I'm excited about how I can bring
the technology to the masses

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rather than just keeping that technology
in the lab environment.

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(Applause)

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CA: Based on the people we've seen at TED,

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I would say you're truly
one of the two or three

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best inventors in the world right now.

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It's an honor to have you at TED.

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Thank you so much.

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That's fantastic.

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(Applause)