WEBVTT

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Trong video này,
ta giả sử 4 mục sau

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là các khoản nợ chưa
thanh toán của bạn.

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Số đầu tiên ở mỗi hàng

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là số dư nợ cho vay
chưa thanh toán.

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Ví dụ, với thẻ tín dụng này,

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bạn có số dư nợ
chưa thanh toán là 500 đô la.

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Số thứ hai là lãi suất
phần trăm hàng năm (APR).

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Lãi suất là 15% cho thẻ tín dụng,

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30% cho thẻ tín dụng bán lẻ,
10% cho khoản vay A

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và 5% cho khoản vay B.

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Số thứ ba được liệt kê ở đây

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là khoản thanh toán tối thiểu.

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Bạn cần trả khoản này hàng tháng.

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Ta có 20 cộng 30 bằng 50,
rồi cộng thêm 150.

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Khoản thanh toán tối thiểu
hàng tháng của bạn là 200 đô la.

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Ta viết 200 đô la.

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Vậy còn tổng dư nợ cho vay
chưa thanh toán của bạn sẽ bằng

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3500 cộng 500 bằng 4000,
cộng thêm 4000 bằng 8000,

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cộng thêm 2000 bằng 10.000.

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Vậy bạn nợ 10.000 đô la.

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Khoản thanh toán tối thiểu
của bạn là 200 đô la.

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Nhưng giả sử bạn phải trả

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nhiều hơn 200 đô la hàng tháng.

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Giả sử bạn có 300 đô la,

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300 đô la hàng tháng.

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Vậy câu hỏi đặt ra
là bạn sẽ làm gì

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sau khi trả xong
các khoản thanh toán tối thiểu?

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Bạn sẽ làm gì với số tiền
100 đô la dư ra đó?

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Lời khuyên là bạn nên
dùng số tiền đó để trả nợ

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sao cho bạn có thể
thanh toán nợ nhanh nhất có thể.

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Nhưng bạn có thể thắc mắc

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rằng nên trả khoản nợ nào trước.

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Có nên chia 400 đô la đó
thành 4 phần

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để trả thêm 25 đô la so với mỗi khoản
thanh toán tối thiểu này không?

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Nên trả khoản lớn nhất trước

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hay khoản nhỏ nhất trước?

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Có nên trả khoản lãi suất
cao nhất trước không?

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Tất cả các cách trên đều khả thi

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nhưng để tính toán
một cách tối ưu nhất

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thì bạn nên trả
khoản nợ lớn nhất trước.

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Cách thức trả nợ này
được gọi là phương pháp tuyết lở.

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Khi áp dụng phương pháp này,
bạn nên trả khoản nợ lớn nhất,

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khoản nợ nhiều tiền nhất của bạn trước.

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Trong trường hợp này
là khoản nợ thẻ tín dụng bán lẻ.

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Vậy thứ tự trả nợ của bạn nên là

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trả các khoản thanh toán
tối thiểu trước

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và nếu bạn có khoản nào dư ra

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thì bạn nên ưu tiên trả
khoản nợ của thẻ tín dụng bán lẻ.

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Once the retail card is paid off,

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let's see, after that the credit card

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has the next highest interest.

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So, copy and paste.

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Then, these two loans, they're already in order, 10%, 5%.

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So, I'm just ordering these form highest interest cost

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to lowest interest cost.

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In this world, you would want to,

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essentially, rank them in this way.

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You obviously have to pay their minimum payments

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every month which is $200 but then I would take

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that extra hundred dollars that you have available

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and put it to the most costly debt.

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So, I would put that extra hundred dollars right over here

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and try to pay this one down as fast as possible.

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Once that is paid off, then I would put any extra you have

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after the minimum payments to the credit card.

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And once that's paid off as well, then to loan A.

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Once that's paid off, to loan B

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and hopefully you are then, you might be then debt-free.

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If you did the high rate method right over here,

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you would, and you don't incur any new debt,

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you would be debt-free after 47 months.

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And you would pay an aggregate interest

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of approximately 39, $3,904

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in interest over those 47 months.

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So, you say, "Okay, Sal, I get it.

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"This is the mathematically optimal thing to do

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"to get rid of your most costly thing first

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"which makes sense`and then your next costly thing

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"and then on and on."

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But you tell me, "Well, you know, psychology matters here.

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"Psychology, maybe, got me into this debt a little bit.

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"So, for me, I don't like having my brain always thinking

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"about all of these four pieces of debt.

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"So, I would just love to maybe not have to worry

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"about four things and get to worrying

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"about three things as soon as possible

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"and then two things as soon as possible."

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So, if you think that is helpful,

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there is a method where you say,

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"Okay, I'm gonna pay my smallest balance first

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"to just get that out of the way."

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Now, keep in mind, if that works for you,

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if that psychologically allows you to say,

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"Okay, that hundred dollars

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"is gonna make a bigger dent here," that's great.

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That's actually called the snowball method.

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Let me write here.

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The idea is a snowball, you get one debt out of the way

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and then you snowball into the next.

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But that, just to be clear is not mathematically optimal.

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It will take you longer to pay your debt

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and you will pay more interest.

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But, I'll just write that down

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because the important thing is that you feel

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that you should put the hundred dollars

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to paying down the debt that you don't use it

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for something else.

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So, the snowball method

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would order these things differently.

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Under the snowball method, you would put your--

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Let's see, your credit card has the smallest loan balance.

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So, let me put that first.

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So, copy and paste.

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That's your credit card.

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Then, after that, let's see, you have loan A.

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You have loan A here.

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So, let me copy and paste that.

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Copy and paste loan A.

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Then you have loan B.

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So, loan B.

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Oh, actually, yup, then you have loan B.

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Copy and paste.

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And then you have your retail card.

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And then you have your retail card.

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And you could see why this isn't gonna work out well.

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Why this isn't gonna work out well mathematically

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'cause you're leaving your most expensive--

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You're paying just the minimum on your most expensive,

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on your most expensive debt.

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Not only is it expensive, it's expensive on a large amount.

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But, let's just go through the...

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So, you might find it more psychologically easy

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to do this method because you at least get rid

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of the credit card debt a lot faster.

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You'll get down to only three sources of debt

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versus four much, much faster.

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So, in this situation, you would pay down

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the credit card first.

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So, you'd be able to knock these off faster.

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But, just so you make sure, there is a trade off.

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In this one, it's gonna take you 54 months

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to pay of your debt.

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So, seven months longer, more than half a year longer.

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You're going to be making payments.

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And you're going to pay almost double in interest.

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You're gonna pay 6,000, approximately $6,000 in interest

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in this situation versus

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I guess about 50% more.

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So, here you're paying almost 4,000 in interest.

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Here you're paying roughly $6,000 in interest

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over the 54 months.

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The mathematically rational one to do

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would be the high rate method.

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But this is, you know, whatever it does.

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Assuming you have the money, as long as you put it

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down towards your debt, at least you're making progress.

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And this is a method that some people might want to use

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more for psychological purposes.

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I have to admit, I have done this where I just wanted

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some debt out of the way so I pay down the small one first.

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But, if you really want to optimize

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for interest payments and paying down fast,

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you want to take out your costliest things first.