[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.10,0:00:03.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Human society is extremely\Ncomplex and fragile,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.53,0:00:05.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,built upon various pillars.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.61,0:00:07.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of them is the honey bee.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.64,0:00:12.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One out of three meals eaten by humans\Nis made possible by honey bees.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.29,0:00:15.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are so important that if all the\Nhoney bees were to die out,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.97,0:00:17.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thousands of plants would follow,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.90,0:00:21.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which could lead to millions of people\Nstarving in the following years.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.55,0:00:24.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On top of that, honey bees have\Na huge economic impact.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.96,0:00:27.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The dollar value of plants\Npollinated by them each year
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.69,0:00:30.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is around $265 billion.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.46,0:00:33.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Food we take for granted would just\Nstop existing without them,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.48,0:00:36.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or there would be a massive\Ndecrease in productivity.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.46,0:00:40.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Food including apples, onions, pumpkins,\Nand also plants used for feeding livestock
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.65,0:00:43.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and thus extremely important\Nfor our milk and meat.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.65,0:00:45.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Einstein is often quoted as having said,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.78,0:00:49.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“If honey bees die out, humans\Nwill follow a few years later.”
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.03,0:00:51.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually, he probably didn’t say that,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.78,0:00:54.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there might be some\Ntruth in the statement.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.37,0:00:57.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s unsettling, but honey bees\Nhave started to disappear.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.04,0:01:00.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Millions of hives have died\Nin the last few years.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.05,0:01:07.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Beekeepers all over the world have seen an\Nannual loss of 30–90% of their colonies.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.20,0:01:10.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the US alone, bees\Nare steadily declining.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.56,0:01:14.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From 5 million hives in 1988\Nto 2.5 million today.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.100,0:01:19.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since 2006, a phenomenon called\N“colony collapse disorder”
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.24,0:01:21.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has affected honey bees in many countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.89,0:01:24.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we’re not entirely sure\Nwhat’s causing it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.68,0:01:27.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All we know is that it’s pretty serious.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.12,0:01:38.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over the last few decades bees have seen\Nan invasion of very dangerous foes.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.84,0:01:42.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Parasites straight out of a horror movie,\Nlike Acarapis woodi,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.68,0:01:47.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,microscopic mites that infect the tracheae\N(that’s the breathing tubes) of bees.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.26,0:01:51.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here, they lay their eggs and feed from\Nthe fluids of their victims,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.74,0:01:56.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,weakening them considerably and spending\Ntheir whole life inside the bees.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.30,0:02:00.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or Varroa destructor, a fitting name\Nbecause they can only reproduce
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.45,0:02:03.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in honey bee hives and are one of\Nthe bees’ greatest enemies.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.06,0:02:08.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The female mite enters a honey bee brood\Ncell and lays eggs on the bee larva
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.63,0:02:10.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before it’s about to pupate and
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.44,0:02:13.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before the hive bees cover the\Ncell with a wax capping.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.52,0:02:17.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The eggs hatch and the young mites and\Ntheir mother feed on the developing bee
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.67,0:02:19.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the safety of the capped cell.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.73,0:02:22.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The bee is not normally killed\Nat this stage, just weakened,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.74,0:02:25.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it still has enough strength to chew\Nits way through the wax capping
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.93,0:02:27.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and release itself from the cell.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.97,0:02:31.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As it does, it releases the mother mite\Nand her new offspring from the cell,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.80,0:02:34.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these are free to\Nspread across the hive,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.07,0:02:37.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,starting the process over again\Nin a cycle of about 10 days.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.15,0:02:41.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their numbers grow exponentially,\Nand after a few months,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.42,0:02:44.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this can lead to the collapse\Nof the entire bee hive.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.55,0:02:48.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once outside of the cell, adult mites\Nalso suck the bodily fludis of bees
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.88,0:02:50.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and weaken them considerably.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.04,0:02:55.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To make things worse, they also transmit\Nviruses that harm the bees even more
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.26,0:02:58.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and can lead to birth defects\Nlike useless wings.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.55,0:03:02.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there are other threats too,\Nsuch as viruses and fungi.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.76,0:03:06.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Under normal circumstances, these\Nphenomena should be manageable
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.10,0:03:08.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and are not enough to explain
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.02,0:03:10.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the horrendous amount of\Ndying going on in bees.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.08,0:03:14.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over recent years new insecticides\Nhave been introduced
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.39,0:03:15.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are deadly to bees.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.06,0:03:19.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Neonicotinoids, a chemical family\Nsimilar to nicotine,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.66,0:03:24.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was approved in the early 1990s\Nas an alternative to chemicals like DDT.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.55,0:03:27.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They attack insects by harming\Ntheir nervous systems.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.51,0:03:31.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, they are the most widely\Nused insecticides in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.48,0:03:35.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Globally, they saw sales\Nof €1.5 billion in 2008,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.43,0:03:39.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,representing 24% of the global\Nmarket for insecticides.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.47,0:03:46.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2013, neonicotinoids were used in the\NUS on about 95% of corn and canola crops,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.08,0:03:48.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also on the vast majority\Nof fruit and vegetables,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.100,0:03:55.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like apples, cherries, peaches, oranges,\Nberries, leafy greens, tomatoes, potatoes,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.74,0:03:59.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cereal grains, rice, nuts,\Ngrapes, and many more.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.39,0:04:02.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bees come into contact with the toxin
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.30,0:04:05.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while collecting pollen or\Nvia contaminated water,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.19,0:04:07.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,often bringing material into the hive,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.28,0:04:10.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where it can accumulate and\Nslowly kill the whole colony.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.72,0:04:14.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The toxins harm bees in a\Nvariety of horrible ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.77,0:04:19.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In high enough doses, it quickly leads\Nto convulsions, paralysis, and death.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.42,0:04:21.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But even in small doses, it can be fatal.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.66,0:04:24.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It may lead to bees forgetting\Nhow to navigate the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.69,0:04:29.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so bees fly into the wild, get lost, and\Ndie alone, separated from their hives.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.20,0:04:34.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If this happens often enough, a hive\Ncan lose its ability to sustain itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.83,0:04:37.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know that neonicotinoids\Nare harmful to bees
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.84,0:04:40.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that we urgently need\Nan alternative to it,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.12,0:04:44.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there are billions of dollars\Nto be made in delaying this.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.46,0:04:47.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Studies sponsored by the chemical\Nindustry magically appear to prove
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.74,0:04:52.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a much lower toxicity to bees, compared to\Nthose produced by independent scientists.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.05,0:04:56.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are even more factors\Ncontributing to the demise of bees,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.40,0:04:59.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like too much genetic uniformity,\Ncrop monocultures,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.42,0:05:03.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,poor nutrition due to overcrowding,\Nstress because of human activities,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.48,0:05:04.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and other pesticides.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.97,0:05:08.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each of those factors on its own is\Na major problem for bees,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.34,0:05:12.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but together, they probably account\Nfor colony collapse disorder.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.80,0:05:15.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With parasites upping their\Ngame in recent decades,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.31,0:05:18.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the honey bees are now\Nfighting for survival.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.41,0:05:21.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It would be a catastrophe\Nif they lost this fight.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.52,0:05:25.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a conundrum we have to solve\Nif we want to continue living
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.62,0:05:28.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a relative abundance\Nand diversity of food.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.96,0:05:33.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Humanity is deeply interconnected with\NEarth and the other lifeforms on it,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.40,0:05:35.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even if we pretend that we’re not.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.82,0:05:37.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to take better care\Nof our surroundings,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.88,0:05:42.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if not to preserve the beauty of nature,\Nthen at least to ensure our own survival.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.70,0:05:47.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This video is supported by the\NAustralian Academy of Science,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.04,0:05:50.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which promotes and supports\Nexcellence in science.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.33,0:05:52.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,See more at .
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.16,0:05:55.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was a blast to work with them,\Nso go check out their site.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.11,0:05:59.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our videos are also made possible\Nby your support on .
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.17,0:06:02.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Recently, we passed\Nan important milestone,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.29,0:06:04.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is why there will be\Nan additional video in July.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.17,0:06:09.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you want to support us and become\Npart of the Kurzgesagt Bird Army,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.25,0:06:10.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,check out our Patreon page!
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.24,0:06:13.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Recently, the YouTube channel\NField Day gave us the oppotunity
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.98,0:06:18.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make something different: a\Nshort video about Game of Thrones.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.06,0:06:19.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Go check it out on their channel!