[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.07,0:00:07.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hi, my name's John.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.51,0:00:10.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I lead the search and machine\Nlearning teams at Google.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.13,0:00:14.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it's amazingly inspiring
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.23,0:00:16.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that people all over the world
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.22,0:00:19.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,turn to search engines to\Nask trivial questions
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.16,0:00:20.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and incredibly important questions.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.93,0:00:23.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's a huge\Nresponsibility to give them
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.45,0:00:24.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the best answers that we can.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.71,0:00:30.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hi, my name's Akshaya and \NI work on the Bing search team.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.91,0:00:33.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are many times where\Nwe will start looking
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.19,0:00:35.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into artificial intelligence\Nand machine learning,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.83,0:00:39.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we have to address how are\Nthe users going to use this,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.14,0:00:42.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because at the end of the day,\Nwe want to make an impact to society.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.78,0:00:45.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's ask a simple question.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.82,0:00:48.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How long does it take to travel to Mars?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.33,0:00:50.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where did these results come from
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.37,0:00:54.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and why was this listed\Nbefore the other one?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.70,0:00:58.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, let's dive in and\Nsee how the search engine
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.15,0:00:59.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,turned your request into a result.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.69,0:01:03.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first thing you need to\Nknow is when you do a search,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.43,0:01:06.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the search engine isn't actually\Ngoing out to the World Wide Web
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.48,0:01:08.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to run your search in real time.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.14,0:01:10.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's because there's\Nover a billion websites
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.61,0:01:14.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the internet and hundreds more are\Nbeing created every single minute.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.14,0:01:16.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if the search engine\Nhad to look through
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.24,0:01:18.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every single site to\Nfind the one you wanted,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.69,0:01:20.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it would just take forever.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.50,0:01:21.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So to make your search faster,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.97,0:01:24.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,search engines are constantly\Nscanning the web in advance
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.42,0:01:28.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to record the information that might\Nhelp with your search later.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.93,0:01:31.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That way, when you search\Nabout travel to Mars,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.63,0:01:33.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the search engine\Nalready has what it needs
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.70,0:01:35.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to give you an answer in real time.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.25,0:01:37.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's how it works.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.90,0:01:42.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The internet is a web of pages\Nconnected to each other by hyperlinks.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.40,0:01:44.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Search engines are\Nconstantly running a program
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.68,0:01:47.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called a Spider that cross\Nthrough these web pages
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.38,0:01:49.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to collect information about them.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.78,0:01:51.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each time it finds a hyperlink,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.09,0:01:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it follows it until it\Nhas visited every page
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.03,0:01:57.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it can find on the entire\Ninternet.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.34,0:01:59.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For each page the spider visits,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.20,0:02:02.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it records any information\Nit might need for a search
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.50,0:02:05.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by adding it to a special\Ndatabase called a search index.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.17,0:02:09.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, let's go back to\Nthat search from earlier
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.59,0:02:11.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and see if we can figure\Nout how the search engine
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.99,0:02:13.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,came up with the results.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.64,0:02:16.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you ask how long does\Nit take to travel to Mars,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.64,0:02:18.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the search engine looks\Nin each of those words
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.92,0:02:21.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the search index to\Nimmediately get a list
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.41,0:02:24.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of all the pages on the\Ninternet containing those words.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.89,0:02:26.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But just looking for these search terms
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.87,0:02:28.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could return millions of pages,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.76,0:02:31.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so the search engine needs\Nto be able to determine
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.11,0:02:33.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the best matches to show you first.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.34,0:02:36.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is where it gets tricky\Nbecause the search engine
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.01,0:02:38.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,may need to guess what\Nyou're looking for.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.93,0:02:41.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each search engine\Nuses its own algorithm
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.36,0:02:44.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to rank the pages based on\Nwhat it thinks you want.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.93,0:02:47.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The search engine's ranking\Nalgorithm might check
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.99,0:02:50.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if your search term shows\Nup in the page title,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.90,0:02:53.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it might check if all of the\Nwords show up next to each other,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.52,0:02:57.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or any number of other calculations
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.02,0:02:58.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that help it better determine
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.67,0:03:01.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which pages you'll want\Nto see and which you won't.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.96,0:03:04.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Google invented the most \Nfamous algorithm
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.96,0:03:08.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for choosing the most relevant results\Nfor a search by taking into account
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.56,0:03:11.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how many other Web pages\Nlinked to a given page.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.83,0:03:14.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The idea is that if\Nlots of websites think
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.14,0:03:15.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that a web page is interesting,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.66,0:03:17.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then it's probably the one \Nyou're looking for.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.19,0:03:20.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This algorithm is called page rank,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.59,0:03:22.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not because it ranks web pages,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.57,0:03:25.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but because it was named after\Nits inventor, Larry Page,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.48,0:03:27.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who's one of the founders of Google.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.94,0:03:30.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because a website often makes\Nmoney when you visit it,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.82,0:03:32.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,spammers are constantly\Ntrying to find ways
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.95,0:03:35.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to game the search algorithm \Nso that their pages
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.74,0:03:37.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are listed higher in the results.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.26,0:03:40.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Search engines regularly\Nupdate their algorithms
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.75,0:03:44.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to prevent fake or untrustworthy\Nsites from reaching the top.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.68,0:03:47.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ultimately, it's up to you \Nto keep an eye out
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.50,0:03:49.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for these pages that are untrustworthy
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.69,0:03:52.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by looking at the web address and\Nmaking sure it's a reliable source.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.68,0:03:55.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Search programs are always evolving
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.42,0:03:58.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to improve the algorithms \Nwo they return better results,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.54,0:04:00.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,faster results than their competitors.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.00,0:04:03.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today's search engines\Neven use information
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.10,0:04:06.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you haven't explicitly provided\Nto help you narrow down your search.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.15,0:04:10.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, for example,\Nif you did a search for dog parks,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.24,0:04:12.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many search engines\Nwould give you results
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.19,0:04:13.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for all the dog parks nearby,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.08,0:04:16.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though you didn't\Ntype in your location.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.80,0:04:20.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Modern search engines\Nalso understand more
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.53,0:04:22.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than just the words on a page,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.30,0:04:24.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what they actually mean\Nin order to find the best one
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.97,0:04:26.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that matches what you're looking for.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.13,0:04:29.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, if you search \Nfor fast pitcher,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.28,0:04:32.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it will know you're\Nlooking for an athlete.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.50,0:04:34.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you search for large pitcher,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.45,0:04:36.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it will find you options\Nfor your kitchen.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.42,0:04:41.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To understand the words better, \Nwe use something called machine learning,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.91,0:04:43.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a type of artificial intelligence.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.98,0:04:46.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It enables search\Nalgorithms to search out
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.09,0:04:48.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not just individual letters\Nor words in the page,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.40,0:04:51.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but understand the underlying\Nmeaning of the words.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.69,0:04:55.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The internet is growing exponentially,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.21,0:04:59.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but if the teams that design\Nsearch engines do our jobs right,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.08,0:05:04.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the information you want should\Nalways be just a few keystrokes away.