[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.77,0:00:04.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's the fastest growing threat\Nto Americans' health?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.14,0:00:06.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cancer? Heart attacks? Diabetes?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.60,0:00:09.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The answer is actually none of these;
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.45,0:00:11.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's Alzheimer's disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.25,0:00:13.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every 67 seconds,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.28,0:00:16.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,someone in the United States\Nis diagnosed with Alzheimer's.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.76,0:00:20.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As the number of Alzheimer's patients\Ntriples by the year 2050,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.15,0:00:23.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,caring for them, as well as\Nthe rest of the aging population,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.45,0:00:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will become an overwhelming\Nsocietal challenge.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.58,0:00:28.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My family has experienced firsthand
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.46,0:00:30.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the struggles of caring\Nfor an Alzheimer's patient.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.97,0:00:33.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Growing up in a family\Nwith three generations,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.11,0:00:35.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've always been very close\Nto my grandfather.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.26,0:00:36.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I was four years old,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.69,0:00:39.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my grandfather and I \Nwere walking in a park in Japan
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.19,0:00:40.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when he suddenly got lost.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.50,0:00:43.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was one of the scariest moments\NI've ever experienced in my life,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.71,0:00:46.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was also the first\Ninstance that informed us
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.12,0:00:48.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that my grandfather\Nhad Alzheimer's disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.68,0:00:52.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over the past 12 years,\Nhis condition got worse and worse,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.02,0:00:55.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and his wandering in particular\Ncaused my family a lot of stress.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.82,0:00:57.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My aunt, his primary caregiver,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.30,0:01:00.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really struggled to stay awake at night\Nto keep an eye on him,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.35,0:01:03.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even then often failed\Nto catch him leaving the bed.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.05,0:01:05.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I became really concerned\Nabout my aunt's well-being
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.86,0:01:07.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as well as my grandfather's safety.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.60,0:01:11.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I searched extensively for a solution\Nthat could help my family's problems,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.13,0:01:12.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but couldn't find one.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.96,0:01:15.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, one night about two years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.69,0:01:19.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was looking after my grandfather\Nand I saw him stepping out of the bed.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.16,0:01:21.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The moment his foot landed on the floor,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.15,0:01:24.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I thought, why don't I put\Na pressure sensor on the heel of his foot?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.41,0:01:26.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once he stepped onto the floor\Nand out of the bed,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.81,0:01:30.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the pressure sensor would detect an\Nincrease in pressure caused by body weight
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.52,0:01:33.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then wirelessly send an audible alert\Nto the caregiver's smartphone.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.97,0:01:36.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That way, my aunt could sleep\Nmuch better at night
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.31,0:01:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without having to worry\Nabout my grandfather's wandering.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.00,0:01:42.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So now I'd like to perform\Na demonstration of this sock.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.13,0:01:47.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Could I please have\Nmy sock model on the stage?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.83,0:01:50.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Great.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.17,0:01:55.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So once the patient\Nsteps onto the floor --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.95,0:01:57.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Ringing) --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.51,0:02:00.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an alert is sent\Nto the caregiver's smartphone.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.57,0:02:06.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you. (Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.06,0:02:09.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you, sock model.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.04,0:02:14.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is a drawing\Nof my preliminary design.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.82,0:02:18.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My desire to create\Na sensor-based technology
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.44,0:02:21.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perhaps stemmed from my lifelong love\Nfor sensors and technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.98,0:02:23.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I was six years old,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.46,0:02:25.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an elderly family friend\Nfell down in the bathroom
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.80,0:02:27.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and suffered severe injuries.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.50,0:02:29.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I became concerned\Nabout my own grandparents
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.61,0:02:31.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and decided to invent\Na smart bathroom system.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.96,0:02:35.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Motion sensors would be installed\Ninside the tiles of bathroom floors
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.57,0:02:39.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to detect the falls of elderly patients\Nwhenever they fell down in the bathroom.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.40,0:02:41.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since I was only six years old at the time
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.42,0:02:43.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I hadn't graduated\Nfrom kindergarten yet,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.74,0:02:48.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I didn't have the necessary resources and \Ntools to translate my idea into reality,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.07,0:02:50.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but nonetheless, my research experience
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.71,0:02:54.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really implanted in me a firm desire\Nto use sensors to help the elderly people.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.96,0:02:59.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I really believe that sensors can improve\Nthe quality of life of the elderly.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.94,0:03:04.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I laid out my plan, I realized\Nthat I faced three main challenges:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.42,0:03:06.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,first, creating a sensor;
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.19,0:03:07.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,second, designing a circuit;
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.77,0:03:09.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and third, coding a smartphone app.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.52,0:03:12.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This made me realize that my project\Nwas actually much harder to realize
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.93,0:03:14.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than I initially had thought it to be.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.98,0:03:18.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, I had to create a wearable sensor\Nthat was thin and flexible enough\N
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.48,0:03:21.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be worn comfortably\Non the bottom of the patient's foot.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.24,0:03:24.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After extensive research and testing\Nof different materials like rubber,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.66,0:03:28.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which I realized was too thick to be worn\Nsnugly on the bottom of the foot,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.19,0:03:29.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I decided to print a film sensor
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.76,0:03:32.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with electrically conductive\Npressure-sensitive ink particles.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.66,0:03:36.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once pressure is applied, the connectivity\Nbetween the particles increases.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.24,0:03:39.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Therefore, I could design a circuit\Nthat would measure pressure
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.20,0:03:40.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by measuring electrical resistance.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.27,0:03:44.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Next, I had to design\Na wearable wireless circuit,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.03,0:03:47.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but wireless signal transmission\Nconsumes lots of power
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.34,0:03:49.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and requires heavy, bulky batteries.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.10,0:03:52.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thankfully, I was able to find out\Nabout the Bluetooth low energy technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.73,0:03:56.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which consumes very little power\Nand can be driven by a coin-sized battery.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.25,0:03:59.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This prevented the system\Nfrom dying in the middle of the night.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.88,0:04:03.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lastly, I had to code a smartphone app\Nthat would essentially transform
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.34,0:04:05.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the care-giver's smartphone\Ninto a remote monitor.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.82,0:04:09.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For this, I had to expand upon\Nmy knowledge of coding with Java and XCode
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.50,0:04:12.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I also had to learn about how to code\Nfor Bluetooth low energy devices
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.98,0:04:15.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by watching YouTube tutorials\Nand reading various textbooks.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.23,0:04:21.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Integrating these components, I was able\Nto successfully create two prototypes,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.02,0:04:23.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one in which the sensor\Nis embedded inside a sock,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.35,0:04:25.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and another that's\Na re-attachable sensor assembly
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.74,0:04:27.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can be adhered anywhere\Nthat makes contact
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.95,0:04:29.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the bottom of the patient's foot.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.78,0:04:32.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've tested the device on my grandfather\Nfor about a year now,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.68,0:04:34.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's had a 100 percent success rate
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.59,0:04:38.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in detecting the over 900 \Nknown cases of his wandering.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.63,0:04:41.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Last summer, I was able\Nto beta test my device
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.05,0:04:43.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at several residential\Ncare facilities in California,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.60,0:04:45.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm currently incorporating\Nthe feedback
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.77,0:04:48.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to further improve the device \Ninto a marketable product.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.73,0:04:50.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Testing the device on a number of patients
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.84,0:04:53.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made me realize that I needed\Nto invent solutions
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.35,0:04:56.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for people who didn't want\Nto wear socks to sleep at night.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.80,0:04:59.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So sensor data, collected\Non a vast number of patients,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.63,0:05:01.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can be useful for improving patient care
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.96,0:05:04.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also leading to a cure\Nfor the disease, possibly.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.78,0:05:06.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, I'm currently examining \N
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.62,0:05:09.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,correlations between the frequency\Nof a patient's nightly wandering
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.85,0:05:12.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and his or her daily activities and diet.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.85,0:05:16.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One thing I'll never forget\Nis when my device first caught
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.62,0:05:18.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my grandfather's wandering\Nout of bed at night.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.83,0:05:21.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At that moment, I was really struck\Nby the power of technology
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.78,0:05:23.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to change lives for the better.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.01,0:05:26.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People living happily and healthfully --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.13,0:05:28.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's the world that I imagine.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.16,0:05:30.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.22,0:05:33.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)