WEBVTT 00:00:03.030 --> 00:00:04.030 вступительная музыка 00:00:07.060 --> 00:00:09.316 Здравствуйте, меня зовут Монте Джонсон. 00:00:09.651 --> 00:00:13.136 Я преподаватель Калифорнийского университета в Сан-Диего 00:00:13.394 --> 00:00:16.248 и сегодня хочу поговорить о предназначении человека, 00:00:16.494 --> 00:00:18.430 эргоне по Аристотелю. 00:00:19.249 --> 00:00:21.495 "Эргон" с греческого - это 00:00:21.613 --> 00:00:25.337 «дело», «продукт деятельности» или «назначение». 00:00:25.816 --> 00:00:28.916 Под этим понятием чаще всего имеют в виду изделия человека 00:00:28.916 --> 00:00:29.726 или его навыки, 00:00:30.521 --> 00:00:32.420 следовательно эргон пилы — резать. 00:00:32.746 --> 00:00:34.745 Эргон дома – защита от непогоды 00:00:34.745 --> 00:00:35.961 и злоумышленников. 00:00:36.218 --> 00:00:38.561 А аргон архитектор - строительство дома. 00:00:39.457 --> 00:00:41.045 Понятие связано с "arete", что 00:00:41.338 --> 00:00:43.356 означает "совершенство" или "добродетель". 00:00:44.123 --> 00:00:45.724 Добродетель пилы - острота, ибо 00:00:45.865 --> 00:00:47.361 её назначение - резать. 00:00:47.525 --> 00:00:50.020 Добродетель дома - устойчивость и безопасность 00:00:50.022 --> 00:00:52.098 поскольку его назначение – защита. 00:00:52.320 --> 00:00:53.179 А добродетель 00:00:53.379 --> 00:00:55.999 архитектора - строительство хороших домов. 00:00:57.544 --> 00:01:00.282 Есть ли у людей свой эргон или назначение? 00:01:01.155 --> 00:01:01.877 И если да, 00:01:01.877 --> 00:01:04.694 то присуща ли им соответствующая arete, добродетель? 00:01:05.561 --> 00:01:07.157 Аристотель утверждает, что есть. 00:01:07.576 --> 00:01:09.597 И его рассуждения помогут более взвешенно 00:01:09.597 --> 00:01:11.394 подумать о смысле жизни. 00:01:12.638 --> 00:01:15.597 Но прежде чем перейти к эргону, 00:01:15.715 --> 00:01:17.839 давайте обсудим то, что лежит в основе - 00:01:17.839 --> 00:01:19.462 природу жизни. 00:01:20.595 --> 00:01:24.536 Аристотель выделяет четыре класса существ: 00:01:24.793 --> 00:01:27.996 растения, животные, люди и боги. 00:01:28.276 --> 00:01:30.120 Пока оставим богов в стороне. 00:01:31.471 --> 00:01:33.916 Аристотель определяет живое 00:01:33.953 --> 00:01:34.961 по его возможностям. 00:01:35.601 --> 00:01:37.422 00:01:37.459 --> 00:01:39.442 00:01:39.874 --> 00:01:42.381 00:01:42.381 --> 00:01:44.120 00:01:44.941 --> 00:01:47.012 00:01:47.316 --> 00:01:49.879 00:01:49.893 --> 00:01:51.296 00:01:51.332 --> 00:01:52.654 00:01:52.980 --> 00:01:54.593 00:01:55.233 --> 00:01:58.342 00:01:58.878 --> 00:02:00.736 00:02:00.736 --> 00:02:02.975 00:02:03.940 --> 00:02:05.698 00:02:05.698 --> 00:02:07.259 00:02:07.272 --> 00:02:08.014 00:02:08.014 --> 00:02:09.118 00:02:09.118 --> 00:02:11.239 00:02:11.239 --> 00:02:13.934 00:02:14.795 --> 00:02:16.868 00:02:17.068 --> 00:02:18.673 00:02:18.673 --> 00:02:21.074 00:02:21.714 --> 00:02:24.001 00:02:24.001 --> 00:02:26.414 00:02:26.637 --> 00:02:29.120 00:02:29.120 --> 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