0:00:16.393,0:00:17.313
Thank you.

0:00:18.557,0:00:21.207
Good morning, that was beautiful.

0:00:21.520,0:00:23.740
You know, right before Fred Rogers died,

0:00:23.740,0:00:28.090
his team had actually contacted me

0:00:28.090,0:00:31.080
to try to present the case

0:00:31.080,0:00:36.530
for why television should keep[br]at the pace of Mr. Rogers' neighborhood.

0:00:36.530,0:00:41.770
So we were about to plan that whole thing[br]and then he passed away.

0:00:41.770,0:00:46.250
But it was an amazing thing[br]to think about the generations of people

0:00:46.250,0:00:48.800
that have learned[br]to understand their feelings,

0:00:48.800,0:00:51.740
to make them mentionable and manageable.

0:00:51.740,0:00:53.600
What I'm going to talk to you today

0:00:53.600,0:00:58.290
is about how schools[br]can combine with technology

0:00:59.954,0:01:03.274
in the way of promoting self-regulation.

0:01:03.274,0:01:09.124
So I'm going to do this with no slides,[br]but with one model of the brain.

0:01:09.124,0:01:14.524
So if you reach under your chairs,[br]glued underneath there you'll find,

0:01:14.524,0:01:19.554
if you reach in there, pull out your hand[br]and take your hand model, there,

0:01:19.554,0:01:23.524
and put your thumb in the middle,[br]and put your fingers over the top.

0:01:23.524,0:01:24.534
This is a very

0:01:24.534,0:01:26.684
- my daughter never wants me[br]to say this but -

0:01:26.684,0:01:28.124
a handy model of the brain.

0:01:28.124,0:01:30.514
It's oriented like this.

0:01:30.514,0:01:33.774
We're going to talk about the connection[br]among three things.

0:01:33.774,0:01:37.394
We are going to talk about this brain[br]that's in your head,

0:01:37.394,0:01:39.514
that has the face over here,

0:01:39.514,0:01:42.304
and has a top of the brain,[br]the lower parts of the brain.

0:01:42.304,0:01:45.004
The part of the brain connected[br]to the whole body

0:01:45.004,0:01:49.084
comes through the spinal cord,[br]in addition to some other ways.

0:01:49.084,0:01:51.054
This brain sits in your body -

0:01:51.054,0:01:53.434
we are going to talk[br]about the brain and the body.

0:01:53.434,0:01:57.114
We are also going to talk about the mind,

0:01:57.114,0:01:59.684
which is different from the brain.

0:02:01.044,0:02:02.934
And we are going to talk about the mind

0:02:02.934,0:02:05.494
and its connection[br]to the brain and the body.

0:02:05.494,0:02:07.434
Then we are going[br]to talk about the third thing,

0:02:07.434,0:02:10.144
which is, we are going[br]to talk about relationships.

0:02:10.144,0:02:12.544
So those three things[br]we're going to cover today:

0:02:12.544,0:02:16.334
talking about relationships,[br]the mind, and the brain.

0:02:16.334,0:02:18.974
When you really think[br]about this for a while,

0:02:18.974,0:02:22.784
you can come up with some fascinating ways

0:02:22.784,0:02:28.264
where you can understand how,[br]for example, Mr. Rogers television show

0:02:28.264,0:02:33.124
experienced by a young child[br]within a family setting

0:02:33.124,0:02:36.494
could actually promote[br]something called self-regulation.

0:02:37.597,0:02:40.757
And so, we'll have to talk[br]about what is regulation,

0:02:40.757,0:02:44.997
and we'll have to even address[br]the question of what is the self.

0:02:45.792,0:02:49.042
So for me, whenever we use a word,

0:02:49.042,0:02:51.822
we need to make sure we understand[br]what we mean by it,

0:02:51.822,0:02:55.382
so we have a shared understanding[br]if we are going to do something about it.

0:02:55.382,0:02:59.592
So, how did Mr. Rogers[br]create the experience

0:02:59.592,0:03:04.152
where kids can learn that feelings[br]are mentionable and they're manageable?

0:03:05.055,0:03:06.515
How did he do that?

0:03:07.092,0:03:09.532
Well, when you think about how he did it,

0:03:09.532,0:03:12.762
you come up[br]with this really fundamental way

0:03:12.762,0:03:17.042
that schools, in fact,[br]can embrace the wisdom

0:03:17.042,0:03:19.232
that Mr. Rogers had for all of us,

0:03:19.232,0:03:21.802
and teach not only reading,[br]writing, arithmetic

0:03:21.802,0:03:23.502
- very important 3 Rs -

0:03:23.502,0:03:25.622
but another 3 Rs[br]I'm going to suggest to you,

0:03:25.622,0:03:27.772
which are the core of my talk,

0:03:27.772,0:03:32.752
which is reflection, first extra R,

0:03:32.752,0:03:35.642
relationships, the next R,

0:03:35.642,0:03:39.632
and the third one is resilience.

0:03:39.632,0:03:43.042
Because when you build[br]a certain kind of approach to reflection,

0:03:44.032,0:03:47.743
kids actually develop the capacity[br]to mention their feelings

0:03:48.641,0:03:51.271
and to then be able to manage them,

0:03:51.271,0:03:54.501
exactly what Mr. Rogers said[br]we ought to be able to do.

0:03:54.501,0:03:57.771
And that's the basis[br]of the emotional intelligence actually,

0:03:57.771,0:04:01.241
and it's the basis, as you'll see[br]in the moment, of social intelligence,

0:04:01.241,0:04:04.041
because when you understand[br]your own feelings

0:04:04.041,0:04:05.891
and learn to manage them,

0:04:05.891,0:04:08.771
you actually can understand other people.

0:04:08.771,0:04:10.251
It's actually incredible.

0:04:10.251,0:04:13.821
So, this reflective ability[br]is something schools can teach.

0:04:14.978,0:04:16.738
That's the next R.

0:04:16.744,0:04:18.494
What about relationships?

0:04:18.494,0:04:21.784
We're going to see that this brain[br]we're going to get into in a moment

0:04:21.784,0:04:25.784
has the capacity to make relationships[br]work really well,

0:04:25.784,0:04:28.784
and people actually thrive[br]and feel good about themselves

0:04:28.784,0:04:30.254
and good about others.

0:04:30.254,0:04:33.534
So you develop kindness[br]and compassion toward yourself

0:04:33.534,0:04:35.484
- really an important place to start -

0:04:35.484,0:04:37.764
and kindness and compassion toward others.

0:04:37.764,0:04:44.194
So this R of relationship really looks[br]at all the research on well-being

0:04:44.194,0:04:46.644
and says, you know, "The number one factor

0:04:46.644,0:04:50.534
whether you're looking[br]at mental health, physiologic health,

0:04:50.534,0:04:54.504
medical health, longevity or happiness,

0:04:54.504,0:04:58.118
the number one factor

0:04:58.118,0:05:03.498
in all those studies is relationships.

0:05:03.498,0:05:06.768
How we have connections,[br]positive connections with other people

0:05:06.768,0:05:08.778
is the best predictor of all those things.

0:05:08.778,0:05:10.758
In fact, if you study wisdom,

0:05:10.758,0:05:15.668
you find that wisdom is based[br]on having these positive relationships.

0:05:16.514,0:05:18.964
You probably have heard[br]of these amazing studies

0:05:18.964,0:05:23.584
which show that when you are given,[br]let's say, 20 dollars,

0:05:24.010,0:05:26.790
and you're asked to spend it on yourself

0:05:26.790,0:05:30.550
or give it in the service of someone else,[br]gifted to someone else,

0:05:31.298,0:05:34.668
the circuits in your brain[br]that show you did the right thing,

0:05:34.668,0:05:38.538
these reward circuits driven[br]by a transmitter called dopamine,

0:05:38.538,0:05:42.268
they get active when you give[br]to someone else,

0:05:42.268,0:05:43.807
which goes along with the study

0:05:43.807,0:05:45.967
that when you give[br]in service of other people,

0:05:45.967,0:05:47.977
you're actually happier yourself.

0:05:47.977,0:05:51.007
So if you want to be happier,[br]actually think about someone else.

0:05:51.007,0:05:52.427
That's the lesson from that.

0:05:52.427,0:05:54.767
So relationships in schools[br]can teach all that.

0:05:54.767,0:05:56.767
So that's the relationship part.

0:05:56.767,0:06:00.457
And now the resilience we're going[br]to get into when we talk about the brain.

0:06:00.457,0:06:03.047
But let's take our hand model out[br]and let's look at it.

0:06:03.047,0:06:05.157
I'm going to watch my watch

0:06:05.157,0:06:08.467
because part of how I'm going[br]to manage myself is time.

0:06:08.467,0:06:11.777
So I think I've been going for,[br]I would guess, 5 minutes,

0:06:11.777,0:06:14.677
but I need my timer to tell me;[br]there's my timer right there.

0:06:14.687,0:06:16.297
Beautiful. I guessed it right.

0:06:16.297,0:06:18.487
We're going to do[br]this hand model of the brain,

0:06:18.487,0:06:20.017
and I'm going to teach you all[br]how to do this.

0:06:20.017,0:06:24.477
And this is something that in schools[br]that I work with,

0:06:24.477,0:06:30.017
we teach kids, starting in kindergarten[br]about this hand model of the brain.

0:06:30.017,0:06:34.497
You're going to see[br]that it can be very useful to do.

0:06:34.497,0:06:37.787
When kids go towards adolescence,[br]their brain changes a lot,

0:06:37.787,0:06:40.287
they really need to know[br]about their brain.

0:06:40.287,0:06:42.277
So let's take the hand model out.

0:06:42.277,0:06:45.307
And put your thumb in the middle[br]and curl your fingers over the top.

0:06:45.307,0:06:47.057
So this is orientation of the brain.

0:06:47.057,0:06:50.017
Let's do the parts[br]and let's think about the question

0:06:50.017,0:06:52.057
as we get into these brain parts.

0:06:52.634,0:06:55.734
Why, if we're talking[br]about self-regulation,

0:06:56.496,0:06:59.096
would we care about the parts[br]of the brain?

0:07:00.714,0:07:04.534
And what does a relationship[br]has to do with the brain anyway?

0:07:05.242,0:07:08.632
And if self-regulation[br]is really a mental function,

0:07:09.745,0:07:12.265
because the self[br]is really part of your mind,

0:07:13.249,0:07:17.549
then is the mind just the brain,[br]or is it something else?

0:07:17.549,0:07:21.499
So these are the kinds of things we need[br]to really think deeply about.

0:07:21.499,0:07:25.069
And in the world I work in,[br]it's called interpersonal neurobiology.

0:07:25.069,0:07:28.539
We actually deeply dive[br]into these scientific questions

0:07:28.539,0:07:34.489
by combining all the fields of science[br]that exist into one perspective.

0:07:34.489,0:07:37.298
So it's called interpersonal neurobiology.

0:07:37.298,0:07:41.298
The brain is a good place[br]to start looking at this,

0:07:41.298,0:07:44.798
because believe it or not, it's actually[br]the simplest of all that stuff.

0:07:44.798,0:07:46.018
So let's go through it.

0:07:46.018,0:07:48.608
First, you have the spinal cord,

0:07:48.608,0:07:52.138
and this is basically[br]a collection of cells, neurons,

0:07:52.138,0:07:56.398
that allow energy and information[br]to flow from the body itself,

0:07:56.398,0:07:58.108
the signals coming up.

0:07:58.108,0:08:01.818
The spinal cord and also a nerve[br]called the vagus nerve,

0:08:01.818,0:08:03.778
they all bring stuff from the body

0:08:03.778,0:08:07.228
up into the skull part[br]of the nervous system.

0:08:07.228,0:08:10.668
Some people call that the head brain,[br]some people just call it the brain,

0:08:10.668,0:08:13.298
but actually you have a brain[br]around your heart,

0:08:13.298,0:08:15.738
and you have a brain[br]around your intestine.

0:08:15.738,0:08:18.628
So the word brain when I use it[br]means the whole body

0:08:18.628,0:08:21.768
and how it processes information[br]through the flow of energy.

0:08:21.768,0:08:24.548
That's basically[br]the biological understanding

0:08:24.548,0:08:26.968
of what we mean by the nervous system.

0:08:26.968,0:08:29.548
But the head brain[br]is what we're going to focus on now,

0:08:29.548,0:08:33.658
because it's really the most studied[br]of all these brain parts.

0:08:33.658,0:08:35.908
When you get up[br]into the head part of the brain,

0:08:35.908,0:08:39.508
if you lift up your fingers[br]and lift up your thumb,

0:08:39.508,0:08:41.938
you arrive at the first part[br]of the nervous system,

0:08:41.938,0:08:44.988
first in the sense it's the deepest,

0:08:44.988,0:08:48.018
first in the sense that[br]when you're in your mother's womb,

0:08:48.018,0:08:51.358
it's the first to develop in utero,

0:08:51.358,0:08:55.758
and first also meaning[br]it's the first we evolved to have.

0:08:55.758,0:08:58.768
So it's over 3 hundred million years old.

0:08:58.768,0:09:01.058
It's the old reptilian brain,

0:09:01.058,0:09:04.278
having collections of neurons[br]called nuclei

0:09:04.278,0:09:07.038
that are responsible for things like -

0:09:07.038,0:09:09.258
(Laughter)

0:09:09.258,0:09:11.588
This is a good example.[br]Let's take another pause.

0:09:11.588,0:09:14.258
Let's all turn our telephone off

0:09:14.258,0:09:16.538
and make sure[br]that if they are going to vibrate,

0:09:16.538,0:09:19.498
you have it near your body,[br]not sitting next to your neighbor.

0:09:19.498,0:09:22.618
You turn the sound off,[br]because that's another thing that happens;

0:09:22.618,0:09:24.418
technology, if you haven't noticed,

0:09:24.418,0:09:28.068
invades whatever context[br]you're trying to create.

0:09:28.068,0:09:32.748
And rather than technology running us,[br]we should run technology.

0:09:32.748,0:09:35.938
It's really, really important,[br]because these things just take off -

0:09:35.938,0:09:39.998
I was just walking home[br]from the local school we have,

0:09:39.998,0:09:42.138
and I saw a mom carrying

0:09:42.138,0:09:45.608
her year-and-a half- year-old child[br]in her arms,

0:09:45.608,0:09:49.538
texting for two and a half blocks,

0:09:49.538,0:09:53.538
and missing the opportunity[br]to connect with her child

0:09:53.538,0:09:58.268
because she allowed technology[br]to intrude on her relationship.

0:09:58.268,0:10:01.378
You probably know from the studies[br]of the University of Washington

0:10:01.378,0:10:05.238
by Andy Meltzoff and Patricia Kuhl[br]that the technology called "Baby" -

0:10:05.238,0:10:06.938
it doesn't matter what it's called.

0:10:06.938,0:10:08.798
It was technology that said,[br]

0:10:08.798,0:10:14.238
"You can have your child develop faster[br]in their brain and language

0:10:14.238,0:10:16.208
if you show these videos,"

0:10:16.208,0:10:18.648
and they showed it was just the opposite,

0:10:19.489,0:10:25.059
because relationships[br]are what stimulate growth and learning.

0:10:25.059,0:10:26.789
If we use technology, that's fine,

0:10:26.789,0:10:30.589
but if you replace relationships[br]with technology, this study demonstrated,

0:10:30.589,0:10:33.089
you get just the opposite[br]of what you want to get.

0:10:33.089,0:10:36.319
So we have to actually be present fully,

0:10:36.319,0:10:39.049
and check out what's happening[br]in the environment,

0:10:39.049,0:10:40.789
and not pollute it with technology,

0:10:40.789,0:10:43.799
or not pollute it[br]with actual chemical pollutants, too.

0:10:43.799,0:10:45.719
OK, so now we're in the brainstem.

0:10:46.474,0:10:49.504
The brainstem is going[br]to keep us awake and alert,

0:10:49.504,0:10:51.964
so it has those nuclei that do that.

0:10:51.964,0:10:55.604
The brainstems are also going to have[br]the fight-flight-freeze reaction.

0:10:55.604,0:10:58.044
When you have[br]a lot of competing things going on,

0:10:58.044,0:11:02.184
you can have a very agitated,[br]fearful reaction to that,

0:11:02.184,0:11:03.234
like it's threatening,

0:11:03.234,0:11:05.234
or you can have a fight reaction to that,

0:11:05.234,0:11:06.524
or you can freeze.

0:11:06.524,0:11:10.254
There's even a fourth option,[br]which is total collapse.

0:11:10.254,0:11:13.024
It has its advantages[br]in lots of different ways,

0:11:13.024,0:11:14.514
and depending on the situation,

0:11:14.514,0:11:16.674
but that's what the brainstems[br]are all about -

0:11:16.674,0:11:19.374
very old impulses that are created.

0:11:19.374,0:11:23.004
If you put your thumb over the top,[br]this is the part of the brain

0:11:23.004,0:11:26.644
- we have two thumbs for it to be ideal,[br]but most of us have just one thumb -

0:11:26.644,0:11:30.494
this is a...I say that because[br]I once gave this lecture

0:11:30.494,0:11:33.514
and I didn't give that exception,[br]and someone said,

0:11:33.514,0:11:36.524
"I went to a gas station,[br]someone had two thumbs."

0:11:36.524,0:11:38.824
We want to honor that.[br]So most of us have one.

0:11:38.824,0:11:40.314
(Laughter)

0:11:40.314,0:11:42.554
It's left and right side[br]once you get up there.

0:11:42.554,0:11:43.824
This is the limbic area.

0:11:43.824,0:11:47.084
It developed 200 million years ago,

0:11:47.084,0:11:51.054
and it also is the second area[br]to begin developing in utero.

0:11:51.054,0:11:53.294
That goes like this.

0:11:53.294,0:11:56.284
To demonstrate how this works up,[br]Lewis, why don't you come up?

0:11:56.284,0:12:00.114
I want to invite a 13-year-old boy,[br]who is going to present to you later on.

0:12:00.114,0:12:02.384
Lewis, come on, say hi to everybody.[br]Lewis: Hey.

0:12:02.384,0:12:05.754
Daniel Siegel: Come on, step[br]on that little red carpet. Thanks, Lewis.

0:12:05.754,0:12:06.614
L: You're welcome.

0:12:06.624,0:12:09.264
DS: Have I talked to you[br]about the brain before?

0:12:09.264,0:12:10.044
L: No. DS: No.

0:12:10.044,0:12:12.714
So I'm going to teach you[br]a little bit about the brain,

0:12:12.714,0:12:15.194
because I want to show that -[br]Lewis is very bright,

0:12:15.194,0:12:18.764
but you can teach this to 13-year-olds[br]whose brains are also changing.

0:12:18.764,0:12:20.754
Let's do the hand model. Very good.

0:12:20.754,0:12:22.044
Here's what happens, Lewis:

0:12:22.044,0:12:25.244
this limbic area helps you[br]work with the brainstem

0:12:25.244,0:12:27.224
to create your emotions.

0:12:27.224,0:12:31.784
It actually works closely with other areas[br]to create various forms of memory.

0:12:31.784,0:12:33.554
Do you feel close to your mom?

0:12:33.554,0:12:34.764
L: Yeah. DS: Yeah, great.

0:12:34.764,0:12:37.984
So this is the part that lets you[br]feel connected to her, OK?

0:12:37.984,0:12:41.264
Now put your fingers[br]over the top like that. Right.

0:12:41.264,0:12:44.054
This is a part[br]that actually is going to grow

0:12:44.054,0:12:47.534
once you come out of your mom's belly,[br]out of her womb.

0:12:47.534,0:12:53.194
And this is a part that's very much shaped[br]by the experiences you have.

0:12:54.012,0:12:54.982
Yeah.

0:12:54.982,0:12:57.812
This is called the cortex;[br]it's the outer part of the brain.

0:12:57.812,0:12:58.702
So the back here.

0:12:58.702,0:13:01.592
Turn your head sideways.[br]We'll use it as a demo. Right there.

0:13:01.592,0:13:03.842
So this is the back part[br]of the brain like that.

0:13:03.842,0:13:07.552
The back part of your brain in general[br]represents the outside world.

0:13:07.552,0:13:10.992
There's all sorts of layers to it[br]and it makes maps to the outside world.

0:13:10.992,0:13:12.102
Very good. And then -

0:13:12.102,0:13:14.002
(Laughter)

0:13:14.002,0:13:15.512
You are one handsome guy.

0:13:15.512,0:13:18.742
So this front part of the brain here[br]is called your frontal cortex.

0:13:18.742,0:13:21.272
It allows you to think and reflect.

0:13:21.272,0:13:23.112
When we're talking about reflections,

0:13:23.112,0:13:26.792
this is the part of the brain[br]that actually lets you be able

0:13:26.792,0:13:30.772
to manage and mention your emotions.

0:13:30.772,0:13:32.762
Isn't that cool? L: That's really cool.

0:13:32.762,0:13:36.982
DS: So the kinds of things[br]that you do in your mental life,

0:13:36.982,0:13:38.792
like the mind basically is -

0:13:38.792,0:13:41.862
you know like you're playing a game,[br]when you feel excited?

0:13:41.862,0:13:45.232
That's sensation you call[br]subjective experience,

0:13:45.232,0:13:47.092
and that's a part of what the mind is.

0:13:47.092,0:13:50.002
Do you notice sometimes[br]you can be aware of some things,

0:13:50.002,0:13:51.972
and sometimes you're not aware of things?

0:13:51.972,0:13:55.262
L: Yeah. DS: Yes. So, awareness is also[br]part of what the mind does.

0:13:55.262,0:13:58.982
But the third thing the mind does[br]is it helps regulate

0:13:58.982,0:14:02.872
how all this information flow[br]is happening in your awareness,

0:14:02.872,0:14:04.352
in your subjective experience,

0:14:04.352,0:14:06.772
and even in how you communicate it[br]to other people.

0:14:06.772,0:14:09.292
So the reason we're talking[br]about reflection

0:14:09.292,0:14:14.022
- reflection, when you look inward,[br]what I call time-in,

0:14:14.022,0:14:15.752
develops this part of the brain.

0:14:15.752,0:14:18.472
Now, take a look at these[br]two middle finger nails there.

0:14:18.472,0:14:22.032
This is part of an area called[br]the prefrontal cortex. Look at me.

0:14:22.032,0:14:25.492
It's right behind your forehead,[br]right there.

0:14:25.492,0:14:27.762
Lift up your finger and put it back down.

0:14:27.762,0:14:29.582
What do you notice is kind of unique

0:14:29.582,0:14:32.492
about anatomical position[br]of these two middle finger nails?

0:14:32.492,0:14:35.702
L: That’s right under the thumb.[br]DS: Exactly!

0:14:35.702,0:14:37.182
So it's right under the thumb,

0:14:37.182,0:14:41.072
and this is the part of your brain[br]that actually allows the cortex

0:14:41.072,0:14:43.832
to go to that thumb area[br]called the limbic area.

0:14:43.832,0:14:46.822
And notice is it also[br]near your palm? L: Mhm.

0:14:46.822,0:14:51.272
DS: Yes, so it also connects the brainstem[br]to take information from the body, too.

0:14:51.272,0:14:55.272
So it comes up your spinal cord,[br]up your brain stem, to your limbic area,

0:14:55.272,0:14:57.292
especially in your right side[br]of the brain,

0:14:57.292,0:14:58.662
and goes right to that area.

0:14:58.662,0:15:01.552
Here's the cool thing. Watch me.

0:15:06.021,0:15:07.761
(Laughter)

0:15:07.761,0:15:10.541
What did you feel[br]when I was doing that? L: Sad.

0:15:10.541,0:15:12.681
DS: Sad, very good. Excellent.[br]L: Then happy.

0:15:12.681,0:15:15.211
DS: Then happy,[br]because we're goofing, right? L: Yeah.

0:15:15.211,0:15:18.241
DS: So the sad thing, this part[br]of your brain actually lets you

0:15:18.241,0:15:21.671
pick up what's going on[br]inside of my nervous system.

0:15:21.671,0:15:23.071
Isn't that amazing? L: Yes.

0:15:23.071,0:15:27.511
DS: So we have a relationship,[br]because I'm going to send energy to you,

0:15:27.511,0:15:31.361
and this part of the brain, right there,[br]which is right here behind your forehead,

0:15:31.361,0:15:34.031
it's going to take in[br]what's going on in me,

0:15:34.031,0:15:37.591
it takes in what's going on in your body,[br]like your heart, your intestines,

0:15:37.591,0:15:40.681
it takes in what's going on[br]in your brainstem, your limbic area,

0:15:40.681,0:15:42.981
and what goes on[br]throughout your whole cortex.

0:15:43.579,0:15:48.619
And it takes these separate things[br]and it pulls them together.

0:15:48.959,0:15:50.819
Now, you know what the word we use

0:15:50.819,0:15:53.559
for its taking separate[br]and putting together those?

0:15:53.559,0:15:56.029
L: No. DS: Integration. L: Aha.

0:15:56.029,0:15:59.529
DS: So here's what this area does:[br]it integrates everything.

0:15:59.529,0:16:04.429
It integrates your body, your brainstem,[br]your limbic area, your cortex,

0:16:04.429,0:16:06.969
and even your relationships[br]with other people.

0:16:06.969,0:16:10.029
So when you reflect on things,

0:16:10.029,0:16:13.689
and you have relationships where,[br]like, two people honor each other,

0:16:13.689,0:16:17.759
and then care about each other[br]with connections and communication,

0:16:17.759,0:16:19.679
we call that an integrated relationship.

0:16:19.679,0:16:22.999
Here's the amazing take home message[br]for you and for everybody:

0:16:22.999,0:16:24.769
when you have reflection,

0:16:25.499,0:16:29.499
and you have relationships[br]that are caring and connecting,

0:16:30.513,0:16:36.083
you actually stimulate the growth[br]of the integrative fibers in the brain,

0:16:36.882,0:16:40.882
and these are the fibers[br]that allow you to have resilience.

0:16:41.530,0:16:44.610
So the key to this whole thing is -

0:16:44.610,0:16:48.300
I know you have been experiencing[br]video games, right?

0:16:48.300,0:16:51.260
L: Oh, yeah. DS: And you've learned -[br]you watch this.

0:16:51.260,0:16:56.240
This part of the brain allows you[br]to be regulating your impulses.

0:16:56.240,0:16:58.740
Does that sound familiar,[br]controlling your impulses?

0:16:58.740,0:16:59.460
L: Yes.

0:16:59.760,0:17:01.540
DS: It allows you to do that.

0:17:01.540,0:17:04.800
It allows you to actually be aware[br]of your feelings.

0:17:04.800,0:17:07.390
It allows you to be aware[br]of other people's feelings,

0:17:07.390,0:17:08.400
and understand them.

0:17:08.400,0:17:09.660
It allows you to be moral,

0:17:09.660,0:17:12.530
think about what's good for everyone,[br]including the planet.

0:17:12.530,0:17:14.860
It allows you to actually have intuition.

0:17:14.860,0:17:19.530
It allows you to know[br]where you've been in the past,

0:17:19.530,0:17:22.170
where you are right now,[br]where you'll go in the future,

0:17:22.170,0:17:24.230
and allows you to tune in on other people.

0:17:24.941,0:17:28.271
That you get by reflecting[br]on the inner world,

0:17:28.271,0:17:31.266
being able to mention[br]and manage your feelings.

0:17:31.266,0:17:35.796
It allows you to develop it when you have[br]the relationships that are supportive,

0:17:35.796,0:17:37.776
like with teachers and with parents.

0:17:37.776,0:17:41.276
And it allows you to develop all this[br]so you're resilient.

0:17:42.004,0:17:44.764
So here's what I say about schools.

0:17:44.764,0:17:48.564
There's a policy that they say,[br]"No child left behind".

0:17:48.564,0:17:50.264
I say we should have

0:17:50.264,0:17:54.554
a policy where we have reflection,[br]relationships, and resilience,

0:17:54.554,0:17:57.274
so it's no prefrontal cortex left behind.

0:17:57.274,0:17:58.504
(Laughter)

0:17:58.504,0:17:59.834
How does that sound?

0:17:59.834,0:18:02.204
L: That sounds better[br]than "No child left behind".

0:18:02.204,0:18:04.414
DS: There you go, good.[br]Thank you very much.

0:18:04.414,0:18:05.743
(Applause)

0:18:05.743,0:18:08.043
Thank you so much. You are so cool.

0:18:08.043,0:18:09.893
L: You too, man. Thank you.

0:18:09.893,0:18:11.513
(Applause)