[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.10,0:00:11.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[music]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.25,0:00:19.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator:\NThe following program is from NET:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.99,0:00:22.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The National\NEducational Television Network.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.20,0:00:29.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Debate:\NJames Baldwin versus William Buckley.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.30,0:00:31.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Subject: Has the American Dream
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.69,0:00:34.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Been Achieved at\Nthe Expense of the American Negro?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.87,0:00:39.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This debate was held recently at the \NCambridge Union, Cambridge University
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.64,0:00:44.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,England, and was recorded for use by NET.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.36,0:00:47.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Norman St. John Stevas, M.P: \NWell, here we are in the debating hall
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.04,0:00:52.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Cambridge Union, hundreds of\Nundergraduates and myself waiting for what
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.92,0:00:57.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could prove one of the most exciting \Ndebates in the whole 150 years
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.39,0:01:00.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the union history. \NIt rarely... I don't think I have ever
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.73,0:01:04.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seen the union so well attended.\NThere are undergraduates everywhere.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.25,0:01:07.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're on the benches and on the floor\Nand on the galleries. And there are a lot
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.51,0:01:12.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more outside clamoring to get in.\NWell, the motion that has drawn this huge
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.86,0:01:18.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,crowd tonight is this: That the American\NDream has been achieved at the expense
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.71,0:01:23.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the American negro. The debate will \Nopen with two undergraduate speakers,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.98,0:01:27.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one from each side, and then we shall\Nhave the first distinguished guest,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.42,0:01:32.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mr James Baldwin, the well-known American\Nnovelist who has achieved a worldwide
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.86,0:01:38.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fame with his novel "Another Country."\NThen opposing the motion will be
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.13,0:01:42.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mr. William Buckley, also an American.\NVery well-known as a conservative in the
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.76,0:01:46.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,United States. I must stress a conservative\Nin the American sense. Author of a book
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.59,0:01:51.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called "Up from Liberalism" and editor of\Nthe "National Review." One of the early
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.61,0:01:55.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,supporters of Senator Goldwater.\NWell, this is the setting of the debate,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.88,0:02:00.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and at any moment now, the president\Nwill be leading in his officers and his
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.72,0:02:05.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,distinguished guests. He will take his \Nchair, and the debate will begin.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.19,0:02:09.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[applause]
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.21,0:02:49.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,President: The motion before the house \Ntonight is "The American Dream is at
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.01,0:02:53.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Expense of the American Negro." \NThe proposer, Mr. David Heycock of
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.55,0:02:57.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pembroke College, and our opposer, Mr. \NJeremy Burford of Emmanuel College.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.41,0:03:01.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mr. James Baldwin will speak third. Mr. \NWilliam F. Buckley Jr. will speak fourth.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.70,0:03:04.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mr. Heycock is the ear of the house.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.02,0:03:06.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[applause]
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.12,0:03:19.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,David Heycock: Mr. President, sir, it is\Nthe custom of the house for the first
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.10,0:03:22.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,speaker in any debate to extend a\Nformal welcome to any visitors to the
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.87,0:03:26.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,house. I can honestly say, however, it is\Na very great honor to be able to welcome
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.93,0:03:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the house this evening Mr. William\NBuckley and Mr. James Baldwin.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.00,0:03:35.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mr. William Buckley has the reputation\Nof possibly being the most articulate
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.10,0:03:39.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,conservative in the United States of\NAmerica. He was a graduate of Yale,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.24,0:03:42.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he first gained a reputation for\Nhimself by publishing a book entitled
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.61,0:03:44.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"God and Man at Yale."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.42,0:03:46.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[laughter]
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.93,0:03:50.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since then, he has devoted himself to\Nthe secular, and this has included
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.39,0:03:54.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Norman Mailer, Kenneth Tynan, Mary \NMcCarthy, and Fidel Castro, none of whom
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.61,0:03:57.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have come out of their\Nconfrontations unscathed.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.06,0:03:58.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[laughter]
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.25,0:04:02.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At present, his principal occupation is\Nediting a right-wing newspaper in the
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.78,0:04:04.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,United States entitled \N"The National Review."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.92,0:04:09.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mr. James Baldwin is hardly in need of\Nintroduction. His reputation both as a
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.01,0:04:13.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,novelist and as an advocate of civil \Nrights is international. His third novel
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.88,0:04:18.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Another Country" has been published as\Na paperback in England today. Mr. Baldwin
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.24,0:04:21.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Mr. Buckley are both very welcome\Nto the house this evening.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.84,0:04:24.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[applause]
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.97,0:04:45.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine, Mr. President, a society which\Nabove all values freedom and equality.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.95,0:04:49.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A society in which artificial barriers to\Nfulfillment and achievement
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.25,0:04:51.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are unheard of.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.27,0:04:54.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A society in which a man\Nmay begin his life as a rail splitter
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.32,0:04:56.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and end it as president.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.09,0:05:01.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A society in which all men are free in\Nevery sense of the word. Free to live
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.03,0:05:04.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where they choose. Free to work where they\Nchoose. Equal in the eyes of the law and
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.72,0:05:08.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every public authority\Nand equal in the eyes of their fellows.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.26,0:05:11.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A society in fact in which\Nintolerance and prejudice
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.72,0:05:15.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are meaningless terms.\NImagine, however, Mr. President,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.74,0:05:20.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that a condition of this utopia has\Nbeen a persistent and quite deliberate
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.02,0:05:24.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,exploitation of one ninth of its \Ninhabitants. That one man in nine has
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.89,0:05:28.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,been denied those rights, which the \Nrest of that society takes for granted.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.87,0:05:32.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That one man in nine does not have\Na chance for fulfillment or realization
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.77,0:05:36.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of his innate potentiality. That one \Nman in nine cannot promise his
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.82,0:05:41.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,children a secure future and unlimited\Nopportunities. Imagine this Mr. President
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.80,0:05:46.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you have, what is in my opinion,\Nthe bitter reality of the American Dream.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.47,0:05:51.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A few weeks ago Martin Luther King had\Nto hold a non-violent demonstration in
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.09,0:05:55.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Selma, Alabama in his drive to register \Nnegro voters. By the end of the week
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.72,0:05:59.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of his demonstrations, he was able to\Nwrite quite accurately in a national
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.38,0:06:03.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fundraising letter from Selma, Alabama\Njail, "There are more negros in prison
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.80,0:06:07.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with me than there are on the voting\Nrolls." When King wrote that letter,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.55,0:06:11.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,335 out of 32,700
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.57,0:06:16.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,negros in Dallas had the vote. \NOne percent of the Dallas population.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.47,0:06:21.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After a mass march to the courthouse,\N237 negros,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.21,0:06:25.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,King among them, were arrested.\NThe following day, 470
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.09,0:06:28.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,children, who had deserted \Ntheir classrooms to protest against
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.42,0:06:31.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,King's arrest, were charged with juvenile\Ndelinquency.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.67,0:06:33.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[laughter]
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.76,0:06:36.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,36 adults on the same day were\Ncharged with contempt of court for
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.93,0:06:40.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,picketing the courthouse while \Nstate circuit court was in session.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.16,0:06:43.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the following day,\N111 people were arrested on the
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.61,0:06:46.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,same charge despite their claim that \Nthey merely wanted to see the voting
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.99,0:06:52.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,registrar. 400 students were\Narrested and taken to the armory,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.14,0:06:56.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where many of them spent the night\Non a cold cement floor. The following
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.57,0:07:00.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,day, the demonstrations spread to \NMarion, Alabama. In Marion, negros
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.72,0:07:05.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,outnumber whites by 11,500\Nto 6,000 people
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.09,0:07:10.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and yet, only 300 are registered to vote.\NNegros in Marion were anxious
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.76,0:07:14.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to test the public accommodations section\Nof the civil rights law. They entered a
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.92,0:07:19.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,drugstore and there they were served \Nwith Coca-Cola laced with salt and were
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.27,0:07:24.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,told that hamburgers had risen\Nto $5 each. After the arrest of 15
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.77,0:07:28.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,negros for protesting against\Nthis treatment, 700 negros
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.35,0:07:32.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,boycotted their classes the next day\Nand marched in orderly fashion to the
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.08,0:07:37.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,jail. There, they sang civil rights songs\Nuntil they were warned by a state trooper
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.69,0:07:41.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they would be arrested if they sung\None more song. Of course, they sung
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.39,0:07:45.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,another song, and of course, all\N700 were arrested. American
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.43,0:07:50.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,society has felt fit to use negro labor.\NIt has felt fit to use the blood of the
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.10,0:07:54.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,negro in two world wars. It has felt fit to\Nlisten to his music. It has felt fit to laugh
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.38,0:07:57.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at his jokes, and yet, as far as I am\Nconcerned, it has never felt fit to
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.90,0:08:02.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,give the American negro a fair deal;\Nand for this reason Mr. President,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.07,0:08:05.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I will beg leave to propose the motion\Nthat the American Dream
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.23,0:08:07.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is at the expense\Nof the American negro.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.70,0:08:10.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[applause]
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.63,0:08:22.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- I now call Mr. Jeremy Burford\Nof Emmanuel College to oppose the motion.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.77,0:08:24.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[applause]
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.57,0:08:32.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: Now, we have Mr. Jeremy \NBurford of Emmanuel College who
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.75,0:08:35.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the first undergraduate opposing\Nthe motion.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.47,0:08:41.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jeremy Burford: James Baldwin is\Nwell known as one of the most vivid
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.50,0:08:46.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and articulate writers about the negro\Nproblem in America. Mr. Baldwin
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.32,0:08:50.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had a difficult childhood, and he \Nhas personally himself suffered
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.33,0:08:54.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,discrimination and ill treatment \Nin the south of America, and I would
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.72,0:09:00.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like to say at this time that it is\Nnot the purpose of this side of
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.78,0:09:06.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the house to condone that in any\Nway at all. It is not our purpose to
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.92,0:09:13.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,oppose civil rights. It is our purpose\Nto oppose this motion.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.51,0:09:17.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[laughter]
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.82,0:09:20.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you, sir. Come and collect \Nyour fee afterwards.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.98,0:09:23.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[laughter and applause]
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.92,0:09:31.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This side of the house denies that the\NAmerican Dream has in any way been
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.81,0:09:36.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,helped by this undoubted inequality \Nand suffering of the negro.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.09,0:09:41.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We maintain that in fact it has hindered\Nthe American Dream, and if there had
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.30,0:09:45.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,been equality, if there had been true \Nfreedom of opportunity, the American
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.27,0:09:49.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dream would be very much more advanced\Nthan it is now. If the American Dream has
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.73,0:09:54.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made any progress, and I think it has, \Nit has been made in spite of the suffering
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.76,0:10:00.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and inequality of the American negro and\Nnot because of it. Now it is also implied
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.88,0:10:05.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from this motion that the American Dream\Nis encouraging and worsening the suffering
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.91,0:10:07.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the American negro.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.77,0:10:12.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is emphatically not the case.\NThe American Dream,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.04,0:10:17.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the American economic prosperity and\Nrespect for civil liberties has been the
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.03,0:10:19.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,main factor in bringing about
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.17,0:10:22.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the undoubted improvement\Nin race relations in America
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.39,0:10:24.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the last twenty years.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.89,0:10:28.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Professor Arnold Rose who is\Nthe author of "The Negro in America,"
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.40,0:10:33.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is perhaps the definitive\Nwork on the subject, who is also
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.27,0:10:36.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a contributor of what was called\N"The Freedom Pamphlet,"
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.86,0:10:40.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I should imagine that if he has any\Nbias at all, it is in favor of the negro.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.75,0:10:44.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's said that this improvement\Nin race relations
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.95,0:10:49.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will be seen in years to come as\Nremarkably quick, and he has put it down
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.24,0:10:54.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to three main causes: increased\Nindustrialization and technical advance,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.72,0:10:59.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the increased social mobility of the\NAmerican people, and the economic
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.02,0:11:04.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,prosperity. And I would put it to this\Nhouse that that industrialization and
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.30,0:11:09.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,economic prosperity are two of the main\Ningredients of the American Dream and
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.66,0:11:15.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the same time--again, I do not want to\Nsay that the negro in America is treated
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.23,0:11:20.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fairly--but at the same time, the average\Nper capita income of negros in America
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.34,0:11:25.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is exactly the same as the average per\Ncapita income of people in Great Britain.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.77,0:11:30.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I found that absolutely amazing.\N[laughter]
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.97,0:11:36.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[laughter]\NI understand that some of you do as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.41,0:11:40.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I've got the reference here from the\NUnited States News and World Report
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.43,0:11:44.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of July the 22nd 1963,\Nin which it points out--
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.33,0:11:47.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This will have to be the last interruption \NI take because time is running short.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.59,0:11:50.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Mr. President, on a point\Nof information, is this speaker
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.72,0:11:53.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,talking of real income\Nor money income?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.14,0:11:55.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- I'm talking of money income.\N[applause]
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.99,0:12:01.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am talking of money income.\NI would not wish to disguise that.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.49,0:12:06.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would also say that in terms of this,\Nthere are only five countries in the world
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.63,0:12:08.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the income is higher
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.58,0:12:11.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than that of the American negro,\Nand they do not include countries like
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.70,0:12:18.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,West Germany and France and Japan.\NNow, there are in America 35
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.08,0:12:24.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,negro millionaires. There are negro 6,000\Ndoctors and so on. Now I do not by saying
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.54,0:12:29.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this wish to emphasize that the negro is\Nfairly treated. I merely wish to try and
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.06,0:12:34.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,convey a more realistic and objective\Naccount of the situation of the negro.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.62,0:12:41.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I agree that there are negros who are\Nvery poor indeed, such as the...
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.58,0:12:45.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Such as the old gentlemen in the south
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.55,0:12:50.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who was talking about\Nsome of his wealthier brethren
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.56,0:12:53.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he was saying "Yes, sir,\Nsome of these rich negros,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.61,0:12:56.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they put on airs, they're like\Nthe bottom figure of a fraction,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.59,0:12:59.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the bigger they try to be,\Nthe smaller they really are."
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.24,0:13:04.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would repeat Mr. President, sir, in the \Nlast minute I have, that this debate
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.66,0:13:08.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not whether civil rights should be\Nextended to American negros or not;
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.29,0:13:12.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if it were, it would be a very easy \Nmotion to argue for and a very easy
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.14,0:13:17.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,motion to vote for. The debate tonight\Nconcerns whether the American Dream
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.96,0:13:22.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is at the expense of the American negro.\NThat is whether the American negro has
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.69,0:13:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,paid for the American Dream with his\Nsuffering or whether the American Dream
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.00,0:13:31.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has furthered negro inequality, and\NI would deny both those two precepts.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.29,0:13:35.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would say that negro inequality has\Nhindered the American Dream,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.92,0:13:39.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I would say that the American \NDream has been very important indeed
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.30,0:13:40.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in furthering civil rights
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.91,0:13:43.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in furthering\Nfreedom for the American negro.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.42,0:13:46.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mr. President, sir, I beg to oppose \Nthe motion.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.02,0:13:48.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[applause]
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.60,0:14:00.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- It is now with very great pleasure\Nand a very great sense of
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.58,0:14:04.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,honor that I call Mr. James Baldwin\Nto speak third to this motion.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.07,0:14:06.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[applause]
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.66,0:14:18.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: Now we have Mr. James Baldwin,\Nthe star of the evening, who has been \N
Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.30,0:14:23.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sitting, listening attentively and getting\Na wonderful reception here in the
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.77,0:14:25.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cambridge Union.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.53,0:14:29.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From members, enthusiasm\Nfrom all sides of the house for
Dialogue: 0,0:14:29.79,0:14:33.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mr. Baldwin, who has been\Nlistening to the arguments.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.17,0:14:35.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now will bring the voice of actual\Nexperience to the debate.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.71,0:14:37.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,James Baldwin: Good evening.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.10,0:14:40.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[laughter]
Dialogue: 0,0:14:40.67,0:14:50.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I find myself, not for the first time, in \Nthe position of a kind of Jeremiah.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.89,0:15:00.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, I don’t disagree with \NMr. Burford that the inequality
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.20,0:15:04.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,suffered by the American Negro population\Nof the United States has hindered
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.07,0:15:07.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the American Dream.\NIndeed, it has.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:07.73,0:15:14.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I quarrel with some other things he \Nhas to say. The other, deeper, element of
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.42,0:15:25.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a certain awkwardness I feel\Nhas to do with one’s point of view.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:25.65,0:15:29.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have to put it that way--\None’s sense, one’s system of reality.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.19,0:15:33.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It would seem to me the proposition \Nbefore the house, and I would put it
Dialogue: 0,0:15:33.24,0:15:37.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that way, is the American Dream at the \Nexpense of the American negro,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.30,0:15:40.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the American Dream is at \Nthe expense of the American negro,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:40.38,0:15:46.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a question hideously loaded, \Nand that one’s response to that question,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:46.51,0:15:52.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one’s reaction to that question,\Nhas to depend on effect and, in effect,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:52.52,0:15:56.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where you find yourself in the world, \Nwhat your sense of reality is,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:56.75,0:16:04.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what your system of reality is. \NThat is, it depends on assumptions which
Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.07,0:16:08.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we hold so deeply as to \Nbe scarcely aware of them.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:08.07,0:16:12.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A white South African or \Na Mississippi sharecropper or
Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.81,0:16:18.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mississippi sheriff, or a Frenchman \Ndriven out of Algeria, all have, at bottom,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:18.57,0:16:24.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a system of reality which compels \Nthem to, for example, in the case of the
Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.62,0:16:30.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,French exile from Algeria, to defend\NFrench reasons for having ruled Algeria.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:30.10,0:16:34.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Mississippi or the Alabama sheriff, \Nwho really does believe, when he’s facing
Dialogue: 0,0:16:34.40,0:16:40.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a negro boy or girl, that this woman, \Nthis man, this child must be insane to
Dialogue: 0,0:16:40.38,0:16:45.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,attack the system to which he owes \Nhis entire identity. Of course, to
Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.03,0:16:48.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such a person, the proposition of which \Nwe are trying to discuss here tonight
Dialogue: 0,0:16:48.84,0:17:01.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,does not exist. And on the other hand, \NI have to speak as one of the people
Dialogue: 0,0:17:01.59,0:17:07.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who’ve been most attacked by what \Nwe must now here call the Western or
Dialogue: 0,0:17:07.28,0:17:14.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,European system of reality.\NWhat white people in the world--
Dialogue: 0,0:17:14.63,0:17:18.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,white supremacy, I hate to say it here,\Ncomes from Europe.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:18.28,0:17:25.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's how it got to America. Beneath \Nthen, whatever one’s reaction to this
Dialogue: 0,0:17:25.01,0:17:30.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,proposition is, has to be the question \Nof whether or not civilizations can
Dialogue: 0,0:17:30.28,0:17:36.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be considered, as such, equal, or \Nwhether one civilization has the right
Dialogue: 0,0:17:36.28,0:17:41.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to overtake and subjugate, and, in fact, \Nto destroy another.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:42.72,0:17:48.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, what happens when that happens? \NLeaving aside all the physical facts which
Dialogue: 0,0:17:48.89,0:17:54.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one can quote. Leaving aside rape \Nor murder. Leaving aside the bloody
Dialogue: 0,0:17:54.33,0:17:59.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,catalog of oppression, which we \Nare in one way too familiar with already,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:59.65,0:18:04.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what this does to the subjugated, \Nthe most private, the most serious
Dialogue: 0,0:18:04.82,0:18:09.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thing this does to the subjugated, \Nis to destroy his sense of reality.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:09.99,0:18:16.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It destroys, for example, his father’s \Nauthority over him. His father can no
Dialogue: 0,0:18:16.04,0:18:19.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,longer tell him anything, because \Nthe past has disappeared, and his
Dialogue: 0,0:18:19.79,0:18:24.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,father has no power in the world. \NThis means, in the case of an
Dialogue: 0,0:18:24.24,0:18:29.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,American negro, born in that \Nglittering republic, and the moment you
Dialogue: 0,0:18:29.60,0:18:32.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are born, since you don’t \Nknow any better,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:32.08,0:18:36.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every stick and stone and \Nevery face is white.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:36.01,0:18:39.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And since you have not yet seen \Na mirror, you suppose that you
Dialogue: 0,0:18:39.61,0:18:47.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are, too. It comes as a great shock \Naround the age of 5, or 6, or 7, to
Dialogue: 0,0:18:47.54,0:18:51.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,discover the flag to which \Nyou have pledged allegiance, along with
Dialogue: 0,0:18:51.16,0:18:56.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everybody else, has not pledged \Nallegiance to you. It comes as a
Dialogue: 0,0:18:56.01,0:18:59.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,great shock to discover that Gary \NCooper killing off the Indians, when you
Dialogue: 0,0:18:59.23,0:19:06.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were rooting for Gary Cooper, \Nthat the Indians were you. It comes as a
Dialogue: 0,0:19:06.50,0:19:11.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,great shock to discover that the \Ncountry which is your birthplace and to
Dialogue: 0,0:19:11.17,0:19:17.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which you owe your life and your identity,\Nhas not, in its whole system of reality,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:17.08,0:19:24.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,evovled any place for you. The \Ndisaffection, the demoralization, and the
Dialogue: 0,0:19:24.59,0:19:29.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gap between one person and another \Nonly on the basis of the color of their
Dialogue: 0,0:19:29.79,0:19:35.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,skin, begins there and accelerates--\Naccelerates throughout a whole lifetime
Dialogue: 0,0:19:35.98,0:19:40.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the present when you realize \Nyou’re thirty and are having a terrible
Dialogue: 0,0:19:40.34,0:19:48.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,time managing to trust your \Ncountrymen. By the time you are thirty,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:48.18,0:19:55.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have been through a certain \Nkind of mill. And the most serious effect
Dialogue: 0,0:19:55.65,0:19:59.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the mill you’ve been through is, \Nagain, not the catalog of disaster,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:59.84,0:20:07.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the policemen, the taxi drivers, \Nthe waiters, the landlady, the landlord,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:07.14,0:20:12.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the banks, the insurance companies, \Nthe millions of details, twenty four
Dialogue: 0,0:20:12.49,0:20:17.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hours of every day, which spell \Nout to you that you are a worthless
Dialogue: 0,0:20:17.49,0:20:23.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,human being. It is not that. It’s by \Nthat time, you’ve begun to see
Dialogue: 0,0:20:23.18,0:20:28.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it happening in your daughter or your \Nson, or your niece or your nephew.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:28.37,0:20:33.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You are thirty by now and nothing you \Nhave done has helped you to
Dialogue: 0,0:20:33.37,0:20:38.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,escape the trap. But what is worse \Nthan that, is that nothing you
Dialogue: 0,0:20:38.13,0:20:44.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have done, and as far as you can tell, \Nnothing you can do, will save your
Dialogue: 0,0:20:44.08,0:20:49.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,son or your daughter from meeting \Nthe same disaster and not
Dialogue: 0,0:20:49.72,0:20:58.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,impossibly coming to the same \Nend. Now, we’re speaking about
Dialogue: 0,0:20:58.96,0:21:06.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,expense. I suppose there are \Nseveral ways to address oneself,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:06.19,0:21:15.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to... some attempt to define what that \Nword means here. Let me put it
Dialogue: 0,0:21:15.71,0:21:23.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this way, that from a very literal \Npoint of view, the harbors and the
Dialogue: 0,0:21:23.04,0:21:30.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ports, and the railroads of the \Ncountry, the economy,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:30.99,0:21:39.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially of the Southern \Nstates, could not conceivably be
Dialogue: 0,0:21:39.97,0:21:45.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what it has become, if they had \Nnot had, and do not still have,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:45.64,0:21:55.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,indeed, for so long, so many generations,\Ncheap labor. I am stating very
Dialogue: 0,0:21:55.22,0:22:04.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seriously, and this is not an \Noverstatement: I picked the cotton,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:04.23,0:22:13.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I carried it to market, \Nand I built the railroads under
Dialogue: 0,0:22:13.25,0:22:19.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,someone else’s whip for nothing. \NFor nothing.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:21.19,0:22:26.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Southern oligarchy, which has \Nuntil today so much power in
Dialogue: 0,0:22:26.82,0:22:31.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Washington, and therefore some \Npower in the world, was created
Dialogue: 0,0:22:31.38,0:22:37.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by my labor and my sweat, and the \Nviolation of my women and the murder of
Dialogue: 0,0:22:37.22,0:22:45.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my children. This, in the land of \Nthe free, and the home of the brave.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:45.36,0:22:50.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And no one can challenge that statement. \NIt is a matter of historical record.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:52.25,0:23:00.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In another way, this dream, and we’ll \Nget to the dream in a moment,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:00.92,0:23:06.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is at the expense of the American \Nnegro. You watched this in the Deep South
Dialogue: 0,0:23:06.58,0:23:14.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in great relief. But not only in the \NDeep South. In the Deep South, you
Dialogue: 0,0:23:14.76,0:23:17.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are dealing with a sheriff or a \Nlandlord, or a landlady or the
Dialogue: 0,0:23:17.100,0:23:28.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,girl of the Western Union desk, and \Nshe doesn’t know quite who she’s
Dialogue: 0,0:23:28.20,0:23:31.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dealing with, by which I mean, \Nthat if you’re not a part of the town,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:31.67,0:23:38.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if you are a northern nigger, \Nit shows in millions of ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:38.51,0:23:43.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So she simply knows that it’s an \Nunknown quantity, and she wants to
Dialogue: 0,0:23:43.55,0:23:46.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have nothing to do with it because \Nshe won’t talk to you, you have
Dialogue: 0,0:23:46.73,0:23:49.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to wait for a while to get your \Ntelegram. OK, we all know this.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:49.79,0:23:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've been through it and, by the \Ntime you get to be a man, it’s very easy
Dialogue: 0,0:23:54.00,0:23:58.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to deal with. But what is happening in \Nthe poor woman, the poor man’s mind
Dialogue: 0,0:23:58.87,0:24:06.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is this: they’ve been raised to believe, \Nand by now they helplessly believe,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:06.47,0:24:11.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that no matter how terrible their lives \Nmay be, and their lives have been
Dialogue: 0,0:24:11.74,0:24:17.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,quite terrible, and no matter how \Nfar they fall, no matter what disaster
Dialogue: 0,0:24:17.15,0:24:19.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,overtakes them, they have one \Nenormous knowledge in
Dialogue: 0,0:24:19.99,0:24:24.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,consolation, which is like a heavenly \Nrevelation: at least, they are not black.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:26.55,0:24:33.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now I suggest that of all the terrible \Nthings that can happen to a
Dialogue: 0,0:24:33.50,0:24:37.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,human being, that is one of the worst. \NI suggest that what has happened
Dialogue: 0,0:24:37.84,0:24:42.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to white southerners is in some ways, \Nafter all, much worse than
Dialogue: 0,0:24:42.04,0:24:51.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what has happened to negroes \Nthere, because Sheriff Clark in
Dialogue: 0,0:24:51.62,0:24:58.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Selma, Alabama, cannot be considered,\Nyou know, no one can be
Dialogue: 0,0:24:58.41,0:25:00.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dismissed as a total monster.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:00.73,0:25:02.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I’m sure he loves his wife, his children.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:02.91,0:25:05.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I’m sure that, you know,\Nhe likes to get drunk.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:07.78,0:25:11.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, after all, one’s got to\Nassume--and he is visibly a man like me.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:14.01,0:25:21.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But he doesn’t know what drives \Nhim to use the club, to menace with the
Dialogue: 0,0:25:21.35,0:25:25.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gun, and to use the cattle prod. \NSomething awful must have happened to
Dialogue: 0,0:25:25.22,0:25:28.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a human being to be able to put \Na cattle prod against a
Dialogue: 0,0:25:28.79,0:25:32.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,woman’s breasts, for example. \NWhat happens to the woman is ghastly.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:32.46,0:25:37.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happens to the man who \Ndoes it is in some ways much, much worse.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:39.31,0:25:46.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is being done, after all, not\Na hundred years ago, but in 1965,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:46.04,0:25:51.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a country which is blessed with what we\Ncall prosperity, a word we won’t examine
Dialogue: 0,0:25:51.88,0:25:59.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,too closely, with a certain kind of \Nsocial coherence, which calls itself a
Dialogue: 0,0:25:59.19,0:26:04.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,civilized nation, and which espouses \Nthe notion of the freedom of the
Dialogue: 0,0:26:04.66,0:26:10.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,world. And it is perfectly true\Nfrom the point of view now
Dialogue: 0,0:26:10.47,0:26:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,simply of an American negro, any\NAmerican negro watching this, no matter
Dialogue: 0,0:26:16.00,0:26:19.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where he is, from the vantage point of \NHarlem, which is another terrible
Dialogue: 0,0:26:19.50,0:26:24.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,place, has to say to himself, in spite of \Nwhat the government says,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:24.49,0:26:29.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the government says we can’t do \Nanything about it, but if those were
Dialogue: 0,0:26:29.49,0:26:33.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,white people being murdered in \NMississippi work farms, being carried
Dialogue: 0,0:26:33.96,0:26:37.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,off to jail, if those were white children \Nrunning up and down the streets,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:37.78,0:26:41.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the government would find some \Nway of doing something about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:41.30,0:26:45.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have a civil rights bill now \Nwhere an amendment, we have
Dialogue: 0,0:26:45.46,0:26:49.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the 15th amendment, nearly a hundred \Nyears ago--I hate to sound again
Dialogue: 0,0:26:49.44,0:26:52.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like an Old Testament prophet,\Nbut if the amendment was not
Dialogue: 0,0:26:52.44,0:26:55.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,honored then, I don't have any \Nreason to believe the civil rights
Dialogue: 0,0:26:55.65,0:26:58.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bill will be honored now.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:58.30,0:27:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And after all one’s been there, since \Nbefore, you know, a lot of other
Dialogue: 0,0:27:02.00,0:27:09.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people got there. If one has got\Nto prove one’s title to the land,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:09.56,0:27:15.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,isn't 400 years enough? \N400 years? At least three wars?
Dialogue: 0,0:27:16.37,0:27:20.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The American soil is full of the \Ncorpses of my ancestors.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:20.27,0:27:25.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why is my freedom or my citizenship, \Nor my right to live there, how
Dialogue: 0,0:27:25.77,0:27:31.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is it conceivably a question now? \NAnd I suggest further, and in the
Dialogue: 0,0:27:31.74,0:27:37.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,same way, the moral life of Alabama \Nsheriffs and poor Alabama ladies,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:37.33,0:27:41.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,white ladies, their moral lives \Nhave been destroyed by the
Dialogue: 0,0:27:41.73,0:27:47.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,plague called color, that the American \Nsense of reality has been corrupted by it.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:48.78,0:27:53.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the risk of sounding excessive, \Nwhat I always felt, when I finally
Dialogue: 0,0:27:53.37,0:27:58.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,left the country, found myself abroad, \Nin other places, and watched
Dialogue: 0,0:27:58.37,0:28:03.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Americans abroad, and these are \Nmy countrymen, and I do
Dialogue: 0,0:28:03.41,0:28:09.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,care about them, and even if I didn’t, \Nthere is something between us.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:09.02,0:28:14.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have the same shorthand, I know, \Nif I look at a boy or a girl from
Dialogue: 0,0:28:14.13,0:28:18.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tennessee, where they came from in \NTennessee, and what that means.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:18.16,0:28:21.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No Englishman knows that. No Frenchman.\NNo one in the world knows that except
Dialogue: 0,0:28:21.96,0:28:24.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,another black man who comes \Nfrom the same place.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:25.26,0:28:32.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One watches these lonely people.\NDenying the only kin they have.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:32.85,0:28:36.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We talk about integration in America\Nas though it were some great new
Dialogue: 0,0:28:36.43,0:28:40.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,conundrum. The problem in America\Nis that we have been integrated for
Dialogue: 0,0:28:40.62,0:28:46.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a very long time. Put me next to any \NAfrican and you will see what I mean.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:46.72,0:28:52.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My grandmother was not a racist.\NWhat we are not facing...
Dialogue: 0,0:28:54.65,0:28:58.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the results of what we've done.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:58.73,0:29:04.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What one begs the American people to do\Nfor all our sakes is simply to
Dialogue: 0,0:29:04.22,0:29:07.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,accept our history.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:07.54,0:29:11.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was there not only as a slave\Nbut also as a concubine. \N
Dialogue: 0,0:29:11.98,0:29:16.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One knows the power afterall which \Ncan be used against another person
Dialogue: 0,0:29:16.79,0:29:18.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who has absolute power over \Nthat person.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:21.47,0:29:24.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It seemed to me when I watched \NAmericans in Europe that what they
Dialogue: 0,0:29:24.60,0:29:30.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,didn’t know about Europeans was \Nwhat they didn’t know about me.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:30.86,0:29:34.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They weren’t trying, for example, to be \Nnasty to the French girl, or
Dialogue: 0,0:29:34.54,0:29:39.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rude to the French waiter. They \Ndidn’t know they hurt their feelings.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:39.31,0:29:43.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They didn’t have any sense this \Nparticular woman, this particular man,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:43.72,0:29:46.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,though they spoke another language \Nand had different manners
Dialogue: 0,0:29:46.25,0:29:51.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and ways, was a human being. And \Nthey walked over them with the same kind
Dialogue: 0,0:29:51.28,0:29:59.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of bland ignorance, condescension, \Ncharming and cheerful with which
Dialogue: 0,0:29:59.07,0:30:03.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they’d always patted me on the head \Nand called me Shine and were upset
Dialogue: 0,0:30:03.83,0:30:14.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I was upset. What is relevant \Nabout this is that whereas forty years ago
Dialogue: 0,0:30:14.74,0:30:22.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I was born, the question of having \Nto deal with what is unspoken
Dialogue: 0,0:30:22.55,0:30:28.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the subjugated, what is never said \Nto the master, of ever
Dialogue: 0,0:30:28.05,0:30:31.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,having to deal with this reality \Nwas a very remote possibility.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:31.01,0:30:35.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was in no one’s mind. When I was\Ngrowing up, I was taught in
Dialogue: 0,0:30:35.40,0:30:39.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,American history books, that Africa had\Nno history, and neither did I.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:41.56,0:30:47.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That I was a savage about whom the less \Nsaid, the better, who had been
Dialogue: 0,0:30:47.90,0:30:55.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,saved by Europe and brought to America. \NAnd, of course, I believed it.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:57.35,0:31:02.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I didn’t have much choice. \NThose are the only books there were.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:02.27,0:31:05.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everyone else seemed to agree.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:05.32,0:31:09.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you walk out of Harlem, ride out \Nof Harlem, downtown, the world
Dialogue: 0,0:31:09.84,0:31:16.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,agrees what you see is much bigger, \Ncleaner, whiter, richer, safer
Dialogue: 0,0:31:16.58,0:31:21.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than where you are. They collect \Nthe garbage. People obviously can
Dialogue: 0,0:31:21.33,0:31:25.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pay their life insurance. Their children \Nlook happy, safe. You’re not.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:25.31,0:31:31.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you go back home, and it would \Nseem that, of course, that it’s an act
Dialogue: 0,0:31:31.29,0:31:38.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of God that this is true! That you \Nbelong where white people have put you.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:40.66,0:31:45.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is only since the Second World War, \Nthat there’s been a
Dialogue: 0,0:31:45.40,0:31:48.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,counter-image in the world. And that \Nimage did not come about through
Dialogue: 0,0:31:48.87,0:31:53.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,any legislation or part of any\NAmerican government, but through
Dialogue: 0,0:31:53.81,0:32:01.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the fact that Africa was suddenly \Non the stage of the world, and Africans
Dialogue: 0,0:32:01.22,0:32:05.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had to be dealt with in a way they’d \Nnever been dealt with before.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:05.20,0:32:09.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This gave an American negro for \Nthe first time a sense of himself
Dialogue: 0,0:32:09.69,0:32:19.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,beyond a savage or a clown. It has \Ncreated and will create a great
Dialogue: 0,0:32:19.73,0:32:23.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many conundrums. One of the great \Nthings that the white world
Dialogue: 0,0:32:23.97,0:32:29.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,does not know, but I think I do know, \Nis that black people are just like
Dialogue: 0,0:32:29.62,0:32:34.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everybody else. One has used the \Nmyth of negro and the myth of color
Dialogue: 0,0:32:34.39,0:32:39.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to pretend and to assume that you \Nwere dealing, essentially,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:39.29,0:32:43.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with something exotic, bizarre, \Nand practically, according to human laws,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:43.76,0:32:49.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unknown. Alas, it is not true. \NWe’re also mercenaries,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:49.07,0:32:54.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dictators, murderers, liars. \NWe are human too.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:56.51,0:33:01.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is crucial here is that unless \Nwe can manage to accept, establish
Dialogue: 0,0:33:01.28,0:33:08.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some kind of dialog between those \Npeople whom I pretend have paid
Dialogue: 0,0:33:08.42,0:33:16.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the American Dream and those \Nother people who have not achieved it,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:16.38,0:33:23.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we will be in terrible trouble. I want \Nto say, at the end, the last, is that
Dialogue: 0,0:33:23.36,0:33:28.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is what concerns me most. We are \Nsitting in this room, and we are all,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:28.34,0:33:32.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at least we’d like to think we are, \Nrelatively civilized, and we can talk to
Dialogue: 0,0:33:32.35,0:33:38.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,each other at least on certain levels,\Nso that we could walk out of here
Dialogue: 0,0:33:38.72,0:33:43.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,assuming that the measure of our \Nenlightenment, or at least, our
Dialogue: 0,0:33:43.21,0:33:46.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,politeness, has some effect on \Nthe world. It may not.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:48.28,0:33:54.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remember, for example, when the \Nex-attorney-general Mr. Robert Kennedy
Dialogue: 0,0:33:54.56,0:34:01.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,said that it was conceivable that in \Nforty years, in America, we might have
Dialogue: 0,0:34:01.24,0:34:08.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a negro president. That sounded \Nlike a very emancipated statement,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:08.08,0:34:14.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I suppose, to white people. They were \Nnot in Harlem when this statement
Dialogue: 0,0:34:14.01,0:34:19.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was first heard. And did not hear, \Nand possibly will never hear the laughter
Dialogue: 0,0:34:19.65,0:34:22.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the bitterness, and the scorn \Nwith which this statement was greeted.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:22.13,0:34:25.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From the point of view of the man \Nin the Harlem barbershop, Bobby Kennedy
Dialogue: 0,0:34:25.86,0:34:32.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only got here yesterday, and he’s \Nalready on his way to the presidency.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:32.51,0:34:36.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We’ve been here for 400 years\Nand now he tells us that maybe
Dialogue: 0,0:34:36.84,0:34:42.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in forty years, if you’re good, \Nwe may let you become president.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:44.37,0:34:52.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is dangerous here is the turning \Naway from--the turning away from
Dialogue: 0,0:34:52.92,0:34:59.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anything any white American says. \NThe reason for the political hesitation,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:59.50,0:35:03.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in spite of the Johnson landslide is \Nthat one has been betrayed by American
Dialogue: 0,0:35:03.69,0:35:08.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,politicians for so long. And I am a \Ngrown man and perhaps I can be
Dialogue: 0,0:35:08.71,0:35:16.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reasoned with. I certainly hope I can be. \NBut I don’t know, and neither does
Dialogue: 0,0:35:16.77,0:35:21.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Martin Luther King, none of us know \Nhow to deal with those other people
Dialogue: 0,0:35:21.25,0:35:24.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whom the white world has so long \Nignored, who don’t believe anything
Dialogue: 0,0:35:24.19,0:35:30.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the white world says and don’t entirely \Nbelieve anything I or Martin is saying.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:32.39,0:35:34.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one can’t blame them. You watch \Nwhat has happened to them in less than
Dialogue: 0,0:35:34.89,0:35:42.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,twenty years. It seems to me that the\Ncity of New York, for example, this is
Dialogue: 0,0:35:42.25,0:35:49.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my last point, has had negroes\Nin it for a very long time.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:49.74,0:35:55.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If the city of New York were able, as it \Nhas indeed been able, in the last fifteen
Dialogue: 0,0:35:55.89,0:36:01.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,years to reconstruct itself, tear down \Nbuildings and raise great new ones,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:01.03,0:36:07.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,downtown and for money, and has \Ndone nothing whatever except build
Dialogue: 0,0:36:07.83,0:36:15.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,housing projects in the ghetto for the \Nnegroes. And of course, negroes hate it.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:15.30,0:36:18.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Presently the property does indeed \Ndeteriorate because the children
Dialogue: 0,0:36:18.84,0:36:26.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cannot bear it. They want to get out \Nof the ghetto. If the American pretensions
Dialogue: 0,0:36:26.39,0:36:33.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were based on more solid, a more \Nhonest assessment of life and of
Dialogue: 0,0:36:33.08,0:36:39.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,themselves, it would not mean for negroes \Nwhen someone says “urban renewal,”
Dialogue: 0,0:36:39.09,0:36:41.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that negroes simply are gonna \Nbe thrown out into the streets.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:41.86,0:36:45.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which is what it does mean now. \NThis is not an act of God. We’re
Dialogue: 0,0:36:45.34,0:36:52.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dealing with a society made and ruled \Nby men. If the American negro had not
Dialogue: 0,0:36:52.49,0:36:56.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,been present in America, I am convinced \Nthat the history of the American labor
Dialogue: 0,0:36:56.25,0:36:59.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,movement would be much \Nmore edifying than it is.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:59.18,0:37:05.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is a terrible thing for an entire \Npeople to surrender to the notion
Dialogue: 0,0:37:05.78,0:37:12.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that one-ninth of its population is \Nbeneath them. And until that moment,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:12.06,0:37:18.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until the moment comes when we, the \NAmericans, we, the American people,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:18.28,0:37:23.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are able to accept the fact, that I have \Nto accept, for example, that my ancestors
Dialogue: 0,0:37:23.30,0:37:28.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are both white and black, that on that \Ncontinent we are trying to forge a new
Dialogue: 0,0:37:28.62,0:37:34.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,identity for which we need each other \Nand that I am not a ward of America,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:34.81,0:37:40.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am not an object of missionary charity.\NI am one of the people who built
Dialogue: 0,0:37:40.51,0:37:46.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the country, until this moment, there is \Nscarcely any hope for the American Dream,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:46.77,0:37:53.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the people who are denied \Nparticipation in it, by their very
Dialogue: 0,0:37:53.42,0:37:59.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,presence, will wreck it. And if that \Nhappens, it is a very grave moment for
Dialogue: 0,0:37:59.05,0:38:00.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the West. Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:00.90,0:38:04.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[loud applause]
Dialogue: 0,0:38:22.25,0:38:28.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: Tremendously moving moment now.\NThe whole of the union standing and
Dialogue: 0,0:38:28.43,0:38:34.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,applauding this magnificent speech of\NJames Baldwin. Never seen this happen
Dialogue: 0,0:38:34.94,0:38:41.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before in the union in all the years\Nthat I have known it. Baldwin smiling,
Dialogue: 0,0:38:41.02,0:38:46.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,obviously delighted by his reception,\Ntremendously moved by it.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:46.49,0:38:48.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[applause]
Dialogue: 0,0:39:04.62,0:39:07.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,President: I am now very grateful \Nand very pleased to be
Dialogue: 0,0:39:07.38,0:39:11.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,able to call Mr. William F Buckley Jr.\Nto speak fourth to this motion.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:11.24,0:39:14.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[applause]
Dialogue: 0,0:39:19.41,0:39:23.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: Now we have Mr. William \NBuckley, who will need all his skill to
Dialogue: 0,0:39:23.44,0:39:27.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,establish ascendancy over his audience, \Nwhich has clearly been so deeply
Dialogue: 0,0:39:27.29,0:39:31.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,moved by the eloquence and personal \Nexperience of the preceding speaker.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:31.56,0:39:34.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,William Buckley: Thank you Mr. President, \NBaldwin, Heycock, Burford, gentlemen.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:39.39,0:39:49.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It seems to me that of all the indictments\NMr. Baldwin has made of America\N
Dialogue: 0,0:39:49.24,0:39:58.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here tonight and in his copious literature\Nof protest, that the one that is most
Dialogue: 0,0:39:58.89,0:40:11.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,striking, involves, in effect, the refusal\Nof the American community to treat
Dialogue: 0,0:40:11.51,0:40:19.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,him other than as a negro.\NThe American community has refused
Dialogue: 0,0:40:19.65,0:40:26.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to do this. The American community\Nalmost everywhere he goes
Dialogue: 0,0:40:26.42,0:40:36.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,treats him with a kind of unction,\Nof a kind of satisfaction at posturing
Dialogue: 0,0:40:36.06,0:40:44.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,carefully for his flagellations\Nof our civilization. That indeed,
Dialogue: 0,0:40:44.28,0:40:50.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,quite properly, commands the contempt\Nwhich he so eloquently showers upon us.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:52.10,0:40:57.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is impossible in my judgment to deal\Nwith the indictment of Mr. Baldwin
Dialogue: 0,0:40:57.33,0:41:03.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unless one is prepared to deal with him as\Na white man. Unless one is prepared to
Dialogue: 0,0:41:03.49,0:41:08.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,say to him, the fact that your skin is \Nblack is utterly irrelevant to the
Dialogue: 0,0:41:08.42,0:41:14.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,arguments that you raise, or the \Nfact that you sit here as is your
Dialogue: 0,0:41:14.30,0:41:20.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rhetorical device and lay the entire\Nweight of the negro ordeal on your
Dialogue: 0,0:41:20.37,0:41:26.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,own shoulders is irrelevant to the\Nargument that we are here to discuss.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:29.07,0:41:36.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The gravamen of Mr. Baldwin's charges \Nagainst America are not so much that our
Dialogue: 0,0:41:36.10,0:41:41.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,civilization has failed him and his \Npeople. That our ideals are
Dialogue: 0,0:41:41.74,0:41:48.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,insufficient or that we have no \Nideals. That our ideals, rather,
Dialogue: 0,0:41:48.77,0:41:54.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are some sort of a superficial coating\Nwhich we come up with at any
Dialogue: 0,0:41:54.37,0:41:58.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,given moment in order to justify\Nwhatever commercial and
Dialogue: 0,0:41:58.76,0:42:04.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,noxious experiment we are engaged in.\NThus, Mr. Baldwin can write his
Dialogue: 0,0:42:04.44,0:42:10.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,book "The Fire Next Time," in which\Nhe threatens America. He didn't
Dialogue: 0,0:42:10.02,0:42:13.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in writing that book speak with a\NBritish accent that he used
Dialogue: 0,0:42:13.92,0:42:17.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,exclusively tonight, in which he \Nthreatened America with a
Dialogue: 0,0:42:17.70,0:42:27.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,necessity for us to jettison...\Nfor us to jettison our entire
Dialogue: 0,0:42:27.43,0:42:32.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,civilization, the only thing that the\Nwhite man has that the negro should
Dialogue: 0,0:42:32.79,0:42:37.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,want, he said, is power,\Nand he is treated
Dialogue: 0,0:42:37.44,0:42:42.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from coast to coast of the United\NStates with a kind of unctuous...
Dialogue: 0,0:42:42.06,0:42:46.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Narrator speaking over him: inaudible]
Dialogue: 0,0:42:46.66,0:42:49.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,... that goes beyond anything that was\Never expected from the most
Dialogue: 0,0:42:49.85,0:42:54.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,servile negro creature by a southern\Nfamily. I propose to pay him the honor
Dialogue: 0,0:42:54.10,0:43:00.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this night of saying to him, Mr. Baldwin,\NI am going to speak to you without any
Dialogue: 0,0:43:00.71,0:43:08.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reference whatever to those surrounding\Nprotections which you are used to
Dialogue: 0,0:43:08.04,0:43:12.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in virtue of the fact that you are a\Nnegro. Here we need to ask the question,
Dialogue: 0,0:43:12.67,0:43:17.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what in fact shall we do about it,\NMr. President? What shall we in America
Dialogue: 0,0:43:17.13,0:43:25.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,try to do? For instance, to eliminate \Nthose psychic humiliations which I join
Dialogue: 0,0:43:25.32,0:43:30.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mr. Baldwin in believing are the very\Nworst aspects of this discrimination.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:30.05,0:43:35.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You found it a source of considerable\Nmirth to laugh away the statistics
Dialogue: 0,0:43:35.34,0:43:39.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of my colleague, Mr. Burford. I don't \Nthink they are insignificant. They
Dialogue: 0,0:43:39.82,0:43:45.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,certainly are not insignificant in a world\Nwhich attaches a considerable importance
Dialogue: 0,0:43:45.01,0:43:53.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to material progress. It is in fact the case\Nthat seven-tenths of the white income
Dialogue: 0,0:43:53.25,0:43:57.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the United States is equal to the \Nincome that is made by the average
Dialogue: 0,0:43:57.36,0:44:02.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,negro. I don't think this is an irrelevant \Nstatistic, ladies and gentleman. It takes
Dialogue: 0,0:44:02.86,0:44:06.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the capitalization of fifteen, sixteen,\Nseventeen thousand dollars per job in the
Dialogue: 0,0:44:06.80,0:44:12.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,United States. This is capitalization that\Nwas not created exclusively as a result
Dialogue: 0,0:44:12.29,0:44:17.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of negro travail. My great grandparents\Nworked too, presumably yours worked
Dialogue: 0,0:44:17.62,0:44:21.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also. I don't know of anything that has \Never been created without the expense
Dialogue: 0,0:44:21.11,0:44:25.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of something. All of you who hope for a\Ndiploma here are going to do that at the
Dialogue: 0,0:44:25.53,0:44:30.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,expense of a considerable amount of \Neffort. And I would thank you to please
Dialogue: 0,0:44:30.11,0:44:35.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not to belie the fact that a considerable\Namount of effort went into the production
Dialogue: 0,0:44:35.13,0:44:39.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a system which grants a greater degree\Nof material well-being to the American
Dialogue: 0,0:44:39.61,0:44:44.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,negro, than that that is enjoyed\Nby 95% of the other peoples of the human
Dialogue: 0,0:44:44.13,0:44:50.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,race. But even so, to the extent that \Nyour withering laughter suggested here
Dialogue: 0,0:44:50.59,0:44:56.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you found this a contemptible \Nobservation, I agree. I don't think it
Dialogue: 0,0:44:56.25,0:45:00.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,matters that there are 35 millionaires\Namong the negro community
Dialogue: 0,0:45:00.80,0:45:04.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if there were 35, if there were \N20 million millionaires among
Dialogue: 0,0:45:04.28,0:45:08.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the negro community of the United States,\NI would still agree with you that we
Dialogue: 0,0:45:08.26,0:45:14.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have a dastardly situation. But I am \Nasking you not to make politics as
Dialogue: 0,0:45:14.57,0:45:20.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the crow flies, to use the fleeted phrase \Nof Professor Oakshock, but rather to consider
Dialogue: 0,0:45:20.09,0:45:24.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what in fact is it that we Americans ought \Nto do? What are your instructions that
Dialogue: 0,0:45:24.96,0:45:29.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am to take back to the United States\Nmy friend? I want to know what it is
Dialogue: 0,0:45:29.54,0:45:34.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we should do and especially, I want \Nto know whether it is time in fact
Dialogue: 0,0:45:34.61,0:45:38.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to abandon the American Dream as it \Nhas been defined by Mr. Heycock and
Dialogue: 0,0:45:38.96,0:45:44.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mr. Burford. What in fact is it we\Nought to do, for instance, to avoid
Dialogue: 0,0:45:44.01,0:45:52.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,due humiliations mentioned by Mr. Baldwin \Nas being a part of his own experience
Dialogue: 0,0:45:52.32,0:45:57.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,during his lifetime. At the age of twelve,\Nyou will find on reading his book,
Dialogue: 0,0:45:57.68,0:46:04.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he trespassed outside the ghetto of \NHarlem and was taken by the scruff of the
Dialogue: 0,0:46:04.29,0:46:08.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,neck by a policeman on 42nd Street,\NMadison Avenue and said, "Here,
Dialogue: 0,0:46:08.79,0:46:14.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you nigger, go back to where you belong."\NFifteen, twenty years later he goes in
Dialogue: 0,0:46:14.56,0:46:20.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and asks for a scotch whiskey at the \Nairport at Chicago and is told by the
Dialogue: 0,0:46:20.58,0:46:25.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,white woman that he is obviously underage\Nand under the circumstances, can't be
Dialogue: 0,0:46:25.86,0:46:32.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,served. I know. I know from your faces \Nthat you share with me the feeling of
Dialogue: 0,0:46:32.63,0:46:38.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,compassion and the feeling of outrage\Nthat this kind of thing should have
Dialogue: 0,0:46:38.24,0:46:43.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,happened. What in fact are we going to \Ndo to this policeman and what in fact are
Dialogue: 0,0:46:43.78,0:46:52.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we going to do to this barman? How are we \Ngoing to avoid the kind of humiliations
Dialogue: 0,0:46:52.13,0:46:58.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are perpetually visited on members\Nof the minority race? Obviously, the first
Dialogue: 0,0:46:58.41,0:47:03.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,element is concern. We've got to\Ncare that it happens. We've got to
Dialogue: 0,0:47:03.95,0:47:09.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,do what we can to change the warp\Nand woof of moral thought in society
Dialogue: 0,0:47:09.39,0:47:15.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in such fashion as to try to make it \Nhappen less and less. Let me urge this
Dialogue: 0,0:47:15.26,0:47:18.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,point to you, which I can do with \Nauthority, my friends. The only thing that
Dialogue: 0,0:47:18.86,0:47:24.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can tonight, and that is to tell you \Nthat in the United States there is a
Dialogue: 0,0:47:24.66,0:47:27.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,concern for the negro problem.\NNow if you get up to me and
Dialogue: 0,0:47:27.84,0:47:32.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,say--[laughter]
Dialogue: 0,0:47:32.85,0:47:36.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you get up to me and say, \N"Well, now is there the kind of
Dialogue: 0,0:47:36.56,0:47:40.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,concern that we, students of Cambridge, \Nwould show if the problem were our
Dialogue: 0,0:47:40.92,0:47:46.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,own?" All I can say is, I don't know. \NIt may very well be that there has
Dialogue: 0,0:47:46.20,0:47:51.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,been some sort of a sunburst of \Nmoral enlightenment that has hit this
Dialogue: 0,0:47:51.59,0:47:55.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,community so as to make it predictable \Nthat if you were the
Dialogue: 0,0:47:55.82,0:47:59.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,governors of the United States,\Nthe situation would change overnight.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:59.90,0:48:04.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am prepared to grant this as a \Nform of courtesy, Mr. President, but
Dialogue: 0,0:48:04.83,0:48:10.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meanwhile, I am saying to you that the \Nengines of concern in the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:48:10.65,0:48:17.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are working. The presence of Mr. Baldwin \Nhere tonight is in part a reflection of
Dialogue: 0,0:48:17.24,0:48:21.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that concern. [audience member \Nyells out] You cannot go to a
Dialogue: 0,0:48:21.22,0:48:25.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,university in the United States, a \Nuniversity in the United States presumably
Dialogue: 0,0:48:25.41,0:48:30.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also governed by the lord spiritual as \Nyou are, in which Mr. Baldwin is not the
Dialogue: 0,0:48:30.72,0:48:36.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,toast of the town. You cannot go to a \Nuniversity of the United States in which
Dialogue: 0,0:48:36.02,0:48:43.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,practically all other problems of public policy\Nare preempted by the primary policy of concern
Dialogue: 0,0:48:43.34,0:48:48.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the negro. I challenge you to name\Nanother civilization any time
Dialogue: 0,0:48:48.79,0:48:53.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anywhere in the history of the world \Nin which the problems of the minority,
Dialogue: 0,0:48:53.34,0:48:58.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which have been showing considerable\Nmaterial and political advancement is as
Dialogue: 0,0:48:58.07,0:49:03.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,much a subject of dramatic concern as it \Nis in the United States, but let me just
Dialogue: 0,0:49:03.20,0:49:12.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,say finally, ladies and gentlemen, this. \NThere is no instant cure for the race
Dialogue: 0,0:49:12.01,0:49:16.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,problem in America and anybody\Nwho tells you that there is
Dialogue: 0,0:49:16.59,0:49:21.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a charlatan and\Nultimately a boring man.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:21.19,0:49:27.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Boring precisely because he is then\Nspeaking in the kind of abstractions that
Dialogue: 0,0:49:27.74,0:49:33.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,do not relate to the human experience.\NThe trouble in America where the negro
Dialogue: 0,0:49:33.43,0:49:38.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,community is concerned is a very\Ncomplicated one. I urge those of you
Dialogue: 0,0:49:38.71,0:49:44.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who have an actual rather than a \Npurely ideologized interest in the
Dialogue: 0,0:49:44.43,0:49:50.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,problem to read the book "Beyond\Nthe Melting Pot" by Professor Glazer,
Dialogue: 0,0:49:50.51,0:49:56.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also co-author of the "The Lonely Proud"\Na prominent Jewish intellectual who
Dialogue: 0,0:49:56.83,0:50:02.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,points at the fact that the situation in\NAmerica where the negros are concerned
Dialogue: 0,0:50:02.16,0:50:08.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is extremely complex as the result of an\Nunfortunate conjunction of two factors.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:08.62,0:50:15.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One is the dreadful efforts to perpetuate\Ndiscrimination by many individual American
Dialogue: 0,0:50:15.93,0:50:21.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,citizens as a result of their lack of that\Nfinal and ultimate concern which some
Dialogue: 0,0:50:21.91,0:50:27.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people are truly trying to agitate, the other\Nis as a result of the failure of the negro
Dialogue: 0,0:50:27.32,0:50:35.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,community itself to make certain exertions\Nwhich were made by other minority groups
Dialogue: 0,0:50:35.03,0:50:40.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,during the American experience. If you can\Nstand a statistic not of my own making,
Dialogue: 0,0:50:40.43,0:50:45.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let me give you one which Professor \NGlazer considers as relevant. He says
Dialogue: 0,0:50:45.51,0:50:51.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for instance, in 1900 there were\N3,500 negro doctors in America.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:51.37,0:50:57.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1960, there were 3,900. An \Nincrease in 400. Is this because
Dialogue: 0,0:50:57.20,0:51:01.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there were no opportunities, as has been \Nsuggested by Mr. Heycock and also by
Dialogue: 0,0:51:01.25,0:51:06.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mr. Baldwin implicitly. "No," says\NProfessor Glazer. There are a great many
Dialogue: 0,0:51:06.28,0:51:11.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,medical schools who by no means practice \Ndiscrimination, who are anxious to recieve
Dialogue: 0,0:51:11.88,0:51:15.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the trained negro doctors. There are \Nscholarships available to put them
Dialogue: 0,0:51:15.73,0:51:21.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through, but in fact that particular \Nenergy which he remarks was so noticeable
Dialogue: 0,0:51:21.16,0:51:24.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Jewish community and to a certain \Nand lesser extent in the Italian and
Dialogue: 0,0:51:24.28,0:51:29.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Irish community, for some reason is \Nnot there. We should focus on the
Dialogue: 0,0:51:29.07,0:51:34.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,necessity to animate this particular \Nenergy, but he comes to the conclusion
Dialogue: 0,0:51:34.15,0:51:38.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which strikes me as plausible. The people \Nwho can best do it most effectively
Dialogue: 0,0:51:38.61,0:51:44.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are negros themselves. Let me conclude\Nby reminding you, ladies and gentlemen
Dialogue: 0,0:51:44.81,0:51:50.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that where the negro is concerned,\Nthe dangers, far as I can see at this
Dialogue: 0,0:51:50.31,0:51:56.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,moment is that they will seek to\Nreach out for some sort of radical
Dialogue: 0,0:51:56.14,0:52:01.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,solutions on the basis of which the true \Nproblem is obscured. They have done a
Dialogue: 0,0:52:01.80,0:52:08.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,great deal to focus on the fact of white \Ndiscrimination against negros. They have
Dialogue: 0,0:52:08.59,0:52:14.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,done a great deal to agitate a moral \Nconcern, but where in fact do they go
Dialogue: 0,0:52:14.21,0:52:18.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now? They seem to be slipping, if you read\Ncarefully for instance the words of
Dialogue: 0,0:52:18.75,0:52:25.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mr. Bayard Rustin, toward some sort of a \Nprocrustean formulation which ends up
Dialogue: 0,0:52:25.27,0:52:30.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,less urging the advancement of the negro\Nthan the regression of the white people.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:30.46,0:52:36.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fourteen times as many people in New\NYork City born of negros are illegitimate
Dialogue: 0,0:52:36.22,0:52:40.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as of whites. This is a problem. How\Nshould we address it? By seeking out laws
Dialogue: 0,0:52:40.85,0:52:45.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that encourage illegitimacy in white \Npeople? This unfortunately tends to be\N
Dialogue: 0,0:52:45.51,0:52:48.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the rhetorical momentum that\Nsome of the arguments are taking.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:48.91,0:52:54.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- One thing you might do Mr. Buckley is\Nlet them vote in Mississippi. [applause]
Dialogue: 0,0:52:54.22,0:52:55.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Buckley: I agree.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:59.66,0:53:06.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I couldn't agree with you more\Nand for... except, lest I appear too
Dialogue: 0,0:53:06.87,0:53:12.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ingratiating which is hardly my objective\Nhere tonight. I think actually what is
Dialogue: 0,0:53:12.45,0:53:16.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wrong in Mississippi, sir, is not that not\Nenough negros are voting but that
Dialogue: 0,0:53:16.11,0:53:18.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,too many white people are voting.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:18.66,0:53:21.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[laughter]
Dialogue: 0,0:53:25.66,0:53:32.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Booker T. Washington said, "That the\Nimportant thing where negros are
Dialogue: 0,0:53:32.73,0:53:37.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,concerned is not that they hold\Npublic office, but they be prepared
Dialogue: 0,0:53:37.99,0:53:42.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to hold public office. Not that they vote,\Nbut that they be prepared to vote."
Dialogue: 0,0:53:42.02,0:53:45.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What are we going to do with the\Nnegros having taught the negros
Dialogue: 0,0:53:45.35,0:53:49.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Mississippi to despise Barnett, \NRoss Barnett, shall we then teach
Dialogue: 0,0:53:49.93,0:53:53.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,them to emulate their cousins \Nin Harlem and adore Adam
Dialogue: 0,0:53:53.72,0:53:58.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Clayton Powell Jr.? It is much more\Ncomplicated, sir, than simply the
Dialogue: 0,0:53:58.54,0:54:02.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,question of giving them the vote.\NIf I were myself a constituent of the
Dialogue: 0,0:54:02.83,0:54:06.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,community of Mississippi at this moment,\Nwhat I would do is vote to lift the
Dialogue: 0,0:54:06.81,0:54:12.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,standards of the vote so as to\Ndisqualify 65% of the white people who
Dialogue: 0,0:54:12.12,0:54:14.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are presently voting, not simply...
Dialogue: 0,0:54:14.44,0:54:16.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[applause]
Dialogue: 0,0:54:19.78,0:54:21.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I say, then, that what we need
Dialogue: 0,0:54:21.93,0:54:26.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a considerable amount\Nof frankness that acknowledges
Dialogue: 0,0:54:26.37,0:54:31.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there are two sets of difficulties, \Nthe difficulties of the white person who
Dialogue: 0,0:54:31.62,0:54:38.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,acts as white people and brown people\Nand black people do all over the world to
Dialogue: 0,0:54:38.12,0:54:42.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,protect their own vested interests, who\Nhave as all the races in the entire world
Dialogue: 0,0:54:42.71,0:54:50.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have and suffer from a kind of racial \Nnarcissism which tends always to
Dialogue: 0,0:54:50.35,0:54:54.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,convert every contingency in such a way\Nas to maximize their own power.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:54.53,0:54:57.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That, yes, we must do,\Nbut we must also
Dialogue: 0,0:54:57.40,0:55:00.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reach through to\Nthe negro people and tell them
Dialogue: 0,0:55:00.62,0:55:05.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that their best chances are in a mobile \Nsociety and the most mobile society
Dialogue: 0,0:55:05.98,0:55:11.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the world today, my friends, is the \NUnited States of America. The most
Dialogue: 0,0:55:11.05,0:55:14.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mobile society in the world is the \NUnited States of America, and it is \N
Dialogue: 0,0:55:14.72,0:55:19.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,precisely that mobility which will give\Nopportunities to the negros which
Dialogue: 0,0:55:19.82,0:55:24.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they must be encouraged to take, but\Nthey must not in the course of their
Dialogue: 0,0:55:24.78,0:55:32.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ordeal be encouraged to adopt the kind\Nof cynicism, the kind of despair, the kind
Dialogue: 0,0:55:32.24,0:55:38.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of iconoclasm that is urged upon them\Nby Mr. Baldwin in his recent works because
Dialogue: 0,0:55:38.27,0:55:44.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one thing I can tell you, I believe with \Nabsolute authority, that where the
Dialogue: 0,0:55:44.52,0:55:50.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,United States is concerned, if it ever\Nbecomes a confrontation between a
Dialogue: 0,0:55:50.65,0:55:58.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,continuation of our own sort of idealism,\Nthe private stock of which, granted like
Dialogue: 0,0:55:58.81,0:56:02.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most people in the world, we tend to \Nlavish only every now and then on
Dialogue: 0,0:56:02.28,0:56:06.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,public enterprises, reserving it so often\Nfor our own irritations and pleasures,
Dialogue: 0,0:56:06.69,0:56:13.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the fundamental friend of the negro\Npeople in the United States is the good
Dialogue: 0,0:56:13.76,0:56:20.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nature and is the generosity and is the\Ngood wishes, is the decency, the
Dialogue: 0,0:56:20.34,0:56:25.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fundamental decency that do lie at the \Nreserves of the spirit of the American
Dialogue: 0,0:56:25.77,0:56:31.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people. These must not be laughed at \Nand under no circumstances must they
Dialogue: 0,0:56:31.25,0:56:36.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be laughed at and under no circumstances\Nmust America be addressed and told that
Dialogue: 0,0:56:36.72,0:56:42.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the only alternative to the status \Nquo is to overthrow that civilization
Dialogue: 0,0:56:42.09,0:56:47.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which we consider to be the faith\Nof our fathers, the faith indeed of
Dialogue: 0,0:56:47.07,0:56:52.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your fathers. This is what must\Nanimate whatever meliorism must
Dialogue: 0,0:56:52.44,0:56:58.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,come because if it does finally come to \Na confrontation, a radical confrontation,
Dialogue: 0,0:56:58.32,0:57:02.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between giving up what we understand\Nto be the best features of the American
Dialogue: 0,0:57:02.99,0:57:06.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,way of life, which at that level is \Nindistinguishable so far as I can see
Dialogue: 0,0:57:06.98,0:57:11.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the European way of life, then\Nwe will fight the issue and we will
Dialogue: 0,0:57:11.32,0:57:15.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fight the issue not only in the Cambridge\NUnion, but we will fight it as you were
Dialogue: 0,0:57:15.56,0:57:19.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,once recently called to do on beaches\Nand on hills and on mountains and
Dialogue: 0,0:57:19.88,0:57:24.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on landing grounds and we will be \Nconvinced that just as you won the
Dialogue: 0,0:57:24.66,0:57:31.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,war against a particular threat to\Ncivilization, you were nevertheless
Dialogue: 0,0:57:31.13,0:57:36.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,waging a war in favor of and for \Nthe benefit of Germans, your own
Dialogue: 0,0:57:36.19,0:57:40.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enemies, just as we are convinced that if \Nit should ever come to that kind of a
Dialogue: 0,0:57:40.55,0:57:44.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,confrontation, our own determination \Nto win the struggle will be a
Dialogue: 0,0:57:44.89,0:57:49.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,determination to wage a war not only for \Nwhites but also for negros.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:49.31,0:57:53.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[long applause]
Dialogue: 0,0:58:20.89,0:58:25.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,President: Will the tellers take \Ntheir places please? They voted
Dialogue: 0,0:58:25.51,0:58:29.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in favor of the motion, the motion being\Nthat the American Dream is at the expense
Dialogue: 0,0:58:29.06,0:58:33.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the negro, they voted in favor\Nof that motion 544 persons
Dialogue: 0,0:58:33.01,0:58:36.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and against, 164 persons.\NThe motion is
Dialogue: 0,0:58:36.45,0:58:39.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,therefore carried by 380 votes,\NI declare the house
Dialogue: 0,0:58:39.55,0:58:43.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to stand adjourned. [applause]