[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.21,0:00:04.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Person #1] I don't think\Naddiction is a disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.40,0:00:06.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Person #2] I think addiction\Ncan be overcome.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.06,0:00:09.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Person #3] You have choices, \Nand you can choose to stop.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.95,0:00:11.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Person #4] It's not a disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.08,0:00:14.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Person #5] It is a disease, but it \Ndoesn't need medication to be treated.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.83,0:00:16.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Person #6] Of course it is a disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.34,0:00:21.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Person #7] I just experienced working\Nin a professional capacity with addicts--
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.13,0:00:22.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it's a disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.63,0:00:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bill Nye] Have you ever heard that\Npeople say addiction is a disease?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.00,0:00:27.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Person #7] I've heard\Na few people say it, but it isn't,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.28,0:00:28.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because you can stop whenever you want.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.70,0:00:30.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bill Nye] So, who's right?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.10,0:00:31.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is an addiction a disease?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.63,0:00:34.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or isomething you overcome\Nwith your force of will?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.97,0:00:37.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ [Singing the show's title: \N"The Eyes of Nye"] ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.33,0:00:41.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ [fast-paced digital music] ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.03,0:00:48.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.37,0:00:53.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ [singing continues] Nye... Nye... ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.93,0:00:56.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ The Eyes of Nye! ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.13,0:01:00.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Adam Carolla] Hey, everybody. It's Love Line.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.83,0:01:03.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm Adam Carolla. That is Dr. Drew.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.44,0:01:07.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Phone number: 1-800-LOVE-191.\NBill Nye, the Science Guy in here.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.72,0:01:08.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jamison? [button beeps]
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.73,0:01:10.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Jamison]Yes.\N>>[Adam] You're 16?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.30,0:01:11.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Jamison] Yes.\N>>[Adam] What's up?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.49,0:01:16.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Jamison] Lately I've been having\Nthese dreams of, like, me smoking pot,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.34,0:01:19.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I've been clean for 3 months now.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.32,0:01:22.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. Drew] Well, "using dreams" \Nare absolutely routine.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.41,0:01:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anyone who's been addicted to a \Ndrug and stops, will have "using dreams."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.00,0:01:30.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's your brain really craving the drug.\NThat's the feeling you have.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.08,0:01:31.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You want to be using. \NYou want it so badly.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.92,0:01:34.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It doesn't sound like you're in a program,\Nbecause if you were,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.87,0:01:37.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people would tell you that everyone has that.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.06,0:01:39.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Jamison] Well, I was in the program,\Nand I didn't really bring it up.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.99,0:01:42.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It just started recently...
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.18,0:01:44.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. Drew] \NOkay, well, tell your sponsor about it then.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.67,0:01:46.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Jamison] Um...I don't have a sponsor.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.20,0:01:48.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. Drew] Alright, like I said, \Nyou're not in the program.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.23,0:01:50.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Adam] We'll take ourselves \Na little break. We'll be back.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.53,0:01:52.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ [music starts] ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.10,0:01:55.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bill Nye] So, Drew, you do this \Nradio show, Love Line, every night?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.20,0:02:07.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It takes you just a few moments to analyze \Npeople's problems, and you seem to be dead on.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.82,0:02:11.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is it about addicts, what is it \Nabout addiction, that you pick up on?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.93,0:02:15.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. Drew] How do I know it's addiction?\NIt's just...I, I...it's almost like a smell.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.19,0:02:16.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bill Nye] You're on the radio!
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.58,0:02:19.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. Drew] I know! And I'll go to Adam:\N"I smell it. I just know it's here."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.45,0:02:26.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ [music like from old TV shows] ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.38,0:02:28.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.38,0:02:31.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[narrator of the video] Youth is \Na happy time and a carefree time.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.45,0:02:34.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A time of auto rides and double dates.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.93,0:02:38.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a time of fun, pranks, and jokes.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.07,0:02:43.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Youth is a time for finding\None's place in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.12,0:02:47.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, sometimes in these troubled days,\Nthe very thoughtlessness of youth
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.15,0:02:50.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ [music changes to ominous] ♪\Nhas led to a living nightmare:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.24,0:02:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,addiction to drugs, too often \Nacquired with tragic carelessness.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.00,0:03:00.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To these addicts, life's only work \Nis to find money for drugs.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.29,0:03:04.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In their desperation, \Nno means is too foul.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.13,0:03:10.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their only goal in life is to keep the deadening\Nchemicals forever in their heart's blood.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.53,0:03:12.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[sound of old film reel ending]
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.68,0:03:17.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. Drew] It is important for me to--\Nfor people, in this country in particular,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.14,0:03:18.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to understand this disease of addiction,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.64,0:03:20.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the perception is \Nso far from the reality.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.99,0:03:23.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It breaks my heart,\Nthe amount of suffering
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.47,0:03:26.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the amount of loss that \Ngoes on because of this disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.84,0:03:30.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bill Nye, narrating] When Dr. Drew's \Nnot working the phones on Love Line,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.04,0:03:34.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he's the director of chemical dependency\Nservices at Los Encinas Hospital,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.09,0:03:36.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where he works with hundreds of addicts.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.16,0:03:38.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. Drew, addressing an audience]\N...and I want to hear how, again,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.61,0:03:40.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was or was not relatable to your stories.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.66,0:03:44.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[audience member #1] I smoked pot \Nwith thousands of kids in my high school.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.18,0:03:46.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I ended up homeless and toothless on heroin.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.98,0:03:48.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[audience member #2] \NThrough this drug that I got introduced to--
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.73,0:03:52.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was like cocaine, and couldn't get \Nthe cocaine, and moved on to speed--
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.08,0:03:56.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I became this, like, superwoman and \NI was just, like, everything and anything.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.69,0:03:59.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[audience member #3] \NAnd every time I got pregnant,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.18,0:04:02.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like that [snaps her fingers],\NI stopped taking drugs,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.10,0:04:04.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I stopped doing alcohol, I stopped everything.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.35,0:04:08.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then after your child is a year or two old, \Njust naturally, you start using again.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.98,0:04:15.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[audience member #4] Since I accepted\Nthat idea that addiction was a disease,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.83,0:04:20.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's been relatively easier for \Nme to deal with my addiction.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.16,0:04:22.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bill Nye] Drew, in your opinion, \Naddiction is a disease, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.96,0:04:25.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. Drew] Addiction is a disease, \Nbut really to answer that question accurately,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.63,0:04:28.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you've got to be able to \Nunderstand what a disease is.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.06,0:04:31.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The definition of disease, for me, would \Nbe an abnormal physiological process
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.61,0:04:35.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,brought on by a relationship between the\Ngenetics of the individual and the environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.23,0:04:37.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That pathophysiology will create\Na set of signs and symptoms
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.94,0:04:41.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that progress in a predictable way, \Nwe call it a "natural history,"
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.06,0:04:43.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and by affecting the natural history,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.06,0:04:45.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can create a predictable \Nresponse to treatment.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.71,0:04:47.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bill Nye] Mm-hmm. \N>>[Dr. Drew] That's it. That's disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.46,0:04:48.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And addiction does fit that,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.60,0:04:51.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but people get hung up on\Nwhere the physiology goes wrong,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.08,0:04:52.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they don't understand \Nthat it's a brain disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.75,0:04:55.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bill Nye, narrating] \NNow, Dr. Drew went through that pretty fast.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.60,0:04:59.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's go over it again. So, what is a disease?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.06,0:05:01.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, it's an abnormal physiological process.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.37,0:05:05.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Something is going wrong inside you:\Na virus is replicating, a tumor is growing,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.68,0:05:08.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or your brain is being \Naltered by steady drug use.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.63,0:05:13.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, diseases are brought on by the \Ncombination of the environment and genetics.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.100,0:05:18.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, [for example] you've inhaled a flu virus and \Nyou've gotten infected, that's the environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.70,0:05:21.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're color-blind? Well, that's genetics.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.50,0:05:26.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Diseases all have signs and symptoms, \Nthey all have natural histories,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.92,0:05:29.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they all respond to \Ntreatments in predictable ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.64,0:05:32.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, to see why we often think \Nof addiction as a disease,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.39,0:05:35.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to take a look \Nat how our brains work.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.04,0:05:39.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like everything else inside you, \Nyour brain is made of cells, billions of them.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.91,0:05:41.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We call them neurons.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.89,0:05:46.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Messages are carried from neuron \Nto neuron with tiny chemical signals,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.73,0:05:50.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,across gaps we call synapses.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.28,0:05:53.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, at this chemical level,\Neverything we find pleasurable
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.83,0:05:56.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,amounts to nothing more \Nthan a microscopic flood
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.55,0:05:59.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the neurotransmitter called dopamine.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.85,0:06:02.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we call this the "reward pathway."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.48,0:06:05.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We like the pleasurable feeling, \Nso we do it again and again,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.11,0:06:06.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,do it again and again.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.15,0:06:09.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Things like eating, drinking,\Nand having sex are pleasurable
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.53,0:06:11.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they're required for our survival.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.23,0:06:15.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, it turns out, there's a connection \Nbetween drugs and dopamine.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.63,0:06:18.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[cavemen eating loudly]
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.02,0:06:21.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[caveman #1] Wow, these cocoa leaves \Nare really raising the level of dopamine
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.96,0:06:23.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the synapses in my brain!
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.70,0:06:24.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[caveman #2] Yeah, you know, it's like...
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.66,0:06:27.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's, uh, almost mimicking the \Nneurotransmitter's structure
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.63,0:06:31.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by tying up to binding sites the\Nmolecules that transport dopamine.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.83,0:06:36.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[caveman #1] I've heard that to get high,\Nthey have to occupy at least 47% of those sites.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.74,0:06:38.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[caveman #2] \NReally? You know, I heard it was 60 to 80%.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.90,0:06:43.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[caveman #1] Well, sure, 60 to 80% for \NMAXIMUM effect, but 47% at the minimum.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.90,0:06:45.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[caveman #2] Well, I don't want to get high;
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.31,0:06:47.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I just want to get through \Nthe cold temperatures at night.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.99,0:06:49.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[caveman #1] The cold doesn't bother me.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.99,0:06:54.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[caveman #2] Really?\NSo, um...why are you chewing on these?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.94,0:06:58.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[caveman #1] Because my dad\Nnever played catch with me.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.27,0:07:00.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think I'm gonna need a hug here.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.75,0:07:02.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[caveman #1] No, dude.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.21,0:07:07.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. Drew, to an audience] Down in here, \Ndown in the sort of reptilian part of your brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.75,0:07:11.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we share that with mice and rats \Nand other, certainly, lower mammals.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.53,0:07:17.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's why addiction is so easily studied \Nin rodents and lower mammalian life forms,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.33,0:07:19.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because this is a disease \Nof this part of the brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.87,0:07:23.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of an area called the mesolimbic reward system.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.42,0:07:26.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's a part of the brain \Nthat does not have language,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.80,0:07:28.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,does not have logic... [trails off]
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.13,0:07:29.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[to Bill Nye] It's basically what drives us--
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.43,0:07:30.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's the survival center of your brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.85,0:07:33.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Addiction is basically a hijacking \Nof the survival system.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.58,0:07:38.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bill Nye] To show the powerful effect\Nthat drugs can have on the survival system,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.50,0:07:41.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an experiment was done with laboratory mice.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.64,0:07:45.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, these were special mice, \Nthey were already alcoholic mice.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.24,0:07:50.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were given access to all the cocaine \Nthey wanted every time they pressed a lever.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.37,0:07:55.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the mice would maintain a precise \Nconcentration of cocaine in their bodies,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.07,0:07:58.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pressing a lever every 12 minutes exactly.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.82,0:08:03.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After 14 days, the mice died. Powerful stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.77,0:08:30.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. London] I'm a brain researcher.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.27,0:08:32.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here at the Brain Mapping Center at UCLA,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.82,0:08:37.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have this wonderful opportunity\Nto look inside a human brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.46,0:08:41.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bill Nye] So, doctor, let's say I were gonna \Nget a PET scan (positron emission tomography).
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.99,0:08:45.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, I got the sunglasses\Nbecause it's bright, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.38,0:08:47.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, then what happens?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.04,0:08:50.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. London] If you were going to get \Na PET scan, we would... [dialogue trails off]
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.23,0:08:51.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bill Nye, narrating] \NNow there are exciting breakthroughs
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.93,0:08:57.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using magnetic resonance imaging (MRIs)\Nand positron emission tomography (PET scans).
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.30,0:09:00.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can get to the next level \Nof addiction research.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.25,0:09:03.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can see exactly what drugs \Ndo to the human brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.18,0:09:05.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. London] Here, we're looking at
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.25,0:09:08.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the comparison of a group of \Nmethamphetamine abusers
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.52,0:09:11.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a group of non–drug-using volunteers.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.95,0:09:17.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The blue areas are areas where the \Nmethamphetamine abusers are not working.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.08,0:09:19.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you have a look at the pre-frontal lobe,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.75,0:09:24.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the central area that's so important\Nfor being able to make a decision
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.62,0:09:30.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that involves balancing reward against \Nknowing that there's a negative consequence.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.03,0:09:33.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see that that area is just turned off.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.28,0:09:36.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But these other areas that are \Npart of that executive center
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.82,0:09:42.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are important in the emotional \Nstate of craving are really hot.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.22,0:09:44.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bill Nye] You've lost your \Nability to make decisions;
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.70,0:09:48.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the same time, you've lit up \Nyour need, your craving.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.57,0:09:49.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let me ask you this:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.78,0:09:54.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is it possible that the methamphetamine abuser
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.50,0:09:59.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cannot decide NOT to take the\Ndrug that's related to addiction?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.14,0:10:02.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. London] \NIn fact, the very nature of addiction
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.03,0:10:05.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has to do with the inability \Nto make proper decisions.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.38,0:10:10.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bill Nye] This pattern where the \Ndecision-making part is sorta turned off--
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.23,0:10:14.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is this what happens to an addict?\N"I can't decide-- Like, this is gonna kill me,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.67,0:10:17.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is gonna kill me, but I gotta have it, \NI gotta have it, I gotta have it"
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.80,0:10:20.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there's no-- \NThey can't think about the future?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.25,0:10:21.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. London] Well, you know, for many years,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.57,0:10:25.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we were thinking that the\Nbest way to treat addiction
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.53,0:10:29.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was to come up with a blocker to block\Nthe high, but that didn't really work.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.15,0:10:33.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then the next wave of work \Nin coming up with treatment
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.68,0:10:37.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was to reduce craving, but in fact,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.71,0:10:43.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think the biggest problem in drug abuse is \Nthe decision making that you just talked about.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.32,0:10:47.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sure, craving occurs, but then \Nwhat is someone going to DO with it?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.26,0:10:49.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bill Nye] Because they're not thinking.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.36,0:10:52.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. London] The part of the brain\Nthat's really critical for decision making
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.33,0:10:56.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is just not functioning properly\Nin the methamphetamine abuser
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.95,0:10:59.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(and in drug abusers in general).
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.15,0:11:04.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the things that my colleagues\Nwho are treatment providers have told me
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.57,0:11:11.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that it's very useful to take pictures like\Nthis to show people that are in treatment
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.09,0:11:17.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it allows the person not to feel guilty\Nabout not being able to do the right thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.39,0:11:23.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It allows the person to see that there is \Nsome chemical problem that needs to recover
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.51,0:11:27.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before they get back to a state where \Nthey can make all the right decisions.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.68,0:11:30.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bill Nye] So, Doctor, you look \Nat these images all day, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.04,0:11:31.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You analyze these things.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.12,0:11:34.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you had one thing to tell the world\Nabout your research, what would it be?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.43,0:11:39.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. London] Addiction is a brain disease;\Nno matter how the addict got there,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.44,0:11:42.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at this point, he has a \Nproblem making decisions.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.49,0:11:46.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The whole executive center \Nof the brain is involved.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.22,0:11:50.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The central area that's really needed\Nfor him to be able to make a choice
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.76,0:11:53.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when he's got to balance between a quick fix,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.51,0:11:58.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,knowing that there's a negative consequence\Nis something that's not happening properly.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.91,0:12:02.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bill Nye] Addiction is a brain disease.\N>>[Dr. London] It is.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.30,0:12:04.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bill Nye] There it is, in black and white...
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.14,0:12:06.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. London] ...and color.\N>>[Bill Nye] ...and blue and orange.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.92,0:12:11.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how do drugs affect your brain?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.37,0:12:14.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Different drugs affect\Nthe brain in different ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.49,0:12:19.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[narrating] For example, cocaine molecules\Nresemble dopamine molecules,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.04,0:12:24.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so cocaine molecules end up binding to\Nthe receptors of the cells in such a way
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.84,0:12:29.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that prevents the cells from removing or\Npumping the dopamine out of the synapses.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.79,0:12:34.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so the brains end up with \Nmore dopamine and more pleasure.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.07,0:12:39.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It may be that the neurons in addicts' brains \Nreceive such high levels of dopamine
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.79,0:12:46.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the cells try to adapt by reducing the \Nnumber of sites to which dopamine can bind.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.38,0:12:51.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, then, between hits, or during withdrawal,\Nwhen the addict isn't taking the drug,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.21,0:12:55.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their brains end up having not \Nenough dopamine after all of that.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.76,0:12:59.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they start out taking cocaine \Nin order to feel high,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.54,0:13:02.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they end up taking it \Nin order not to feel low.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.84,0:13:05.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. Drew] Every addict has experience\Nwith being able to start and stop it
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.47,0:13:06.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,earlier in their disease;
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.64,0:13:09.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's what makes it so difficult for them\Nto accept that they can't, later on.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.74,0:13:14.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ [music like from old TV shows] ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.23,0:13:17.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Mr. Sanders] Children, what do you think\Ncauses addiction to drugs in humans?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.81,0:13:22.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Mary] The neurons in the brain adapt and \Nrespond to excessive stimulation from the drugs,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.34,0:13:25.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,causing molecular changes that lead to \Ncravings when the drug is not present.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.57,0:13:27.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Mr. Sanders] That is one possibility, Mary.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.84,0:13:29.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tommy, what do you think?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.12,0:13:32.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Tommy] I've read that addiction \Ncan also be traced to genetics,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.39,0:13:36.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which (when combined with trauma) can \Nlead the addict to seek relief from reality.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.40,0:13:37.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Mr. Sanders] Perhaps, Tommy.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.46,0:13:39.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I believe addiction occurs \Nwhen someone you love
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.69,0:13:43.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,suddenly decides you're too needy\Nand throws your clothes out on the lawn.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.26,0:13:45.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Tommy] Gee, Mr. Sanders, I sure \Nhope science finds a cure for that
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.53,0:13:46.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the time I'm older.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.74,0:13:48.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Mr. Sanders] I wouldn't count on it, Tommy.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.97,0:13:51.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[sound of old film reel ending]
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.84,0:13:55.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. Drew] You've got a family \Nhistory of addiction there,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.22,0:13:56.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you see a genetic predisposition,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.36,0:14:00.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's some sort of environmental trigger -- \Noftentimes, it's trauma -- set up...
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.72,0:14:01.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bill Nye] What's a trauma?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.53,0:14:04.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. Drew] Trauma would be-- usually a \Nchildhood trauma is what we're talking about
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.83,0:14:07.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's an experience of \Npowerlessness in childhood;
Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.10,0:14:10.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a feeling that they're threatened with \Nnot being able to survive, quite literally.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:10.73,0:14:13.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you're 15 and you feel out \Nof control and life sort of sucks,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.08,0:14:14.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can't figure out what's going on,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.23,0:14:17.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can't feel good about yourself \Nor what you're feeling.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.25,0:14:19.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You look for solutions and \Nsomebody hands you a joint
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.55,0:14:21.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and oh, things are okay now!
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.43,0:14:46.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bill Nye] We're gonna run \Na little test here, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.08,0:14:49.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're gonna have these people \Ndrink what they think is beer...
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.34,0:14:52.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there's no alcohol.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:52.62,0:14:53.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. George] Correct.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.85,0:14:57.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. Marlatt] Some people think \Nit's just a biological disease, period.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:57.04,0:15:00.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we're saying that's PART of it,\Nbut the psychological factors
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.100,0:15:06.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the social factors and the \Ncultural factors play also a big role.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.18,0:15:07.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bill Nye] So what do we expect to happen?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:07.95,0:15:11.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. Marlatt] Well, we're gonna see \Nif we get a sort of placebo effect
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.94,0:15:14.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the sense that people,\Nif they think they're drinking alcohol
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.75,0:15:18.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're in a bar setting \Nand they're with other people,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:18.05,0:15:21.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how much of the effects are due to alcohol
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.77,0:15:25.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how much are due to the setting \Nand the expectancy and they contact high?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:25.17,0:15:28.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bill Nye, narrating] Dr. George and I \Nare now observing behind a mirror
Dialogue: 0,0:15:28.19,0:15:30.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while Dr. Marlatt plays bartender.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:30.63,0:15:33.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Man] Here's to science.\N[Glasses clink together.]
Dialogue: 0,0:15:33.27,0:15:36.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. George] I'm looking for the usual types
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.47,0:15:38.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of changes that you see in \Npeople after they have a drink,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:38.48,0:15:42.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are feeling a little bit more relaxed,\Nbeing a little more sociable,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:42.09,0:15:45.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perhaps a little giggly, being a little looser.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:45.64,0:15:48.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Cheering, glasses clinking]
Dialogue: 0,0:15:50.42,0:15:52.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Man, unclear]
Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.20,0:16:04.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[overlapping chatter]
Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.38,0:16:06.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. George] Those are the \Ntypical types of things that happen
Dialogue: 0,0:16:06.95,0:16:09.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when folks normally drink alcohol,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:09.03,0:16:12.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so, as a consequence, \Nthose are their expectations.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.05,0:16:13.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that belief is so strong
Dialogue: 0,0:16:13.73,0:16:18.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that just believing that they've been \Ndrinking can stir up those effects.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:20.68,0:16:23.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. Marlatt] I'm gonna tell you something\Nnow about what you've been drinking.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:23.42,0:16:25.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Somebody asked about what brands.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:25.29,0:16:28.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These were the beers; they're alcohol-free.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:28.31,0:16:30.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[various reactions]
Dialogue: 0,0:16:30.34,0:16:33.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bill Nye] Ladies and gentlemen...
Dialogue: 0,0:16:33.93,0:16:37.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's really cool. You guys were carrying on
Dialogue: 0,0:16:37.25,0:16:39.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like you were just drinking, \Nyou know, a lot of beer.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:39.74,0:16:41.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not that I've ever done that.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:41.54,0:16:43.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Some participants laugh.]
Dialogue: 0,0:16:43.19,0:16:44.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bill Nye] So let me ask you this:
Dialogue: 0,0:16:44.44,0:16:47.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you think it would change \Nthe way you drink in the future?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:47.27,0:16:50.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Participant] We could still \Nhave fun without getting drunk?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:50.58,0:16:52.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bill Nye] That might be one conclusion.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:52.28,0:16:53.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[laughter from participants]
Dialogue: 0,0:16:53.86,0:16:55.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bill Nye] So I just noticed,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:55.23,0:16:57.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as soon as you guys found out,\Nnobody's drinking anything.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:57.59,0:16:59.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[laughter from participants]
Dialogue: 0,0:16:59.83,0:17:03.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Man] Ray! Big meeting in 15 minutes.\NC'mon! Put your game face on. Let's go!
Dialogue: 0,0:17:03.37,0:17:09.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Ray] Uh, okay, um...
Dialogue: 0,0:17:09.09,0:17:15.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ [jazzy elevator music] ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:17:15.64,0:17:22.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:17:23.52,0:17:24.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Man] Hey, Ray. What's up?
Dialogue: 0,0:17:24.91,0:17:29.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Ray] Oh, we got a big meeting in 15 minutes\Nand I thought I'd have a quick smoke.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:33.23,0:17:37.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[sighs] Oh, geez, I guess \NI left them on my desk.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:37.83,0:17:40.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Man] Oh. That was my last one.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:45.14,0:17:47.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. Drew, to an audience] \NSo let's talk about cocaine.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:47.26,0:17:49.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you're using cocaine, \Nyou get going with crack.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:49.77,0:17:52.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What does that look like when you start?\NAre you with friends? Are you by yourself?
Dialogue: 0,0:17:53.48,0:17:55.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Woman] In the beginning, you're with friends.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:55.26,0:17:56.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. Drew] You're with friends, \Nyou're hanging out,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:56.61,0:17:59.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[unclear] you're at a party, \Nyou start smoking crack...
Dialogue: 0,0:17:59.31,0:18:00.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ [sirens] ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:18:00.63,0:18:03.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first time you take a hit,\Nthe first hit of that [unclear].
Dialogue: 0,0:18:03.53,0:18:05.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How does that feel? \N>>[Man] Awesome.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:05.57,0:18:07.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. Drew] How about the second?\NHow about the second hit?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:07.56,0:18:08.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[distorted speech] How does that feel?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:08.98,0:18:10.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Man] Not quite as good.\N>>[Dr. Drew] Not quite as good.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:10.28,0:18:11.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How about the 100th hit?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:11.32,0:18:13.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Woman] You're just kinda like, \N"Why am I even doing this?'
Dialogue: 0,0:18:13.100,0:18:16.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[distorted speech] That's the insanity.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:16.47,0:18:20.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. Drew] Let's say now, we're about \N36 hours into this. Where are you?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:20.16,0:18:22.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Woman] Underneath the tables.\N>>[Another woman] In the closet.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:22.96,0:18:25.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. Drew] Under the table, closet...\N>[Woman] Locked in a motel room.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:25.45,0:18:26.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. Drew] Locked in a motel room;
Dialogue: 0,0:18:26.83,0:18:27.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,brightly lit with the curtains open?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:27.97,0:18:29.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[several] No.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:29.13,0:18:30.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. Drew] Who's with you?\N>>[several] Nobody.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:30.28,0:18:33.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. Drew] Nobody. You're by yourself.\NWho do you see outside?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:33.95,0:18:35.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[various responses] Everyone, police, the CIA.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:35.62,0:18:38.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. Drew] Police, CIA, who else? Who else?\NFBI. Uniformed officers.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:38.73,0:18:41.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You look out the window.\NWhere do you see them?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:41.60,0:18:43.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Someone] The trees.\N>>[Dr. Drew] The trees! The palm trees!
Dialogue: 0,0:18:43.93,0:18:45.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[several laugh]
Dialogue: 0,0:18:45.08,0:18:46.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. Drew] You're in a dark room\Nwith a single light bulb.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:46.62,0:18:50.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your fingers are burned, you're under the table,\Nyou're looking out at the LAPD in the palm trees.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:50.48,0:18:52.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why don't you stop smoking crack?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:52.38,0:18:56.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, you KNOW, not only are you \NNOT going to get what you got that first hit;
Dialogue: 0,0:18:56.17,0:18:59.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with each subsequent hit, you're gonna \Nfeel crappier and crappier and crappier.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:59.56,0:19:02.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you just stop, right? No, when do you stop?
Dialogue: 0,0:19:02.80,0:19:04.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Man] You can't.\N>>[Dr. Drew] You can't.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:04.15,0:19:05.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Someone] When you run out of money.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:05.35,0:19:07.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. Drew] When you can't get it anymore.\N[He chuckles.] That's when they stop.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:07.70,0:19:12.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They know hit #2, that they're heading down \Nthis path to just misery and can't stop.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:13.50,0:19:21.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Man] There's nothing that anyone can do, \Nsay, or-- No way can they really help you stop
Dialogue: 0,0:19:21.87,0:19:26.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until you decide inside for yourself: \N"I've had it."
Dialogue: 0,0:19:26.14,0:19:28.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Another man] One has to be sick \Nand tired of being sick and tired.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:28.72,0:19:33.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you get tired of just getting \Nran over by a truck everyday...
Dialogue: 0,0:19:33.76,0:19:38.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Woman] It doesn't matter the level of losses,\Nthe level of death, the level of financial --
Dialogue: 0,0:19:38.58,0:19:43.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How many times people have been to prison.\NWhen is it enough? You just have to be done.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:43.19,0:19:45.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. Drew] If all I had to do was \Nconvince addicts they needed to stop,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:45.86,0:19:47.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my job would be very easy.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:47.34,0:19:52.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem is, I get them on their knees,\Nbegging for some help with stopping.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:52.40,0:19:53.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Someone] Mm-hmm.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:53.33,0:19:55.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. Drew] Their lives are being destroyed.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:55.68,0:19:58.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They want to stop in the most sincere \Nway they know; they can't do it.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:36.03,0:20:37.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Addicts have a misconception
Dialogue: 0,0:20:37.39,0:20:40.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they can just get off the drugs,\Nget through the withdrawal, and that's it.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:40.19,0:20:42.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But no, the hardest part is staying off the drug,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:42.40,0:20:45.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some of that is the result of \Nthe chronic changes the brain is in.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:45.96,0:20:47.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the real significant changes --
Dialogue: 0,0:20:47.92,0:20:51.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the the feeling of loss, irritability,\Nmood lability -- goes about a year.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:51.57,0:20:53.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pinsky's Rule is one year.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:53.17,0:20:54.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bill Nye] Pinsky's Rule.\N>>[Dr. Drew] Pinsky's Rule.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:54.66,0:20:56.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It takes one year to get the brain\Nback to normal after addiction,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:56.80,0:20:58.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and by "normal," it's still never really normal
Dialogue: 0,0:20:58.84,0:20:59.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they always have drives
Dialogue: 0,0:20:59.92,0:21:02.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are activated by cues or \Nexposure to these chemicals.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:02.40,0:21:03.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bill Nye] Mm-hmm.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:03.17,0:21:07.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Woman] I have a drug counselor in an\Noutpatient program who always says to me,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:07.34,0:21:11.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Your addiction is sitting in that corner \Nover there doing one-armed pushups.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:11.07,0:21:13.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's just waiting, waiting, waiting, waiting."
Dialogue: 0,0:21:13.32,0:21:15.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Man off-screen] Yeah, that's what I'm saying.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:28.76,0:21:30.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bill Nye] It the costs of addiction are so high
Dialogue: 0,0:21:30.54,0:21:34.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the substances that get you \Naddicted are so common in nature,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:34.74,0:21:39.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then how can these genes \Nfor addiction have persisted?
Dialogue: 0,0:21:39.16,0:21:42.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why weren't these people \Nselected out by evolution?
Dialogue: 0,0:21:42.40,0:21:45.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nobody knows for sure \Nbut there must be a reason,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:45.55,0:21:48.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there are some pretty interesting theories.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:48.65,0:21:53.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[The addicts I know were rich, phenomenal, \Nintelligent, interesting human beings.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:53.05,0:21:54.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bill Nye. off screen ] Bright.\N>>[Dr. Drew] Bright! Brighter than average.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:54.65,0:21:59.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This cannot be all bad. There must be something\Nhere that has caused this gene to be perpetuated.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:59.71,0:22:04.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It should have burned out centuries ago\Nif it really were just all about a disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:04.05,0:22:08.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then i saw the movie "Braveheart,"\Nand I watched 10,000 guys go into battle.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:08.33,0:22:10.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Three guys survived, the three \Nremaining were alcoholics,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:10.88,0:22:12.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I thought, "Of course. Of course."
Dialogue: 0,0:22:12.58,0:22:14.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are so activated by thrill
Dialogue: 0,0:22:14.65,0:22:19.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that these incredibly overwhelming situations \Nfor a normal person, they're somehow--
Dialogue: 0,0:22:19.84,0:22:22.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Time slows down, they're focused, they're into it.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:22.06,0:22:28.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you look at populations of humans that have\N[withstood] repeated military genocidal assaults,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:28.52,0:22:31.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you find a refinement of the gene for alcohol.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:31.17,0:22:32.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bill Nye] Give me an example.]
Dialogue: 0,0:22:32.43,0:22:34.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. Drew] Scottish. Irish. \NNorth American Indian,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:34.30,0:22:35.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Central Europeans --
Dialogue: 0,0:22:35.79,0:22:39.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,populations that have just \Nwithstood incredible atrocities.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:39.28,0:22:41.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I started going back to my patient group.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:41.78,0:22:45.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I give lectures every week, and I say,\N"Guys, what would happen..."
Dialogue: 0,0:22:45.25,0:22:46.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(150 patients in the room)
Dialogue: 0,0:22:46.35,0:22:49.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What would happen if Attila the Hun\Nand a thousand hordes came over the hill.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:49.48,0:22:50.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What would you guys do?"
Dialogue: 0,0:22:50.58,0:22:53.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Almost to a person, they'd say, \N"I'd pick something up and I'd run at them."
Dialogue: 0,0:22:53.70,0:22:57.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm thinking, "Are you guys high right now?"\N[chuckling] "Are you using drugs today?"
Dialogue: 0,0:22:57.57,0:22:59.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bill Nye, off screen] \NYou wouldn't run away, you'd run toward them.``
Dialogue: 0,0:22:59.57,0:23:00.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Dr. Drew] They'd run towards the action.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:00.53,0:23:02.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said, "Well, how about if a bomb\Nblew up in the parking lot?"
Dialogue: 0,0:23:02.38,0:23:03.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[They'd say] "Oh, I'd go over \Nthere and check it out."
Dialogue: 0,0:23:03.93,0:23:05.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They go TOWARDS the action,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:05.65,0:23:10.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I guess, in military circumstances, \Nbeing able to go at the action
Dialogue: 0,0:23:10.04,0:23:13.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and keep your wits about you makes \Nyou survive, and that's evolution.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:15.96,0:23:18.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Bill Nye] When you first start using drugs,\Nthere's a time when you have a choice.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:20.38,0:23:24.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You really could quit if you wanted.\NIt's a window of opportunity.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:24.89,0:23:30.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But how long that window stays open depends on\Nthe person, the drug, and the circumstances;
Dialogue: 0,0:23:30.89,0:23:35.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because sooner or later, \Nthat window is gonna close.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:35.28,0:23:38.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when it does, you no longer have a choice.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:38.54,0:23:41.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, you have a disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:44.85,0:23:48.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[Announcer] We've covered a lot of ground,\Nbut it's just the tip of the iceberg.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:48.19,0:23:52.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Check out EyesOfNye.org for more cool science.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:57.98,0:24:01.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ [Fast-paced digital music \Nplays during ending credits.] ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:24:01.38,0:24:03.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:24:03.98,0:24:06.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>[singers] ♪The eyes of Nye! ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:24:06.18,0:24:28.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:24:28.67,0:24:39.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ Nye... Nye... Nye... ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:24:39.54,0:24:42.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ The Eyes of Nye ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:24:42.21,0:24:56.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:24:56.80,0:24:59.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[END]