[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(OFF) Thanks very much...
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(David Price) This is the \Never-shrinking presentation.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was originally 25 minutes,\Nlast night it was 23,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now it's 22.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've got a 40-minute presentation.\NI'm just going to speak twice as quickly.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No, I'm only kidding, it's only \N20, 22 minutes.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I've got a thing to time it \Nto make sure I don't go over.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,About four months ago, I was diagnosed\Nwith cancer of the colon.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what was it, seven weeks ago,\NI had the operation
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which kind of went okay, \Ngot rid of the tumor.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when the colon was reconnected,\Nit sprung a leak
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I got a thing called sepsis, \Nwhich I later discovered,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is fatal in 60% of the cases.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What essentially happens with sepsis is
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the organs start to pack in, \None after the other,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so my heart was fibrillating.\NI lost, kidneys stopped working,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lungs stopped working, \Nso they put me on a ventilator.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And my wife Claire \Nwho's here somewhere
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was told to bring the family around, \Nbecause they didn't expect me
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get through the weekend.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As you can see, I survived, and this is\Nactually the first talk I've given
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since I was in intensive care.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was in intensive care for a week.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, when a sick, no, no honest.\N(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when I say I'm delighted to be here,\NI'm not just being polite.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(laughter)
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm talking existentially \Nrather than conversationally.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I wanted to start with that story\Nbecause, in that process of the journey
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from diagnosis to operation,\NI met with some remarkable people:
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on forums and interest groups,\Nbut I also visited and interviewed people.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I interviewed some people \Nin the Netherlands
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are treating their loved ones,\Nwho've got end-stage cancer.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are lay people, computer technicians,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who, frankly, conventional medicine\Nhas given up, they're stage 4,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they said there is nothing more we can do,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they're administering \Nintrovenous cocktails of drugs,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of which are approved, \Nsome of which are off-patent,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of which are off-label.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I visited a clinic, here in Germany,\Nwhich I can't name, because
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're kind of operating in the shadows\Nin fear that they'll be closed down.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what it seemed to me,\Nonce I looked beyond health
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that this is a phenomenon \Nwhich is happening
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in all kinds of areas of public life,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we're seeing what I call \Npeople-powered innovation.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think it presents a real challenge \Nfor institutions and organizations.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, why is it important?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it's important because it's\Nkind of a natural consequence
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the issues I talked about \Nin my book "Open,"
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where, now that we're able to share\Nand exchange knowledge,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're now at a point where \Nwe want to do something about it,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we want now to be more in control\Nof our own lives.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I think it's particularly important\Nfor the people who are in this room today:
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,educators and human resource people
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because one of the things that we're \Nseeing is a major shift in the way
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which we accredit knowledge\Nand competencies.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know if any of you have read\NPhillip Brown's excellent book
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called "The Global Auction," but he talks \Nabout how our graduates are facing
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a high-skilled, low-income future
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of globalization \Nand a whole range of other issues.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And recently, Laszlo Bock who is in charge\Nof People Operations at Google said this,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Your degree is not a proxy \Nfor your ability to any job.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The world only cares about \Nand pays off on
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"what you can do with what you know
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and it doesn't care how you learned it."
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So my point, I guess, is that \Nunless we change the product,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we risk being dis-intermediated.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By that, I mean learners\Ncan find other ways
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get the knowledge and skills \Nthat they need.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And let's face it, the product hasn't \Nreally changed much in decades.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'd argue that the best way \Nto stay relevant
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to involve users \Nin the process of innovation.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is what I mean by \Npeople-powered innovation,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a process where users lead users, \Naccelerate innovation
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by either advocating \Nfor new products or services,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tinkering with existing products\Nand services,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or creating new products \Nand services from scratch.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's my kind of working definition,\Nbased partly
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on Eric von Hippel's definition \Nof people-powered innovation.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here's some examples.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The potato crisp, \Nthe humble potato chip
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was invented in 1853 by a chef \Ncalled George Crum
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who worked at a restaurant in Saratoga.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now he gets the credit for inventing it,\Nbut I think it should go
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the disgruntled diner \Nin that restaurant\N
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who kept sending the potatoes back, \Nsaid that they were too thickly sliced.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this kept going backwards and forwards
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and eventually George Crum got really\Npissed off about this
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and cooked them as thin as he could,\Nburned them to a crisp,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,smothered them in salt \Nand then sent them out.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the diner loved it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So he thought, oh, \Nwe're on to something here
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but he didn't take out a patent: in fact,\Nnone of these examples have been patented.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, 1853, we've always had \Npeople-powered innovation.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, you could argue that up until\Nthe Industrial Revolution,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's all we had, we had \Npeople-powered innovation.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you bring it a wee bit\Nmore up to date
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know if you know \Nthe story of the skateboard
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it was something that surfers, facing \Na wind a way they couldn't surf,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was the best kind of substitute.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they took a pair of roller-skates, \Nchopped them in two,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,put wheels on either end of a plank\Nof wood, and you had a skateboard.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the skateboard industry is now worth\N$4.8 billion a year.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And a similar story happened \Nwith the mountain bike.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was basically cannibalized from \Nother forms of bikes
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and developed entirely by users.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To bring it even more up to date,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know if you're aware \Nof this thing called Patreon?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's been set up by Jack Conte\Nwho is a musician.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Certainly, he wouldn't have thought \Nof himself as a kind of entrepreneur
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it kind of recreates \Nin the digital age
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the 18th century notion \Nof patronage for artists.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you pay up artists, \Nbecause you like their work.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it has been a hugely successful \Nventure for Jack.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then one of the few companies\Nthat have really latched onto
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people-powered innovation \Nat a very early stage
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is Proctor & Gamble, who have developed \Na thing called Connect and Develop
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that service now, \Nwhich brings in innovations
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from outside of the organization,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that constitutes about half \Nof all their innovations.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So much so that Proctor & Gamble say:\N"Proudly found elsewhere."
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's their motto.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I wonder how many of us working\Nin universities could say the same thing,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or how many of us who are \Nlearning officers in companies?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, where do we see \Npeople-powered innovation?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, you can go to any maker space \Nand you'll see it,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,visit forums or interest groups,\Neven groups like Anonymous,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whatever you may think \Nof their philosophy,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can't deny their ingenuity\Nand innovation.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I've looked at a number of examples
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I've identified \Nfour common characteristics.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to quickly go through them.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first is need.\NThe second is "Jugaad."
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Don't worry if it's not \Na familiar term to you.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Third is the hacker ethic \Nand the fourth is a sense of agency.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right. Very quick examples.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a cliché, but it's a cliché \Nfor a reason,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that invention is indeed the mother\Nof necessity.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you get people-powered innovation\Nwhere the need is greatest.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's no accident that some of the\Nmost innovative things that we now see
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now are happening in the developed world\Nin slums and favelas.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So 85% of mobile transactions \Nhave actually originated
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in developing countries.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And 50% of them were created by users.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you think about it, that's kind of\Npaved the way for things like
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Apple Pay and Samsung Wallet.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first use of mobile banking\Nwas actually in the Philippines,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what people did there was to take\Npay-as-you-go top-up vouchers,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,take the code from them, text them\Nto their friends and family
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in other parts of the Philippines, and\Nthey used it as a kind of currency.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they're not just turning air time \Ninto money,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're turning shit into money too.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[To you it may be SHIT, To us it is MONEY\N"Shit Business is Serious Business"]
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a genuine sign, \NI didn't make this up
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it says, if you can't read the bottom\Nit says,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Shit Business is Serious Business".
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there's a guy in Lagos in Nigeria
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Lagos has a big \Npublic health problem
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because people are using \Nthe streets as a toilet
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there is a graphic artist \Ncalled Isaac Agbetusin
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who invented a thing that he called\Nthe Dignified Mobile Toilet.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They look like the kind of Portaloos \Nthat you see on building sites
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but he's designed it, built it, \Ndelivers it to communities
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then they charge people \Nten cents to use them.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that's only part of the story, because\Nthen the waste is collected
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and turned into biogas which is sold\Nto energy companies.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's ingenious.\NHe's getting profit at both ends
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the transaction.\NSo that leads us
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the second characteristic.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's this word "jugaad".\NAnd if you're not familiar with it,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's a Hindi term which kind of means\Nit's making the most of what you've got.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I don't know if you can see\Nthe photograph on the right.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's an ox-powered two-story truck.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During the rainy season,\Nof course people get drenched
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so somebody found the cabin\Nfrom an old truck, put it on.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are people on the top deck\Nof the truck, people on the bottom,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're staying dry.\NMaking the most of what you've got.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's also this sense of "jugaad"\Nas meaning "good enough".
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What you see on the left\Nis the world's first clay refrigerator.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was created, again,\Nby just an ordinary user.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course it doesn't work\Nas well as a powered refrigerator
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you might have in the West.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's cooled by cold water\Nwhich cools the clay.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when you've got temperatures\Nof 45, 50 degrees in summer,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's good enough.\NIt keeps the produce cool enough
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be used, and it doesn't go off.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's some very quick examples\Nof jugaad as well.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Guy on the top left, \Nhe's frying his breakfast
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while he's listening to his MP3 player.\N(audience laughing)
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Guys on the top right have designated\Nthe compartment a sleeper compartment.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They took a blanket and put it up\Nas a hammock.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Guy at the bottom right.\NThis is fascinating.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's turned what we call in the U.K.\Na flip-flop, Australians call them thongs,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he's turned it into a gun holster.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know what he's doing\Nwith the other flip-flop.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the guy on the bottom left\Nhas invented a kind of hands-free kit.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(audience laughing)
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's just a handkerchief with \Na mobile phone.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I hope to God he's cut a couple\Nof holes out in the front.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what we're seeing is that\Nyour jugaad principles
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are now being adopted \Nby Western countries.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you think about it, \Na company like Google
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it talks about everything's \Nin better, fail fast and integrate
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's a kind of jugaad approach\Nto innovation.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when jugaad meets \Nthe next characteristic,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think things get really interesting.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when you combine a hacker ethic\Nwith jugaad,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think you then start or rub against\Nwhat I would call
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of the biggest blockers\Nto people-powered innovation,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's kind of over-strict\Nregulatory framework.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's put there on the premise\Nof protecting us and maintaining quality.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now I'm assuming you all know the story\Nof Wikipedia, so I'll give you
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the truncated version.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When it was first started,\Nit was called Newpedia
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they commissioned a bunch\Nof academics to write articles
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which were then going to be\Npeer-reviewed to maintain the quality.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And two years into its existence,\NNewpedia had to close
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cause it had a grand total of 25 articles,\Ncause people had spent all that time
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,arguing about whether \Nthe article was good enough.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it became Wikipedia,\Nand as you know, Jimmy Wales then said,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"To hell with this. \NI'll make it open source.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Anybody can write this.\NIt will be good enough.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"And people can hack it \Nand improve it."
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what's less commonly known\Nis that Wikipedia wasn't
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the kind of direct successor\Nof Newpedia.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It sort of forked, and alongside Wikipedia\Nwas a thing called Citizendium.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, could you just put your hand up\Nif you've ever used Wikipedia?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah, pretty much everybody.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can you put your hand up if\Nyou've used Citizendium?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, and that's because \Nthey insisted on peer review.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you go on the Citizendium website,\Nthey've got something like 160,000 articles
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which have been commissioned,\Nand 106 of them, I think it is,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have actually been released for citation.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I don't know what's happening\Nfor all the rest, but it seems to me
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's a lesson here \Nfor academic publishing
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I don't believe peer review,\Nunless it's open source,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,does anything other than obstruct\Nresearch and innovation and not advance it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here's an example from education,\Nfrom education
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is what I'd consider \Nto be jugaad in the hypothetic.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a college in London \Ncalled the School for Communication Arts.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's run by a maverick called Marc Lewis,\Nand it serves the advertising industry.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, it provides tertiary-level courses\Nbut they're not degrees
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because he can't get validated.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why can't he get validated?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because Marc invites people\Nto hack its own programs,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he does it via this.\NThere a thing called the Curriculum Wiki.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if you're in the advertising industry,\Nand you think that there's
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a particular skill that's being developed,\Nor there's some new processes and practices,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or if you're a student,\Nor indeed a member of the public,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can put up on the Curriculum Wiki\Nwhat you think should be taught,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Marc and his staff there\Nwill guarantee to turn that
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into a set of learning outcomes\Nwith a syllabus.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they'll have it up and running\Nwithin six weeks.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now of course, that means \Nthat it can't get validation,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because in the U.K.,\Nuniversities want to know
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what your program's going to be\Nin five years' time.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He doesn't know what they're going\Nto be doing in five weeks' time,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but he doesn't care because \Nall the students get jobs.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They've got 100% employability rate.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's a case of, I think,\Nthe kind of regulatory frameworks
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we've got coming up against\Ninnovation and people-powered innovation.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it seems to me that\Nthat sense of urgency is really important.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In most examples of formal learning, \Nit seems to me we've promoted
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a kind of learned dependence.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're the experts.\NYou're the learners.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you want to progress \Nto the next level,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then you're going to need us.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then along came the biggest, \Ndisruptive innovation
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since chewing gum in education, \Nand that's YouTube.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And everybody suddenly went, \N"Hmm, maybe we don't need you guys
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"as much as we thought we did."
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And YouTube begat MOOCs.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then the new mantra became\N"Any lecturer that can be replaced
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"by a YouTube video, will be."
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But whilst MOOCs and online learning allow\Nlearners to hack their education, sort of,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they don't yet build community\Nor a sense of learner agency.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I believe that building learner \Nagency will be the next big development
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in learning, because that's what we see\Nin social learning now.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And learners expect that\Nthat agency in formal learning
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is also going to be there.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, it's not hard to do.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We just need to adopt social learning\Nsix key motivations
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which I talk about in the book.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there's a whole other talk\Nto go through these
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I'll just quickly list them.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, a sense of do-it-yourself.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a great deal of autonomy\Nin social learning.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You all know that because\Nthat's how you communicate.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know I'm preaching to the converted here.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Second is immediacy.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's what Lillian Katz called \Na horizontal relevance about learning
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because you're getting the knowledge\Nthat you need now
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to solve the challenge\Nthat you've got
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than just in case\Nat some point in the future.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's an obvious sense \Nof collegiality, do it with friends.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's now the case that if you're\Non Twitter or Yammer,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you've probably got your closest\Ncollaborator on the other side
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the world, rather than\Non the other side of the office.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then, there's a sense of playfulness\Nabout all of this stuff.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then we get into the contentious ones.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do unto others.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I know that social media\Nhas got bullies, has got trolls,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there are bad people out there\Nwho do bad things,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that's the stuff that gets reported.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What doesn't get reported\Nare the million random acts of kindness
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which happen every day because of\Nthat sense of generosity
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is powering the learning.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And similarly, for the last one.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a high visibility about the \Nlearning which is happening
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the social space which isn't\Nbeing replicated, I would argue,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the formal learning space.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Companies and universities\Nget very nervous about the learning
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being open to the rest of the world.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I think these six qualities\Nof social learning are
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the means by which those communities\Ndevelop a sense of agency.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'd argue that we need to think\Nabout how many of these
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can bring in to our formal\Nlearning programs.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's really encouraging to see\Nthe presentations that are scheduled
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the next couple of days,\Nparticularly the ones which
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are about peer learning.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they're the four kind of \Ncommon characteristics
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,behind people-powered\Ninnovation.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm now, only got a couple of \Nminutes left, so let's just finish
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with perhaps three things\Nthat we could do
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to develop more people-powered\Ninnovation.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First is don't be afraid of the pro-am.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The poster boy these days\Nfor the pro-am is this kid.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just put your hand up \Nif you recognize this kid.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh, not many.\NHis name's Jack Andraka.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When he was fifteen,\Nhe came up with a biomarker
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for pancreatic cancer because\Nthe need was there.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A close member of his family died\Nof pancreatic cancer
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it wasn't spotted early enough.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Jack came up, did all his research\Non Google and Wikipedia.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He calls them a teenager's best friends.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then he reached a point where\Nhe needed lab space.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So he wrote to 200 universities \Nin America
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and 199 of them turned him down.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They couldn't see what a 15-year-old\Ncould possibly tell them
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about pancreatic cancer, I mean,\Nhe didn't even have a master's.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how would he possibly be able\Nto help them?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now fortunately, one did,\Nand that was Johns Hopkins.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's ready to go into production now,\Nthis biomarker.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But here again, he's come up,\Nhe's incredibly frustrated
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because he's come up against\Nregulatory framework
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is not allowing this thing\Nto be made available
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of the ridiculous clinical\Ntrial system that we've got.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's going to be five,\Npossibly ten years,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before this is now made available.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as Jack says, "How many \Nmore people are going to die
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"as a result of that?"
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's one,\Ndon't be afraid of the pro-am,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and obviously,\Nde-regulate where possible.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Welcome those education hackers.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then finally, I think we've just\Nnot got to be in denial about this.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since "Open" was published,\NI've worked with a lot of companies
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and universities, and I go in \Nand I tell them about the risks
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of being dis-intermediated.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I sense this kind of collective\Ndenial going on.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's understandable because\Nfor a long time,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,learners had nowhere else to go.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we've had a kind of monopoly\Nfor the past hundred years or more,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the time to open up education\Nis here and it's now,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we have to involve users\Nin redefining what we do.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I began by talking about \Nmy recent cancer treatment.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when I was first diagnosed, I had\Nmy first meeting with the oncologist.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as you can imagine, \NI had done a ton of research
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I'm a hypochondriac,\NI don't mind admitting it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The only consolation about \Nbeing a hypochondriac
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that eventually you're proven right.\N(audience laughs)
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I was talking to the oncologist, and I \Nsaid, "What are the alternatives to surgery?"
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What are going to be the side effects\Nof chemotherapy, if I have to have it?"
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he was getting more and more\Nfrustrated.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I asked about holistic treatments.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eventually, he kind of snapped\Nat me, and he said,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Look, just have the surgery.\NDon't overthink this."
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, when a doctor tells you\Nto not overthink it,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would strongly recommend you\Nfind another doctor,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because that's the kind of \NApple philosophy.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, we've done \Nall the research and the design.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You should just be grateful\Nthat we're letting you buy it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But one of these forums that I was on,\Nthe one I was telling you about
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are operating kind of \Non the boundaries,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,go on there regularly, and this oncologist\Njoined in on the conversation.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And people woke up smart, \Nand they said,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"But we never get professionals\Ncoming on this forum."
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the oncologist said, "Well,\Nit's really important
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"that this dialogue takes place."
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I remember what he said.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said, "Those who seek answers\Nneed to be part of this solution."
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I hope you'll think how you\Ncan bring more people-powered innovation
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into your own learning programs, and\Nenable people to be part of the solution.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks very much for listening.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(applause)
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- David, thank you very much, indeed.\NYou're great, at 23 minutes,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so thank you very much indeed\Nfor making that happen.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And some of these questions\Nactually will be applicable
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for Cory and for Ian as well, so you\Nmay want to pick them up
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in your remarks too.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But let me just reflect some of \Nthe comments that we've been getting,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there you can see the address.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can take many more if you want.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This one from Alejandro Molini.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The shift to a new age of opportunity,\Nwhat exactly is this shift towards?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Well, I think that's a bigger question.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a question that I asked myself when\NI looked at the overall theme for today.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But certainly as far as the thing that I\Nwas talking about, for me
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is the shift toward knowledge\Nis becoming more open.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a curious kind of battle which is\Nconstantly taking place
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cause I think Cory will be talking\Nto some extent about institutions
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how they're making it difficult\Nfor that knowledge to be shared.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I think what we've seen over\Nthe past ten years, is a desire
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for people to have more control\Nover their lives,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the implication behind all that,\Nwhich is why I think dis-intermediation\N
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is such a powerful implication.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you're part of the music industry,\Nyou never thought that you'd be done out.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you were a travel agent, you never\Nreally thought that people
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would want to organize their\Nown holidays.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you're a taxi driver, you probably\Ndidn't see Uber coming.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that to me is part of that shift.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- What about this comment from\NMaria Ebro?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A very interesting talk, but how do\Nyou ensure confidentiality?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do you balance control\Nversus innovation?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Yep, there is no easy answer to that.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when I talk about regulatory \Nframeworks, of course you wouldn't want
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get on a plane and wonder if \Nthe pilot was actually somebody
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who previously was sitting \Nin the back row.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are some needs for that \Nregulatory framework,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I think we've gone too far.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And 23:47