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(OFF) Thanks very much...

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(David Price) This is the 
........ - shrinking (check) presentation.

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It was originally 25 minutes,
last night it was 23,

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now it's 22.

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I've got a 45-minute presentation,
I'm just going to speak twice as quickly.

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No, I'm only kidding, it's only 
20 -- 22 minutes.

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And I've got to think of the time 
to make sure I don't go over.

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About four moths ago, I was diagnosed
with cancer of the colon.

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And what was it? Seven weeks ago,
I had the operation

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which kind of went OK, 
got rid of the tumor,

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But when the colon got reconnected,
it sprung a leak

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and I got a thing called sepsis, 
which I later discovered,

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is fatal in 60% of the cases.

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What essentially happens with sepsis is

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the organs start to pack in, 
one after the other, so

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my heart was fibrillating, I lost --
kidneys stopped working,

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lungs stopped working, so they
pumped me on a ventilator.

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And my wife Claire (check)
who is here somewhere

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was told to bring the family around, 
because they didn't expect me

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to get through the week-end.

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As you can see, I survived, and this is
actually the first talk I've given

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since I was in intensive care.

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I was in intensive care for a week.

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So, when a sick -- no, no honest
(Applause)

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But when I say I'm delighted to be here,
I'm not just being polite.

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(laughter)

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I'm talking existentially 
rather than conversationally.

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But I wanted to start with that story
because, in that process of the journey

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from diagnosis to operation,
I met with some remarkable people:

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on forums and ingress (check) groups,
but I also visited and interviewed people.

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So I interviewed some people 
in the Netherlands

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who are treating their loved ones,
who've got end-stage cancer.

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They are lay people, computer technicians

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who, frankly, conventional medicine
has given up, they're stage 4,

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they said there is nothing more we can do,

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so they're administering 
endovenous cocktails of drugs.

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some of which are approved, 
some of which are off-patent,

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some of which are off-label (check).

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I visited a clinic, here in Germany,
which I can't name, because

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they kind of operate in the shadows
in fear that they'll be closed down.

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And what it seemed to me,
once I looked beyond health

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is that this is a phenomenon 
which is happening

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in all kinds of areas of public life.

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That we're seeing what I call 
people-powered innovation.

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And I think it's a real challenge for
institutions and organizations.

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So, why is it important?

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I think it's important because it's
kind of a natural consequence

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of the issues I talk about 
in my book "Open".

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where, now that we're able to share
and exchange knowledge,

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we're now at a point where 
we want to do something about it,

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we want now to be more in control
of our own lives.

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But I think it's particularly important
for the people who are in this room today:

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educators and human resource people. 3:05

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Because one of the things I was seeing
is a major shift in the way

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in which we accredit knowledge
and competencies.

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I don't know if any of you have read
Phillip Brown's excellent book

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called "Tne Global Auction", but he talks 
about how our graduates are facing

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a high-skilled low-income future,

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because of globalization 
and a whole range of other issues.

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And recently, Laszlo Bock who is in charge
of People Operations at Google said this

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"Your degree is not a proxy for your 
ability to any job.

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"The world only case about 
-- and pays off on --

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"what you can do with what you know

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"(and it doesn't care how you learned it)"

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So my point, I guess, is that 
unless we change the product,

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we risk being disintermediated.

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By that, I mean, learners 
can find other ways

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to get the knowledge and skills 
that they need.

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And let's face it, the product hasn't 
really changed much in decades.

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So I'd -- obvious that the best way 
to stay relevant

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is to involve users 
in the process of innovation.

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So this is what I mean by 
people-powered innovation,

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users lead users, accelerate innovation

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by either advocating for new products or 
services,

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tinkering with existing products and 
services,

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or creating new products and services
from scratch.

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That's my kind of working definition,

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based partly on Eric von Hippel's 
definition of people-powered innovation.

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So here's some examples.

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The potato crisp, the home-baked (check) 
potato crisp

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was invented in 1853 by a chef 
called George Crum. 4:44