[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.80,0:00:17.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every second,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.52,0:00:20.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one million tons of matter\Nis blasted from the Sun
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.72,0:00:24.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the velocity\Nof one million miles per hour,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.16,0:00:27.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's on a collision course with Earth!
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.00,0:00:29.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But don't worry,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.52,0:00:32.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this isn't the opening\Nof a new Michael Bay movie.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.96,0:00:36.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is The Journey of the Polar Lights.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.31,0:00:40.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The northern and southern lights,\Nalso known as the aurora Borealis
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.48,0:00:42.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and aurora Australis, respectively,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.48,0:00:44.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,occur when high energy\Nparticles from the Sun
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.64,0:00:47.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,collide with neutral atoms\Nin our atmosphere.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.12,0:00:50.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The energy emitted from this crash\Nproduces a spectacle of light
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.20,0:00:53.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that mankind has marveled at\Nfor centuries.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.08,0:00:55.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the particles' journey\Nisn't just as simple
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.32,0:00:57.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as leaving the Sun and arriving at Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.32,0:00:59.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like any cross-country road trip,\Nthere's a big detour
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.92,0:01:02.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and nobody asks for directions.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.12,0:01:03.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's track this intergalactic voyage
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.96,0:01:06.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by focusing on three\Nmain points of their journey:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.36,0:01:09.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leaving the Sun, making a pit stop\Nin the Earth's magnetic fields,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.68,0:01:11.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and arriving at the atmosphere\Nabove our heads.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.44,0:01:15.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The protons and electrons\Ncreating the northern lights
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.00,0:01:17.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,depart from the Sun's corona.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.60,0:01:20.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The corona is the outermost layer\Nof the Sun's atmosphere
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.32,0:01:21.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and is one of the hottest regions.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.00,0:01:26.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Its intense heat causes the Sun's hydrogen\Nand helium atoms to vibrate
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.04,0:01:27.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and shake off protons and electrons
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.96,0:01:30.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as if they were stripping off\Nlayers on a hot, sunny day.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.24,0:01:33.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Impatient and finally behind the wheel,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.68,0:01:36.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these free protons\Nand electrons move too fast
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.44,0:01:38.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be contained by the Sun's gravity
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.40,0:01:41.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and group together as plasma,\Nan electrically charged gas.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.32,0:01:45.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They travel away from the Sun\Nas a constant gale of plasma,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.28,0:01:46.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,known as the solar wind.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.08,0:02:00.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, the Earth prevents the solar wind\Nfrom traveling straight into the planet
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.04,0:02:02.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by setting up a detour, the magnetosphere.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.16,0:02:05.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The magnetosphere is formed\Nby the Earth's magnetic currents
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.04,0:02:07.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and shields our planet\Nfrom the solar winds
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.08,0:02:09.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by sending out the particles\Naround the Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.28,0:02:12.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their opportunity to continue the journey\Ndown to the atmosphere
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.32,0:02:15.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,comes when the magnetosphere is\Noverwhelmed by a new wave of travelers.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.76,0:02:17.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This event is coronal mass ejection,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.52,0:02:19.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it occurs when the Sun shoots out
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.36,0:02:21.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a massive ball of plasma\Ninto the solar wind.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.44,0:02:25.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When one of these coronal mass ejections\Ncollides with Earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.36,0:02:28.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it overpowers the magnetosphere\Nand creates a magnetic storm.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.88,0:02:32.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The heavy storm stresses the magnetosphere\Nuntil it suddenly snaps back,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.52,0:02:34.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like and overstretched elastic band,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.72,0:02:37.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,flinging some of the detoured\Nparticles towards Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.80,0:02:41.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The retracting band of the magnetic field\Ndrags them down to the aurora ovals,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.72,0:02:44.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are the locations\Nof the northern and southern lights.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.84,0:02:48.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After traveling 93 million miles\Nacross the galaxy,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.84,0:02:51.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Sun's particles finally produce\Ntheir dazzling light show
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.76,0:02:53.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the help of some friends.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.24,0:02:55.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,20 to 200 miles above the surface,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.40,0:02:59.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the electrons and protons meet up\Nwith oxygen and nitrogen atoms,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.08,0:03:01.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they sure are happy to see each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.56,0:03:04.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Sun's particles high five the atoms,\Ngiving their energy
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.44,0:03:07.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the Earth's neutral\Noxygen and nitrogen atoms.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.32,0:03:10.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When the atoms in the atmosphere\Nare contacted by the particles,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.36,0:03:12.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they get excited and emit photons.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.56,0:03:15.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Photons are small bursts of energy\Nin the form of light.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.88,0:03:17.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The colors that appear in the sky
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.52,0:03:19.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,depend on the wavelength\Nof the atom's photon.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.69,0:03:22.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Excited oxygen atoms are responsible\Nfor the green and red colors,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.00,0:03:26.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whereas excited nitrogen atoms\Nproduce blue and deep red hues.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.28,0:03:29.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The collection of these interactions
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.04,0:03:31.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is what creates the northern\Nand southern lights.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.36,0:03:37.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The polar lights\Nare best seen on clear nights
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.60,0:03:40.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in regions close to magnetic\Nnorth and south poles.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.36,0:03:41.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nighttime is ideal
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.60,0:03:43.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the Aurora\Nis much dimmer than sunlight
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.84,0:03:45.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and cannot be seen in daytime.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.40,0:03:50.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember to look up at the sky\Nand read up on the Sun's energy patterns,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.04,0:03:52.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,specifically sunspots and solar flares,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.12,0:03:54.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as these will be good guides\Nfor predicting the auroras.