[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.80,0:00:17.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every second,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.41,0:00:20.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one million tons of matter\Nis blasted from the Sun
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.52,0:00:24.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the velocity\Nof one million miles per hour,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.17,0:00:26.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's on a collision course
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.12,0:00:27.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with Earth!
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.99,0:00:29.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But don't worry,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.54,0:00:32.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this isn't the opening\Nof a new Michael Bay movie.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.96,0:00:37.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is The Journey of the Polar Lights.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.25,0:00:38.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Northern and Southern Lights,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.84,0:00:40.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also known as the Aurora Borealis
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.48,0:00:42.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Aurora Australis, respectively,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.49,0:00:44.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,occur when high energy\Nparticles from the Sun
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.66,0:00:46.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,collide with neutral\Natoms in our atmosphere.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.86,0:00:48.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The energy emitted from this crash
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.50,0:00:50.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,produces a spectacle of light
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.08,0:00:52.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that mankind has marveled\Nat for centuries.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.87,0:00:54.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the particles journey\Nisn't just as simple
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.66,0:00:56.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as leaving the Sun and arriving at Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.85,0:00:58.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like any cross-country road trip,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.44,0:00:59.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's a big detour
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.45,0:01:02.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and nobody asks for directions.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.12,0:01:03.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's track this intergalactic voyage
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.46,0:01:06.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by focusing on three main\Npoints of their journey:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.24,0:01:07.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leaving the sun,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.32,0:01:09.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,making a pit stop\Nin the Earth's magnetic fields,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.68,0:01:12.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and arriving at the atmosphere\Nabove our heads.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.35,0:01:15.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The protons and electrons\Ncreating the Northern Lights
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.95,0:01:17.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,depart from the Sun's corona.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.43,0:01:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The corona is the outermost layer
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.02,0:01:19.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Sun's atmosphere
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.99,0:01:21.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and is one of the hottest regions.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.96,0:01:24.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Its intense heat causes the Sun's hydrogen
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.25,0:01:25.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and helium atoms to vibrate
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.89,0:01:27.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and shake off protons and electrons
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.95,0:01:31.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as if they were stripping\Noff layers on a hot, sunny day.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.09,0:01:33.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Impatient and finally behind the wheel,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.53,0:01:36.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these free protons\Nand electrons move too fast
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.15,0:01:38.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be contained by the sun's gravity
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.08,0:01:40.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and group together as plasma,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.23,0:01:42.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an electrically charged gas.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.42,0:01:43.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They travel away from the sun
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.45,0:01:44.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a constant gale of plasma,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.97,0:01:47.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,known as the solar wind.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.79,0:01:58.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, the Earth prevents the solar wind
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.06,0:01:59.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from travelling straight into the planet
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.39,0:02:00.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by setting up a detour,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.80,0:02:02.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the magnetosphere.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.05,0:02:03.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The magnetosphere is formed
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.27,0:02:04.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the Earth's magnetic currents
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.48,0:02:06.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and shields our planet\Nfrom the solar winds
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.27,0:02:08.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by sending out the particles\Naround the Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.40,0:02:10.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their opportunity to continue the journey
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.33,0:02:11.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,down to the atmosphere
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.28,0:02:13.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,comes when the magnetosphere\Nis overwhelmed
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.35,0:02:14.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by a new wave of travellers.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.83,0:02:17.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This event is coronal mass ejection,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.11,0:02:18.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it occurs when the Sun shoots out
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.90,0:02:21.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a massive ball of plasma\Ninto the solar wind.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.34,0:02:23.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When one of these coronal mass ejections
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.93,0:02:25.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,collides with Earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.11,0:02:26.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it overpowers the magnetosphere
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.61,0:02:28.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and creates a magnetic storm.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.50,0:02:30.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The heavy storm stresses the magnetosphere
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.54,0:02:31.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until it suddenly snaps back,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.97,0:02:34.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like and overstretched elastic band,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.42,0:02:37.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,flinging some of the detoured\Nparticles towards Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.81,0:02:39.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The retracting band of the magnetic field
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.79,0:02:41.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,drags them down to the aurora ovals,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.58,0:02:42.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are the locations
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.48,0:02:44.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Northern and Southern Lights.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.71,0:02:48.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After travelling 93 million miles\Nacross the galaxy,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.64,0:02:50.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Sun's particles finally produce
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.13,0:02:52.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their dazzling light show\Nwith the help of some friends.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.97,0:02:55.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Twenty to two hundred miles\Nabove the surface,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.20,0:02:56.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the electrons and protons meet up
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.85,0:02:58.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with oxygen and nitrogen atoms,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.87,0:03:01.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they sure are happy to see each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.28,0:03:03.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Sun's particles high five the atoms,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.59,0:03:04.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,giving their energy
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.28,0:03:07.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the Earth's neutral\Noxygen and nitrogen atoms.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.09,0:03:08.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When the atoms in the atmosphere
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.64,0:03:10.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are contacted by the particles,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.14,0:03:12.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they get excited and emit photons.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.24,0:03:14.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Photons are small bursts of energy
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.16,0:03:15.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the form of light.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.49,0:03:17.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The colors that appear in the sky
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.08,0:03:19.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,depend on the wavelength\Nof the atom's photon.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.73,0:03:21.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Excited oxygen atoms are responsible
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.98,0:03:22.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the green and red colors,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.81,0:03:24.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where as excited nitrogen atoms produce
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.69,0:03:26.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,blue and deep red hues.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.90,0:03:28.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The collection of these interactions
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.64,0:03:30.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is what creates the Northern\Nand Southern Lights.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.38,0:03:37.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The polar lights are best\Nseen on clear nights
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.60,0:03:40.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in regions close to magnetic\Nnorth and south poles.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.25,0:03:41.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nighttime is ideal
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.36,0:03:43.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the Aurora is much\Ndimmer than sunlight
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.62,0:03:46.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and cannot be seen in daytime.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.19,0:03:47.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember to look up to the sky
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.92,0:03:49.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and read up on the Sun's energy patterns,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.92,0:03:52.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,specifically sunspots and solar flares,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.55,0:03:53.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as these will be good guides
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.10,0:03:55.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for predicting the auroras.