[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.00,0:00:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every second,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.00,0:00:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one million tons of matter is blasted from the Sun
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.00,0:00:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the velocity of one million miles per hour,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.00,0:00:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's on a collision course
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.00,0:00:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with Earth!
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.00,0:00:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But don't worry,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.00,0:00:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this isn't the opening of a new Michael Bay movie.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.00,0:00:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is The Journey of the Polar Lights.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.00,0:00:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Northern and Southern Lights,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.00,0:00:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also known as the Aurora Borealis
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.00,0:00:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Aurora Australis, respectively,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.00,0:00:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,occur when high energy particles from the Sun
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.00,0:00:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,collide with neutral atoms in our atmosphere.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.00,0:00:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The energy emitted from this crash
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.00,0:00:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,produces a spectacle of light
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.00,0:00:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that mankind has marveled at for centuries.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.00,0:00:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the particles journey isn't just as simple
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.00,0:00:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as leaving the Sun and arriving at Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.00,0:00:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like any cross-country road trip,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.00,0:00:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's a big detour
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.00,0:01:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and nobody asks for directions.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.00,0:01:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's track this intergalactic voyage
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.00,0:01:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by focusing on three main points of their journey:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.00,0:01:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leaving the sun,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.00,0:01:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,making a pit stop in the Earth's magnetic fields,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.00,0:01:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and arriving at the atmosphere above our heads.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.00,0:01:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The protons and electrons creating the Northern Lights
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.00,0:01:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,depart from the Sun's corona.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.00,0:01:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The corona is the outermost layer
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.00,0:01:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Sun's atmosphere
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.00,0:01:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and is one of the hottest regions.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.00,0:01:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Its intense heat causes the Sun's hydrogen
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.00,0:01:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and helium atoms to vibrate
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.00,0:01:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and shake off protons and electrons
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.00,0:01:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as if they were stripping off layers on a hot, sunny day.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.00,0:01:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Impatient and finally behind the wheel,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.00,0:01:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these free protons and electrons move too fast
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.00,0:01:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be contained by the sun's gravity
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.00,0:01:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and group together as plasma,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.00,0:01:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an electrically charged gas.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.00,0:01:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They travel away from the sun
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.00,0:01:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a constant gale of plasma,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.00,0:01:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,known as the solar wind.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.00,0:01:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, the Earth prevents the solar wind
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.00,0:01:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from travelling straight into the planet
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.00,0:02:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by setting up a detour,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.00,0:02:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the magnetosphere.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.00,0:02:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The magnetosphere is formed
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.00,0:02:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the Earth's magnetic currents
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.00,0:02:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and shields our planet from the solar winds
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.00,0:02:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by sending out the particles around the Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.00,0:02:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their opportunity to continue the journey
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.00,0:02:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,down to the atmosphere
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.00,0:02:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,comes when the magnetosphere is overwhelmed
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.00,0:02:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by a new wave of travellers.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.00,0:02:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This event is coronal mass ejection,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.00,0:02:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it occurs when the Sun shoots out
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.00,0:02:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a massive ball of plasma into the solar wind.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.00,0:02:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When one of these coronal mass ejections
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.00,0:02:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,collides with Earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.00,0:02:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it overpowers the magnetosphere
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.00,0:02:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and creates a magnetic storm.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.00,0:02:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The heavy storm stresses the magnetosphere
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.00,0:02:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until it suddenly snaps back,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.00,0:02:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like and overstretched elastic band,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.00,0:02:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,flinging some of the detoured particles towards Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.00,0:02:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The retracting band of the magnetic field
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.00,0:02:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,drags them down to the aurora ovals,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.00,0:02:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are the locations
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.00,0:02:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Northern and Southern Lights.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.00,0:02:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After travelling 93 million miles across the galaxy,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.00,0:02:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Sun's particles finally produce
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.00,0:02:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their dazzling light show with the help of some friends.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.00,0:02:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Twenty to two hundred miles above the surface,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.00,0:02:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the electrons and protons meet up
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.00,0:02:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with oxygen and nitrogen atoms,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.00,0:03:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they sure are happy to see each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.00,0:03:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Sun's particles high five the atoms,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.00,0:03:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,giving their energy
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.00,0:03:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the Earth's neutral oxygen and nitrogen atoms.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.00,0:03:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When the atoms in the atmosphere
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.00,0:03:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are contacted by the particles,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.00,0:03:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they get excited and emit photons.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.00,0:03:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Photons are small bursts of energy
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.00,0:03:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the form of light.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.00,0:03:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The colors that appear in the sky
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.00,0:03:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,depend on the wavelength of the atom's photon.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.00,0:03:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Excited oxygen atoms are responsible
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.00,0:03:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the green and red colors,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.00,0:03:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where as excited nitrogen atoms produce
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.00,0:03:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,blue and deep red hues.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.00,0:03:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The collection of these interactions
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.00,0:03:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is what creates the Northern and Southern Lights.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.00,0:03:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The polar lights are best seen on clear nights
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.00,0:03:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in regions close to magnetic north and south poles.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.00,0:03:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nighttime is ideal
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.00,0:03:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the Aurora is much dimmer than sunlight
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.00,0:03:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and cannot be seen in daytime.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.00,0:03:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember to look up to the sky
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.00,0:03:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and read up on the Sun's energy patterns,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.00,0:03:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,specifically sunspots and solar flares,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.00,0:03:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as these will be good guides
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.00,0:03:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for predicting the auroras.