[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.96,0:00:03.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This story begins in 1985,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.96,0:00:05.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when at age 22,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.96,0:00:08.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I became the world chess champion
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.36,0:00:11.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after beating Anatoly Karpov.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.48,0:00:13.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Earlier that year,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.76,0:00:17.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I played what is called\Nsimultaneous exhibition
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.40,0:00:21.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against 32 of the world's\Nbest chess-playing machines
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.72,0:00:23.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Hamburg, Germany.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.16,0:00:25.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I won all the games,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.56,0:00:29.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then it was not considered\Nmuch of a surprise
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.76,0:00:33.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I could beat 32 computers\Nat the same time.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.48,0:00:37.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To me, that was the golden age.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.08,0:00:39.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.20,0:00:40.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Machines were weak
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.68,0:00:43.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and my hair was strong.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.04,0:00:45.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.72,0:00:48.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just 12 years later,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.80,0:00:53.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was fighting for my life\Nagainst just one computer
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.44,0:00:54.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a match
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.36,0:00:57.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called by the cover of "Newsweek"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.44,0:00:59.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The Brain's Last Stand."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.24,0:01:00.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No pressure.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.48,0:01:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.04,0:01:05.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From mythology to science fiction,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.64,0:01:08.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,human versus machine
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.40,0:01:11.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been often portrayed\Nas a matter of life and death.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.96,0:01:13.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,John Henry,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.56,0:01:15.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called the steel-driving man
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.28,0:01:19.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the 19th century\NAfrican American folk legend
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.08,0:01:20.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was pitted in a race
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.48,0:01:23.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against a steam-powered hammer
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.24,0:01:25.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bashing a tunnel through mountain rock.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.80,0:01:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,John Henry's legend\Nis a part of a long historical narrative
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.68,0:01:34.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pitting humanity versus technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.20,0:01:39.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this competitive rhetoric\Nis standard now.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.56,0:01:41.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are in a race against the machines,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.36,0:01:44.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a fight or even in a war.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.88,0:01:47.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jobs are being killed off.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.52,0:01:51.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People are being replaced\Nas if they had vanished from the Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.24,0:01:55.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's enough to think that the movies\Nlike "The Terminator" or "The Matrix"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.76,0:01:56.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are nonfiction.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.64,0:02:03.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are very few instances of an arena
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.36,0:02:09.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the human body and mind\Ncan compete on equal terms
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.64,0:02:11.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a computer or a robot.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.28,0:02:14.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually, I wish there were a few more.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.76,0:02:16.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.84,0:02:22.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was my blessing and my curse
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.52,0:02:25.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to literally become the proverbial man
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.24,0:02:28.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the man versus machine competition
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.36,0:02:30.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that everybody is still talking about.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.12,0:02:38.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In a most famous human-machine\Ncompetition since John Henry,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.16,0:02:40.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I played two matches
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.76,0:02:44.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against the IBM supercomputer Deep Blue.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.04,0:02:49.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nobody remembers\Nthat I won the first match --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.24,0:02:51.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.60,0:02:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.92,0:03:00.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Philadelphia, before losing the rematch\Nthe following year in New York.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.92,0:03:02.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I guess that's fair.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.32,0:03:09.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is no day in history,\Nspecial calendar entry
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.44,0:03:12.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for all the people\Nwho failed to climb Mt. Everest
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.96,0:03:15.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before Sir Edmund Hillary\Nand Tenzing Norgay
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.72,0:03:16.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made it to the top.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.96,0:03:21.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in 1997, I was still\Nthe world champion
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.52,0:03:28.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when chess computers finally came of age.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.52,0:03:31.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was Mt. Everest,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.52,0:03:33.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Deep Blue reached the summit.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.60,0:03:38.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I should say of course,\Nnot that Deep Blue did it,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.68,0:03:40.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but its human creators --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.84,0:03:44.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anantharaman, Campbell, Hoane, Hsu.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.20,0:03:45.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hats off to them.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.84,0:03:51.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As always, machine's triumph\Nwas a human triumph,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.28,0:03:56.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something we tend to forget when humans\Nare surpassed by our own creations.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.36,0:03:59.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Deep Blue was victorious,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.40,0:04:02.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but was it intelligent?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.36,0:04:05.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No, no it wasn't,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.20,0:04:11.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at least not in the way Alan Turing\Nand other founders of computer science
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.28,0:04:12.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had hoped.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.24,0:04:18.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It turned out that chess\Ncould be crunched by brute force,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.04,0:04:22.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,once hardware got fast enough
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.32,0:04:25.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and algorithms got smart enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.76,0:04:30.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Although by the definition of the output,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.48,0:04:33.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,grandmaster-level chess,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.72,0:04:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Deep Blue was intelligent.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.32,0:04:39.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But even at the incredible speed,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.56,0:04:43.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,200 million positions per second,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.36,0:04:46.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Deep Blue's method
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.36,0:04:53.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,provided little of the dreamed-of insight\Ninto the mysteries of human intelligence.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.96,0:04:58.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Soon,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.80,0:05:01.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,machines will be taxi drivers
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.40,0:05:03.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and doctors and professors,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.84,0:05:06.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but will they be "intelligent"?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.84,0:05:10.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would rather leave these definitions
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.36,0:05:13.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the philosophers and to the dictionary.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.44,0:05:19.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What really matters is how we humans
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.32,0:05:23.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,feel about living and working\Nwith these machines.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.16,0:05:31.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I first met Deep Blue\Nin 1996 in February,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.44,0:05:34.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had been the world champion\Nfor more than 10 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.08,0:05:40.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I had played 182\Nworld championship games
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.12,0:05:45.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and hundreds of games against\Nother top players in other competitions.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.24,0:05:50.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I knew what to expect from my opponents
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.32,0:05:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what to expect from myself.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.68,0:05:57.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was used to measure their moves
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.88,0:06:01.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to gauge their emotional state
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.52,0:06:05.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by watching their body language\Nand looking into their eyes.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.88,0:06:09.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then I sat across\Nthe chessboard from Deep Blue.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.96,0:06:15.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I immediately sensed something new,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.84,0:06:17.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something unsettling.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.44,0:06:22.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You might experience a similar feeling
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.32,0:06:25.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the first time you ride\Nin a driverless car
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.88,0:06:30.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the first time your new computer\Nmanager issues an order at work.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.80,0:06:36.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when I sat at that first game,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.08,0:06:40.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I couldn't be sure
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.24,0:06:43.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what is this thing capable of.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.92,0:06:48.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Technology can advance in leaps,\Nand IBM had invested heavily.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.68,0:06:49.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I lost that game
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.32,0:06:54.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I couldn't help wondering,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.12,0:06:55.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,might it be invincible?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.60,0:06:58.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Was my beloved game of chess over?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.80,0:07:04.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These were human doubts, human fears,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.96,0:07:06.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the only thing I knew for sure
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.40,0:07:10.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was that my opponent Deep Blue\Nhad no such worries at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.32,0:07:12.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.92,0:07:15.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I fought back
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.40,0:07:18.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after this devastating blow
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.00,0:07:20.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to win the first match,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.96,0:07:22.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the writing was on the wall.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.40,0:07:26.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I eventually lost to the machine
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.56,0:07:29.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I didn't suffer the fate of John Henry
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.64,0:07:32.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who won but died\Nwith his hammer in his hand.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.72,0:07:40.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It turned out that the world of chess
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.28,0:07:43.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,still wanted to have\Na human chess champion.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.92,0:07:46.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And even today,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.08,0:07:51.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when a free chess app\Non the latest mobile phone
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.56,0:07:53.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is stronger than Deep Blue,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.60,0:07:55.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people are still playing chess,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.68,0:07:58.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even more than ever before.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.80,0:08:03.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Doomsayers predicted\Nthat nobody would touch the game
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.04,0:08:05.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that could be conquered by the machine,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.32,0:08:07.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they were wrong, proven wrong,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.56,0:08:11.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but doomsaying has always been\Na popular pastime
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.04,0:08:12.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it comes to technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.36,0:08:17.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I learned from my own experience
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.12,0:08:21.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that we must face our fears
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.80,0:08:25.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we want to get the most\Nout of our technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.36,0:08:28.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we must conquer those fears
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.76,0:08:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we want to get the best\Nout of our humanity.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.12,0:08:37.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While licking my wounds,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.92,0:08:39.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I got a lot of inspiration
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.08,0:08:43.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from my battles against Deep Blue.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.80,0:08:46.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As the old Russian saying goes,\Nif you can't beat them, join them.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.88,0:08:50.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then I thought,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.28,0:08:52.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what if I could play with a computer --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.64,0:08:55.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,together with a computer at my side,\Ncombining our strengths,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.16,0:09:00.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,human intuition\Nplus machine's calculation,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.96,0:09:03.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,human strategy, machine tactics,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.68,0:09:06.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,human experience, machine's memory.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.12,0:09:08.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Could it be the perfect game ever played?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.00,0:09:11.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My idea came to life
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.92,0:09:16.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in 1998 under the name of Advanced Chess
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.32,0:09:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I played this human-plus-machine\Ncompetition against another elite player.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.28,0:09:25.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in this first experiment,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.20,0:09:31.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we both failed to combine\Nhuman and machine skills effectively.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.92,0:09:37.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Advanced Chess found\Nits home on the Internet,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.16,0:09:43.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in 2005, a so-called\Nfreestyle chess tournament
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.04,0:09:44.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,produced a revelation.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.24,0:09:50.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A team of grandmasters\Nand top machines participated,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.80,0:09:53.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the winners were not grandmasters,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.56,0:09:54.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not a supercomputer.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.68,0:10:00.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The winners were a pair\Nof amateur American chess players
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.04,0:10:03.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,operating three ordinary PCs\Nat the same time.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.56,0:10:08.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their skill of coaching their machines
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.60,0:10:14.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,effectively counteracted\Nthe superior chess knowledge
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.40,0:10:15.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of their grandmaster opponents
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.00,0:10:20.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and much greater\Ncomputational power of others.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.60,0:10:23.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I reached this formulation.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.56,0:10:27.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A weak human player plus a machine
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.96,0:10:31.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,plus a better process is superior
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.24,0:10:33.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a very powerful machine alone,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.68,0:10:37.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but more remarkably,\Nis superior to a strong human player
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.60,0:10:39.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,plus machine
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.12,0:10:43.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and an inferior process.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.36,0:10:48.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This convinced me that we would need
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.00,0:10:53.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,better interfaces\Nto help us coach our machines
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.52,0:10:56.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,towards more useful intelligence.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.32,0:11:01.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Human plus machine isn't the future,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.64,0:11:02.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's the present.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.88,0:11:07.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everybody that's used online translation
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.04,0:11:11.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get the gist of a news article\Nfrom a foreign newspaper,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.36,0:11:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,knowing its far from perfect.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.68,0:11:15.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then we use our human experience
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.80,0:11:17.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make sense out of that,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.92,0:11:20.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then machine\Nlearns from our corrections.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.72,0:11:25.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This model is spreading and investing\Nin medical diagnosis, security analysis.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.44,0:11:28.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The machine crunches data,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.32,0:11:31.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,calculates probabilities,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.08,0:11:34.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gets 80 percent of the way, 90 percent,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.76,0:11:39.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,making it easier for analysis
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.16,0:11:41.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and decision-making of the human party.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.28,0:11:47.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you are not going to send your kids
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.00,0:11:51.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to school in a self-driving car\Nwith 90 percent accuracy,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.60,0:11:54.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even with 99 percent.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.56,0:11:58.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we need a leap forward
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.44,0:12:04.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to add a few more crucial decimal places.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.16,0:12:11.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Twenty years after\Nmy match with Deep Blue,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.20,0:12:13.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,second match,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.84,0:12:20.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this sensational\N"The Brain's Last Stand" headline
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.16,0:12:21.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has become commonplace
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.76,0:12:24.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as intelligent machines
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.32,0:12:25.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,move
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.56,0:12:28.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in every sector, seemingly every day.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.16,0:12:33.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But unlike in the past,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.28,0:12:34.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when machines replaced
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.48,0:12:38.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,farm animals, manual labor,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.88,0:12:41.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now they are coming\Nafter people with college degrees
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.40,0:12:42.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and political influence,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.12,0:12:46.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as someone\Nwho fought machines and lost,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.24,0:12:48.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am here to tell you\Nthis is excellent, excellent news.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.00,0:12:53.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eventually, every profession
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.24,0:12:55.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will have to feel these pressures
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.36,0:13:00.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or else it will mean humanity\Nhas ceased to make progress.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.76,0:13:03.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.44,0:13:07.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,get to choose
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.48,0:13:11.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when and where\Ntechnological progress stops.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.16,0:13:14.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We cannot
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.96,0:13:17.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,slow down.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.48,0:13:19.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.32,0:13:21.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to speed up.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.60,0:13:27.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our technology excels at removing
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.20,0:13:32.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,difficulties and uncertainties\Nfrom our lives,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.00,0:13:37.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so we must seek out
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.84,0:13:39.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ever more difficult,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.72,0:13:43.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ever more uncertain challenges.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.20,0:13:49.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Machines have
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.88,0:13:53.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,calculations.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.72,0:13:55.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have understanding.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.32,0:13:57.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Machines have instructions.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.84,0:14:00.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have purpose.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.72,0:14:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Machines have
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.08,0:14:06.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,objectivity.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.32,0:14:07.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have passion.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.60,0:14:14.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We should not worry\Nabout what our machines can do today.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.60,0:14:19.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead, we should worry\Nabout what they still cannot do today,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.20,0:14:24.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we will need the help\Nof the new, intelligent machines
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.72,0:14:28.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to turn our grandest dreams into reality.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.00,0:14:31.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if we fail,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.24,0:14:36.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we fail, it's not because our machines\Nare too intelligent,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.92,0:14:38.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or not intelligent enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.20,0:14:42.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we fail, it's because\Nwe grew complacent
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.68,0:14:45.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and limited our ambitions.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.52,0:14:49.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our humanity is not defined by any skill,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.28,0:14:53.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like swinging a hammer\Nor even playing chess.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.56,0:14:57.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's one thing only a human can do.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:57.60,0:14:58.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's dream.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.12,0:15:02.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let us dream big.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.68,0:15:03.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.92,0:15:06.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)