[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.33,0:00:07.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you hear that?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.78,0:00:11.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you know what that is?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.05,0:00:14.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Silence.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.78,0:00:16.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The sound of silence.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.45,0:00:20.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Simon and Garfunkel wrote a song about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.17,0:00:23.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But silence is a pretty\Nrare commodity these days,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.34,0:00:27.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're all paying a price for it\Nin terms of our health --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.14,0:00:30.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a surprisingly big price, as it turns out.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.84,0:00:34.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Luckily, there are things\Nwe can do right now,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.63,0:00:37.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both individually and as a society,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.54,0:00:39.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to better protect our health
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.44,0:00:43.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and give us more of the benefits\Nof the sounds of silence.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.73,0:00:48.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I assume that most of you know that\Ntoo much noise is bad for your hearing.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.76,0:00:52.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whenever you leave a concert or a bar\Nand you have that ringing in your ears,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.65,0:00:55.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can be certain that you have done\Nsome damage to your hearing,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.92,0:00:57.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,likely permanent.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.63,0:00:59.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's very important.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.80,0:01:04.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, noise affects our health\Nin many different ways beyond hearing.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.10,0:01:06.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're less well-known,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.66,0:01:09.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they're just as dangerous\Nas the auditory effects.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.52,0:01:13.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what do we mean\Nwhen we talk about noise?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.29,0:01:17.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, noise is defined as unwanted sound,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.40,0:01:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as such, both has\Na physical component, the sound,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.02,0:01:23.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a psychological component,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.04,0:01:26.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the circumstances that make\Nthe sound unwanted.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.26,0:01:28.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A very good example is a rock concert.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.96,0:01:33.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A person attending the rock concert,\Nbeing exposed to 100 decibels,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.33,0:01:35.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,does not think of the music as noise.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.04,0:01:39.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This person likes the band, and even\Npaid a hundred dollars for the ticket,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.01,0:01:43.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so no matter how loud the music,\Nthis person doesn't think of it as noise.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.75,0:01:49.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In contrast, think of a person living\Nthree blocks away from the concert hall.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.90,0:01:52.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That person is trying to read a book,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.13,0:01:55.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but cannot concentrate\Nbecause of the music.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.10,0:01:58.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And although the sound pressure levels\Nare much lower in this situation,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.83,0:02:01.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this person still thinks\Nof the music as noise,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.67,0:02:07.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it may trigger reactions that can,\Nin the long run, have health consequences.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.40,0:02:12.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So why are quiet spaces so important?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.66,0:02:16.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because noise affects our health\Nin so many ways beyond hearing.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.05,0:02:23.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, it's becoming increasingly\Ndifficult to find quiet spaces
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.19,0:02:26.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in times of constantly increasing traffic,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.85,0:02:28.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,growing urbanization,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.62,0:02:31.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,construction sites,\Nair-conditioning units,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.19,0:02:33.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leaf blowers, lawnmowers,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.18,0:02:36.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,outdoor concerts and bars,\Npersonal music players,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.20,0:02:38.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and your neighbors partying until 3am.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.95,0:02:40.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whew!
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.62,0:02:44.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2011, the World Health\NOrganization estimated
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.46,0:02:50.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that 1.6 million healthy life years\Nare lost every year
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.37,0:02:52.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,due to exposure to environmental noise
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.94,0:02:55.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Western European\Nmember states alone.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.09,0:03:00.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One important effect of noise\Nis that it disturbs communication.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.05,0:03:03.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You may have to raise your voice\Nto be understood.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.87,0:03:07.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In extreme cases, you may even\Nhave to pause the conversation.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.76,0:03:11.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's also more likely to be misunderstood\Nin a noisy environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.66,0:03:14.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are all likely reasons\Nwhy studies have found
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.02,0:03:18.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that children who attend\Nschools in noisy areas
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.52,0:03:22.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are more likely to lag behind their peers\Nin academic performance.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.82,0:03:26.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another very important\Nhealth effect of noise
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.34,0:03:29.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the increased risk\Nfor cardiovascular disease
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.35,0:03:32.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in those who are exposed\Nto relevant noise levels
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.67,0:03:34.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for prolonged periods of time.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.43,0:03:36.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Noise is stress,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.88,0:03:39.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially if we have little\Nor no control over it.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.98,0:03:43.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our body excretes stress hormones\Nlike adrenaline and cortisol
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.94,0:03:46.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that lead to changes\Nin the composition of our blood
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.86,0:03:49.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in the structure of our blood vessels,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.18,0:03:53.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which have been shown to be stiffer\Nafter a single night of noise exposure.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.10,0:03:58.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Epidemiological studies show associations\Nbetween the noise exposure
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.35,0:04:01.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and an increased risk\Nfor high blood pressure,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.82,0:04:03.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,heart attacks and stroke,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.87,0:04:07.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and although the overall risk increases\Nare relatively small,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.50,0:04:10.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this still constitutes\Na major public health problem
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.91,0:04:13.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because noise is so ubiquitous,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.20,0:04:16.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so many people are exposed\Nto relevant noise levels.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.38,0:04:20.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A recent study found that US society
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.41,0:04:24.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could save 3.9 billion dollars each year
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.95,0:04:28.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by lowering environmental\Nnoise exposure by five decibels,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.92,0:04:32.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just by saving costs for treating\Ncardiovascular disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.18,0:04:36.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are other diseases\Nlike cancer, diabetes and obesity
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.76,0:04:39.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that have been linked to noise exposure,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.12,0:04:41.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we do not have enough evidence yet
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.31,0:04:45.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to, in fact, conclude that these diseases\Nare caused by the noise.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.06,0:04:50.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet another important effect of noise\Nis sleep disturbance.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.58,0:04:53.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sleep is a very active mechanism\Nthat recuperates us
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.64,0:04:56.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and prepares us for the next wake period.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.56,0:05:00.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A quiet bedroom is a cornerstone\Nof what sleep researchers call
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.72,0:05:02.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"a good sleep hygiene."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.97,0:05:05.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And our auditory system\Nhas a watchman function.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.93,0:05:09.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's constantly monitoring\Nour environment for threats,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.15,0:05:10.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even while we're sleeping.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.39,0:05:16.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So noise in the bedroom can cause a delay\Nin the time it takes us to fall asleep,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.73,0:05:19.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it can wake us up during the night,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.18,0:05:22.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it can prevent our blood pressure\Nfrom going down during the night.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.27,0:05:26.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have the hypothesis that\Nif these noise-induced sleep disturbances
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.68,0:05:28.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,continue for months and years,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.71,0:05:33.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then an increased risk for cardiovascular\Ndisease is likely the consequence.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.11,0:05:38.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, we are often not aware\Nof these noise-induced sleep disturbances,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.17,0:05:40.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we are unconscious\Nwhile we're sleeping.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.14,0:05:45.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the past, we've done studies\Non the effects of traffic noise on sleep,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.04,0:05:48.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and research subjects would often\Nwake up in the morning and say,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.16,0:05:50.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Ah, I had a wonderful night,\NI fell asleep right away,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.78,0:05:52.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,never really woke up."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.54,0:05:55.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we would go back\Nto the physiological signals
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.37,0:05:57.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we had recorded during the night,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.31,0:05:59.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we would often see numerous awakenings
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.65,0:06:02.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a severely fragmented sleep structure.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.72,0:06:08.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These awakenings were too brief\Nfor the subjects to regain consciousness
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.25,0:06:11.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to remember them\Nduring the next morning,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.17,0:06:14.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they may nevertheless\Nhave a profound impact
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.28,0:06:16.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on how restful our sleep is.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.27,0:06:20.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when is loud too loud?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.90,0:06:24.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A good sign of too loud is\Nonce you start changing your behavior.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.75,0:06:28.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You may have to raise your voice\Nto be understood,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.18,0:06:30.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or you increase the volume of your TV.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.85,0:06:33.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're avoiding outside areas,\Nor you're closing your window.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.36,0:06:37.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're moving your bedroom\Nto the basement of the house,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.04,0:06:39.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or you even have\Nsound insulation installed.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.59,0:06:43.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many people will move away\Nto less noisy areas,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.04,0:06:45.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but obviously not everybody\Ncan afford that.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.51,0:06:51.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what can we do right now\Nto improve our sound environment
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.58,0:06:53.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to better protect our health?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.47,0:06:58.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, first of all,\Nif something's too loud, speak up.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.64,0:07:01.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, many owners of movie theaters
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.34,0:07:05.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seem to think that only people hard\Nof hearing are still going to the movies.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.30,0:07:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you complain about the noise\Nand nothing happens,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.03,0:07:11.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,demand a refund and leave.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.14,0:07:14.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the language that managers\Ntypically do understand.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.33,0:07:18.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also, talk to your children\Nabout the health effects of noise
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.38,0:07:22.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that listening to loud music today\Nwill have consequences when they're older.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.46,0:07:26.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can also move your bedroom\Nto the quiet side of the house,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.48,0:07:29.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where your own building shields you\Nfrom road traffic noise.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.15,0:07:32.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you're looking to rent\Nor buy a new place,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.68,0:07:34.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,make low noise a priority.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.97,0:07:37.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Visit the property during\Ndifferent times of the day
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.87,0:07:39.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and talk to the neighbors about noise.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.05,0:07:45.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can wear noise-canceling headphones\Nwhen you're traveling
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.14,0:07:48.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or if your office has high\Nbackground noise levels.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.16,0:07:51.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In general, seek out quiet spaces,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.71,0:07:55.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially on the weekend\Nor when you're on vacation.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.26,0:07:57.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Allow your system to wind down.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.50,0:08:00.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I, very appropriately for this talk,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.89,0:08:03.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,attended a noise conference\Nin Japan four years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.38,0:08:08.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I returned to the United States\Nand entered the airport,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.09,0:08:10.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a wall of sound hit me.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.55,0:08:12.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This tells you that\Nwe don't realize anymore
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.68,0:08:15.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the constant degree\Nof noise pollution we're exposed to
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.48,0:08:19.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how much we could profit\Nfrom more quiet spaces.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.60,0:08:22.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What else can we do about noise?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.98,0:08:26.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, very much like a carbon footprint,\Nwe all have a noise footprint,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.100,0:08:30.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there are things we can do\Nto make that noise footprint smaller.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.84,0:08:36.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, don't start mowing your lawn\Nat 7am on a Saturday morning.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.25,0:08:38.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your neighbors will thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.25,0:08:40.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or use a rake instead of a leaf blower.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.95,0:08:45.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In general, noise reduction at the source\Nmakes the most sense,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.21,0:08:47.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so whenever you're looking\Nto buy a new car,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.86,0:08:50.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,air-conditioning unit,\Nblender, you name it,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.62,0:08:52.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,make low noise a priority.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.89,0:08:56.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many manufacturers will list\Nthe noise levels their devices generate,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.65,0:08:58.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some even advertise with them.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.02,0:09:00.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Use that information.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.01,0:09:05.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many people think that stronger noise\Nregulation and enforcement are good ideas,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.01,0:09:08.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even obvious solutions, perhaps,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.16,0:09:10.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's not as easy as you may think,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.23,0:09:13.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because many of the activities\Nthat generate noise
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.10,0:09:14.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also generate revenue.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.27,0:09:20.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think about an airport and all\Nthe business that is associated with it.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.80,0:09:24.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our research tells politicians\Nat what noise level
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.45,0:09:26.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they can expect a certain health effect,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.64,0:09:29.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that helps inform better noise policy.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.57,0:09:32.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Robert Koch supposedly once said,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.98,0:09:37.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"One day, mankind will fight noise\Nas relentlessly as cholera and the pest."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.01,0:09:40.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think we're there,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.61,0:09:42.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I hope that we will win this fight,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.98,0:09:47.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when we do, we can all have\Na nice, quiet celebration.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.23,0:09:48.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.34,0:09:49.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.54,0:09:51.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)