[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.00,0:00:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On a typical day at school,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.00,0:00:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,endless hours are spent learning the answers to questions,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.00,0:00:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but right now, we'll do the opposite.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.00,0:00:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're going to focus on questions where you can't learn the answers
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.00,0:00:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they're unknown.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.00,0:00:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I used to puzzle about a lot of things as a boy,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.00,0:00:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for example: What would it feel like to be a dog?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.00,0:00:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do fish feel pain?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.00,0:00:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What about insects?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.00,0:00:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Was the Big Bang just an accident?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.00,0:00:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is there a God?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.00,0:00:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if so, how are we so sure that it's a He and not a She?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.00,0:00:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why do so many innocent people and animals suffer terrible things?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.00,0:00:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is there really a plan for my life?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.00,0:01:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is the future yet to be written,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.00,0:01:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or is it already written and we just can't see it?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.00,0:01:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then, do I have free will? I mean, who am I anyway?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.00,0:01:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Am I just a biological machine?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.00,0:01:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then, why am I conscious? What is consciousness?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.00,0:01:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Will robots become conscious one day?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.00,0:01:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, I kind of assumed that some day
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.00,0:01:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would be told the answers to all these questions.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.00,0:01:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Someone must know, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.00,0:01:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Guess what? No one knows.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.00,0:01:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of those questions puzzle me more now than ever.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.00,0:01:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But diving into them is exciting
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.00,0:01:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it takes you to the edge of knowledge, and you never know what you'll find there.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.00,0:01:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, two questions --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.00,0:01:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,questions that no one on Earth knows the answer to.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.00,0:01:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.00,0:02:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes when I'm on a long plane flight,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.00,0:02:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I gaze out at all those mountains and deserts
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.00,0:02:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and try to get my head around how vast our Earth is.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.00,0:02:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then I remember that there's an object we see every day
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.00,0:02:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would literally fit one million Earths inside it:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.00,0:02:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the sun. It seems impossibly big.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.00,0:02:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in the great scheme of things, it's a pinprick,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.00,0:02:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of about 400 billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.00,0:02:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which you can see on a clear night
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.00,0:02:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a pale white mist stretched across the sky.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.00,0:02:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it gets worse. There may be 100 billion galaxies
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.00,0:02:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,detectable by our telescopes.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.00,0:02:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if each star was the size of a single grain of sand,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.00,0:02:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just the Milky Way has enough stars to fill
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.00,0:02:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a 30-foot by 30-foot stretch of beach
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.00,0:02:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,three feet deep with sand.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.00,0:02:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the entire Earth doesn't have enough beaches
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.00,0:02:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to represent the stars in the overall universe.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.00,0:02:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Such a beach would continue for literally hundreds of millions of miles.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.00,0:02:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Holy Stephen Hawking, that is a lot of stars.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.00,0:03:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But he and other physicists now believe in a reality
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.00,0:03:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is unimaginably bigger still.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.00,0:03:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, first of all, the 100 billion galaxies within range of our telescopes
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.00,0:03:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are probably a minuscule fraction of the total.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.00,0:03:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Space itself is expanding at an accelerating pace.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.00,0:03:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The vast majority of the galaxies
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.00,0:03:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are separating from us so fast that light from them may never reach us.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.00,0:03:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Still, our physical reality here on Earth
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.00,0:03:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is intimately connected to those distant, invisible galaxies.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.00,0:03:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can think of them as part of our universe.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.00,0:03:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They make up a single, giant edifice
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.00,0:03:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,obeying the same physical laws and all made from the same types of atoms -- electrons, protons,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.00,0:03:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,quarks, neutrinos -- that make up you and me.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.00,0:03:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, recent theories in physics, including one called string theory,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.00,0:03:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are now telling us there could be countless other universes
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.00,0:03:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,built on different types of particles,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.00,0:03:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with different properties, obeying different laws.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.00,0:03:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of these universes could never support life,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.00,0:04:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and might flash in and out of existence in a nanosecond.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.00,0:04:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But nonetheless, combined they make up a vast multiverse
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.00,0:04:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of possible universes in up to 11 dimensions,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.00,0:04:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,featuring wonders beyond our wildest imagination.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.00,0:04:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The leading version of string theory predicts a multiverse
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.00,0:04:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made up of 10 to the 500 universes.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.00,0:04:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a one followed by 500 zeroes,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.00,0:04:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a number so vast that if every atom
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.00,0:04:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in our observable universe had its own universe,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.00,0:04:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all of the atoms in all those universes each had
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.00,0:04:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their own universe, and you repeated that
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.00,0:04:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for two more cycles, you'd still be
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.00,0:04:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at a tiny fraction of the total,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.00,0:04:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,namely, one trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillionth.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.00,0:04:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But even that number
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.00,0:04:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is minuscule compared to another number:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.00,0:04:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,infinity.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.00,0:04:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some physicists think the space time continuum is literally infinite
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.00,0:05:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that it contains an infinite number of so-called pocket universes
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.00,0:05:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with varying properties.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.00,0:05:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How's your brain doing?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.00,0:05:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Quantum theory adds a whole new wrinkle.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.00,0:05:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, the theory's been proven true beyond all doubt,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.00,0:05:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but interpreting it is baffling,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.00,0:05:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some physicists think you can only un-baffle it
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.00,0:05:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you imagine that huge numbers of parallel universes
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.00,0:05:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are being spawned every moment,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.00,0:05:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and many of these universes would actually be very like the world we're in,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.00,0:05:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would include multiple copies of you.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.00,0:05:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In one such universe, you'd graduate with honors
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.00,0:05:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and marry the person of your dreams,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.00,0:05:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in another, not so much.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.00,0:05:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, there are still some scientists who would say, hogwash.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.00,0:05:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The only meaningful answer to the question of how many universes there are is one.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.00,0:05:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Only one universe.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.00,0:05:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And a few philosophers and mystics
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.00,0:05:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,might argue that even our own universe is an illusion.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.00,0:05:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, as you can see, right now
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.00,0:05:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is no agreement on this question, not even close.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.00,0:05:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All we know is the answer is somewhere between zero and infinity.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.00,0:06:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, I guess we know one other thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.00,0:06:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a pretty cool time to be studying physics.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.00,0:06:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We just might be undergoing the biggest paradigm shift in knowledge
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.00,0:06:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that humanity has ever seen.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.00,0:06:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.00,0:06:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Somewhere out there in that vast universe
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.00,0:06:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there must surely be countless other planets teeming with life.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.00,0:06:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But why don't we see any evidence of it?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.00,0:06:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, this is the famous question asked by Enrico Fermi in 1950:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.00,0:06:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where is everybody?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.00,0:06:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Conspiracy theorists claim that UFOs are visiting all the time
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.00,0:06:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the reports are just being covered up, but honestly, they aren't very convincing.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.00,0:06:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that leaves a real riddle.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.00,0:06:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the past year, the Kepler space observatory
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.00,0:06:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has found hundreds of planets just around nearby stars.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.00,0:06:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you extrapolate that data,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.00,0:06:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it looks like there could be half a trillion planets
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.00,0:06:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just in our own galaxy.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.00,0:07:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If any one in 10,000 has conditions
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.00,0:07:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that might support a form of life, that's still
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.00,0:07:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,50 million possible life-harboring planets
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.00,0:07:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right here in the Milky Way.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.00,0:07:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here's the riddle: our Earth didn't form
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.00,0:07:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until about nine billion years after the Big Bang.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.00,0:07:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Countless other planets in our galaxy should have formed earlier,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.00,0:07:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and given life a chance to get underway
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.00,0:07:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,billions, or certainly many millions,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.00,0:07:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of years earlier than happened on Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.00,0:07:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If just a few of them had spawned intelligent life
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.00,0:07:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and started creating technologies,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.00,0:07:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those technologies would have had millions of years
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.00,0:07:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to grow in complexity and power.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.00,0:07:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On Earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.00,0:07:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've seen how dramatically technology can accelerate
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.00,0:07:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in just 100 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.00,0:07:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In millions of years, an intelligent alien civilization
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.00,0:07:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could easily have spread out across the galaxy,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.00,0:07:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perhaps creating giant energy-harvesting artifacts
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.00,0:07:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or fleets of colonizing spaceships
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.00,0:08:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or glorious works of art that fill the night sky.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.00,0:08:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the very least, you'd think they'd be
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.00,0:08:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,revealing their presence, deliberately or otherwise,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.00,0:08:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through electromagnetic signals of one kind or another.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.00,0:08:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And yet we see no convincing evidence of any of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.00,0:08:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.00,0:08:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, there are numerous possible answers,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.00,0:08:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of them quite dark.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.00,0:08:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe a single, superintelligent civilization
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.00,0:08:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has indeed taken over the galaxy and has imposed strict radio silence
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.00,0:08:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's paranoid of any potential competitors.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.00,0:08:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's just sitting there ready to obliterate
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.00,0:08:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anything that becomes a threat.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.00,0:08:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or maybe they're not that intelligent,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.00,0:08:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or perhaps the evolution of an intelligence
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.00,0:08:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,capable of creating sophisticated technology
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.00,0:08:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is far rarer than we've assumed. After all,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.00,0:08:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's only happened once on Earth in four billion years.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.00,0:08:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe even that was incredibly lucky.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.00,0:08:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe we are the first such civilization in our galaxy.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.00,0:09:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or, perhaps
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.00,0:09:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,civilization carries with it the seeds of its own destruction
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.00,0:09:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through the inability to control the technologies it creates.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.00,0:09:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there are numerous more hopeful answers.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.00,0:09:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For a start, we're not looking that hard, and we're spending a pitiful amount of money on it.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.00,0:09:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Only a tiny fraction of the stars in our galaxy
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.00,0:09:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have really been looked at closely for signs of interesting signals.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.00,0:09:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And perhaps we're not looking the right way.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.00,0:09:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe as civilizations develop,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.00,0:09:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they quickly discover communication technologies
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.00,0:09:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,far more sophisticated and useful than electromagnetic waves.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.00,0:09:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe all the action takes place inside the mysterious
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.00,0:09:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,recently discovered dark matter,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.00,0:09:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or dark energy, that appear to account for most of the universe's mass.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.00,0:09:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.00,0:09:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe we're looking at the wrong scale.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.00,0:09:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Perhaps intelligent civilizations come to realize
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.00,0:09:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that life is ultimately just complex patterns of information
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.00,0:10:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,interacting with each other in a beautiful way,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.00,0:10:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that that can happen more efficiently at a small scale.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.00,0:10:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, just as on Earth clunky stereo systems have shrunk
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.00,0:10:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to beautiful, tiny iPods, maybe intelligent life itself,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.00,0:10:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to reduce its footprint on the environment, has turned itself microscopic.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.00,0:10:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the Solar System might be teeming with aliens, and we're just not noticing them.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.00,0:10:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe the very ideas in our heads are a form of alien life.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.00,0:10:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, okay, that's a crazy thought.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.00,0:10:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The aliens made me say it.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.00,0:10:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it is cool that ideas do seem to have a life all of their own
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.00,0:10:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that they outlive their creators.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.00,0:10:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe biological life is just a passing phase.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.00,0:10:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, within the next 15 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.00,0:10:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we could start seeing real spectroscopic information
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.00,0:10:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from promising nearby planets that will reveal just how life-friendly they might be.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.00,0:10:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And meanwhile, SETI, the Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.00,0:10:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is now releasing its data to the public
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.00,0:10:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that millions of citizen scientists, maybe including you,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.00,0:10:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can bring the power of the crowd to join the search.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.00,0:11:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here on Earth, amazing experiments
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.00,0:11:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are being done to try to create life from scratch,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.00,0:11:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,life that might be very different from the DNA forms we know.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.00,0:11:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of this will help us understand
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.00,0:11:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether the universe is teeming with life
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.00,0:11:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or whether, indeed, it's just us.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.00,0:11:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Either answer, in its own way,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.00,0:11:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is awe-inspiring,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.00,0:11:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because even if we are alone,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.00,0:11:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the fact that we think and dream and ask these questions
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.00,0:11:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,might yet turn out to be one of the most important facts about the universe.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.00,0:11:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I have one more piece of good news for you.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.00,0:11:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The quest for knowledge and understanding never gets dull.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.00,0:11:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It doesn't. It's actually the opposite.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.00,0:11:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The more you know, the more amazing the world seems.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.00,0:11:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's the crazy possibilites, the unanswered questions,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.00,0:11:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that pull us forward.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.00,0:11:54.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So stay curious.