[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.79,0:00:08.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since the dawn of humanity,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.46,0:00:13.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an estimated 100.8 billion\Npeople have lived and died,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.88,0:00:19.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a number that increases by about\N.8% of the world's population each year.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.24,0:00:22.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happens to all \Nof those people's bodies after they die
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.46,0:00:26.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and will the planet eventually\Nrun out of burial space?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.72,0:00:28.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When a person's heart stops beating,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.51,0:00:32.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the body passes through several\Nstages before it begins decomposing.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.66,0:00:34.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Within minutes after death,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.29,0:00:37.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the blood begins settling in\Nthe lower-most parts of the body.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.97,0:00:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Usually eight to twelve hours later,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.00,0:00:46.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the skin in those areas is discolored\Nby livor mortis, or post-mortem stain.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.08,0:00:49.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And while at the moment of death\Nthe body's muscles relax completely
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.90,0:00:52.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a condition called primary flaccidity,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.68,0:00:58.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they stiffen about two to six hours later\Nin what's known as rigor mortis.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.25,0:01:00.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This stiffening spreads \Nthrough the muscles,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.38,0:01:05.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and its speed can be affected by age,\Ngender, and the surrounding environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.59,0:01:07.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The body also changes temperature,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.59,0:01:10.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,usually cooling off \Nto match its environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.90,0:01:13.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Next comes decomposition,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.06,0:01:17.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the process by which bacteria and insects\Nbreak apart the body.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.24,0:01:20.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many factors affect \Nthe rate of decomposition.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.28,0:01:24.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is, however, a basic guide of the\Neffect of the environment on decompositon
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.80,0:01:26.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called Casper's Law.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.76,0:01:28.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It says that if all other \Nfactors are equal,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.97,0:01:35.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a body exposed to air decomposes twice\Nas fast as one immersed in water
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.20,0:01:39.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and eight times as fast \Nas one buried in earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.32,0:01:43.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Soil acidity also greatly \Naffects bone preservation.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.55,0:01:46.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,High-acidity soils with \Na pH of less than 5.3
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.98,0:01:49.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will rapidly decompose bone,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.66,0:01:54.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whereas in a neutral or basic soil\Nwith a pH of 7 or more,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.74,0:01:59.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a skeleton can remain in relatively\Ngood condition for centuries.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.68,0:02:04.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Different cultures throughout history have\Ndeveloped unique approaches to burials.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.09,0:02:06.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As far back as \Nthe first Neanderthal burials,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.72,0:02:09.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,death was accompanied by rituals,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.10,0:02:13.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the positioning, coloring,\Nor decorating of corpses.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.42,0:02:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Traditional Christian burials decorate\Nthe body in dress,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.00,0:02:18.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while in traditional Islam,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.46,0:02:20.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a body is wrapped in a piece \Nof ritual fabric
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.94,0:02:24.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the face oriented toward Mecca.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.06,0:02:27.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Traditional Hindus ceremonially burn\Nthe body,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.02,0:02:31.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Zoroastrians, followers of one of the\Noldest monotheistic religions,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.27,0:02:35.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,traditionally place bodies atop a tower\Nto expose them to the Sun
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.64,0:02:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and scavenging birds.`
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.00,0:02:42.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before the Industrial Revolution,\Nburials were simple and accessible.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.25,0:02:47.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These days, with suitable burial land\Nrunning out in high-population areas,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.19,0:02:50.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,purchasing private gravesites\Ncan be costly,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.29,0:02:53.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and many people can't afford\Nsimple burials.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.05,0:02:56.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even cremation, the second most common\Nburial practice in the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.86,0:02:59.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,comes with a high cost.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.21,0:03:01.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As for the question \Nof running out of space,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.39,0:03:04.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the issue isn't so much about total land\Nin the world
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.30,0:03:08.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as it is that large populations cluster\Ntogether within cities.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.79,0:03:10.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of the big cities in the world
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.98,0:03:14.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,may run out of suitable burial grounds\Nwithin a century.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.57,0:03:16.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For London, it's even sooner.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.39,0:03:18.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That may happen by 2035.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.88,0:03:21.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So are there alternatives\Nto traditional burials
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.84,0:03:24.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that might help with the space issue?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.39,0:03:29.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In some countries, skyscraper cemeteries\Nenable vertical burials.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.34,0:03:32.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some options focus on the body's\Nrelationship with the environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.85,0:03:37.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Promession, for example, freeze-dries\Nand pulverizes the body,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.79,0:03:40.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,creating a powder \Nthat can turn into compost
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.34,0:03:43.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when mixed with oxygen and water.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.31,0:03:46.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are also green burials that use\Nspecial materials,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.46,0:03:48.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as biodegradable caskets,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.65,0:03:50.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,urns that sprout trees,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.54,0:03:53.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and burial suits that grow mushrooms.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.80,0:03:57.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eternal reefs take that concept\Nto the depths of the ocean
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.44,0:04:03.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using a mixture of ashes and cement\Nto create marine habitats for sea life.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.43,0:04:06.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Death is an inevitable part\Nof the human condition,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.55,0:04:10.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but how we treat bodies and burials\Ncontinues to evolve.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.48,0:04:12.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We may each have different spiritual,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.39,0:04:13.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,religious,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.37,0:04:15.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or practical approaches to dying,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.94,0:04:18.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the ever-increasing demand\Nfor burial space
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.53,0:04:20.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,might give us a push to be creative
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.69,0:04:24.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about where our bodies go\Nafter the final stages of life.