[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.35,0:00:23.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ok, let me talk about mathematics.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.76,0:00:26.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am sure all of you love math, yeah?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.03,0:00:32.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not so much? Well,\NI know that not everybody loves math.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.91,0:00:36.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Honestly speaking, \Nhow many of you guys hate math?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.99,0:00:40.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not so many. That's good!
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.23,0:00:42.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually I think that some people\Nwho hate math believe
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.87,0:00:46.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that math is all about numbers\Nand calculation and formulas
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.60,0:00:48.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and other boring stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.00,0:00:51.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me tell you. That's not true.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.46,0:00:54.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's this famous joke:\Nin the 19th century,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.59,0:00:57.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was a famous mathematician\Ncalled Ernst Kummer.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.23,0:01:01.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He is a very famous mathematician,\Nand actually he's called
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.33,0:01:04.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"the father of arithmetics,"\N"the father of number theory."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.68,0:01:09.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But actually, he wasn't so good\Nat handling simple numbers.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.94,0:01:16.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once in a lecture, he was giving a class, \Nhe got stuck trying to calculate 7 x 9.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.08,0:01:24.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So he was writing on the blackboard\Nand said, "What is 7 x 9?"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.36,0:01:28.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of his students said, "it's 61, sir,"\Nand another said, "it's 69".
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.14,0:01:32.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then Kummer said, "Come on!\NCalm down, gentlemen.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.26,0:01:36.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It can't be both 61 and 69.\NIt has to be one of them."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.23,0:01:41.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is supposed to be funny.\NYes, it was a famous joke.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.72,0:01:44.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So not all mathematicians\Nare good at numbers.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.71,0:01:49.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He is a famous number theorist.\NOk, thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.76,0:01:54.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anyway, math is not just about numbers.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.37,0:01:58.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I can keep on talking about math\Nwithout talking about numbers
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.13,0:02:00.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for like a day or a week if you wish.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.95,0:02:03.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every day there's a new theory improved,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.27,0:02:07.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every day a new idea,\Nevery day a new concept is created.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.67,0:02:11.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Math is a totally endless,\Nopen-ended, creative act.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.30,0:02:14.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a little bit like music.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.81,0:02:17.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, what's cool\Nand what's not
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.52,0:02:21.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,depends on which culture and\Nwhich area you live in mathematics.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.20,0:02:25.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, some people think\NCategory Theory is really cool.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.93,0:02:27.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, maybe you don't know\NCategory Theory.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.97,0:02:31.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some people think Set Theory\Nis much more sexy.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.82,0:02:33.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah, wow.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.68,0:02:38.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in some countries,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.02,0:02:40.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some people are good\Nat handling concrete stuff,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.86,0:02:44.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some countries\Nare good at handling very abstract stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.22,0:02:47.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So math is not as rigid\Nas you might imagine.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.04,0:02:52.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the biggest difference\Nbetween math and music
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.17,0:02:55.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that in the world of music,\Nthere are wonderful composers
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.93,0:02:59.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who create music and make music,\Nbut at the same time\N
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.81,0:03:02.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are wonderful players\Nwho play music.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.07,0:03:06.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you have Bach, Beethoven, Mozart.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.27,0:03:08.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All the great composers\Nmake beautiful music,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.51,0:03:11.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we get access to this music\Nbecause great players,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.89,0:03:15.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Glenn Gould and Yo-Yo Ma and\Nall the other players play the music,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.31,0:03:18.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we can get access to beautiful music.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.80,0:03:22.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in the world of math, unfortunately,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.16,0:03:26.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are great composers;\Nevery day a lot of math is created,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.15,0:03:28.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but no one plays math.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.09,0:03:34.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the world, the beauty of mathematics\Nis only accessible
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.22,0:03:36.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to professional mathematicians.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.52,0:03:39.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to change this a little bit.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.36,0:03:42.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually, three years ago,\NI started doing math concerts.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.38,0:03:48.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At places like this hall, restaurants\Neven at temples, I talk about mathematics,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.13,0:03:52.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and non-mathematicians\Ncome to listen to mathematics.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.11,0:03:57.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I wish that not only me\Nbut more people start doing math concerts,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.98,0:04:03.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that the beautiful world of mathematics\Nwill be accessible to non-mathematicians.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.06,0:04:10.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anyway, let's get back to the subject.\NI said math is not just about numbers.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.39,0:04:11.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then what is it about? \N
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.72,0:04:15.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mathematics is called \N"Sugaku" in Japanese.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.10,0:04:19.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Su means "numbers";\Ngaku means "study "of something.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.34,0:04:21.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So sugaku means "the study of numbers."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.86,0:04:25.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I don't think\Nthis is a good translation,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.28,0:04:27.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it gives the impression
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.50,0:04:30.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that mathematics is \Nactually about numbers.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.08,0:04:34.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the word mathematics originally\Ncomes from a Greek expression,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.91,0:04:38.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"ta mathemata."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.51,0:04:41.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ta mathemata means\N"things we gain by taking",
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.21,0:04:45.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's not the taking\Nin the ordinary sense.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.52,0:04:48.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the taking\Nof what we already have.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.64,0:04:51.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we usually take something\Nthat we don't have,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.66,0:04:55.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but ta mathemata means\Nthings we gain by taking
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.12,0:04:58.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the taking is the taking\Nof what we already have.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.42,0:05:03.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is difficult. In other words,\Nmathematics in its original sense
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.12,0:05:08.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,means the taking of what you already have\Nand the knowing what you already know.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.59,0:05:10.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what does that mean?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.87,0:05:15.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is a Japanese mathematician\Ncalled Oka Kiyoshi.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.42,0:05:19.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I hope everyone will remember his name\Nafter this presentation.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.60,0:05:21.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He used to be in Kyoto.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.81,0:05:27.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He is one of the world's most known\NJapanese mathematicians.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.98,0:05:31.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Oka was actually so great\Nthat some people in Europe thought\N
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.94,0:05:34.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Oka was the name of a group.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.30,0:05:37.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They couldn't believe that\Nhe did all this job by himself.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.54,0:05:41.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just one single person did all this job.\NThey couldn't believe it.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.61,0:05:45.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oka was not just a great mathematician;\N
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.27,0:05:49.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but he was also a profound thinker,\Nand philosopher.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.36,0:05:52.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He has left some great quotes\Nand beautiful essays
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.66,0:05:55.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the nature of mathematics,\N\N
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.35,0:06:02.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In particular, he repeatedly said\Nthat mathematics can say nothing
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.41,0:06:05.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the first number one.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.89,0:06:09.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, obviously numbers\Nare the most simplest objects
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.59,0:06:11.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in mathematics.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.14,0:06:16.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you try to explain\Nwhy the first number one has to exist
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.11,0:06:18.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or what the first number one is\Nin the first place,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.94,0:06:21.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no matter how hard you try\Nmathematically or logically,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.100,0:06:26.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'll never be able to explain\Nor never be able to prove\N
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.06,0:06:29.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the existence of the number one,\Nor what the first number one is.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.84,0:06:31.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We simply believe it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.93,0:06:36.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the believing of something\Nwith no grounds.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.16,0:06:40.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Without this power of our mind,\Nof believing things,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.90,0:06:43.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,math will be totally groundless,\Nand meaningless.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.32,0:06:50.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So at first sight, math seems\Nto be about numbers and calculation,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.27,0:06:54.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and logic and all that stuff,\Nbut underlying calculation and logic,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.64,0:07:00.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's a huge dimension in our minds\Nthat underlies all calculation and logic.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.80,0:07:03.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So at the heart of mathematics,\Nthere's not numbers,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.94,0:07:06.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's not logic,\Nthere's not calculation,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.83,0:07:10.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there's a huge dimension\Nour inner universe,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.59,0:07:16.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which Oka Kiyoshi called "Joocho."\N
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.50,0:07:20.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Joocho is a difficult Japanese word.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.40,0:07:22.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was looking for \Na good translation for it,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.69,0:07:25.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a good English word\Nthat corresponds to Joocho,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.72,0:07:28.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but unfortunately\NI was not able to find one.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.30,0:07:30.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's just call this Joocho.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.93,0:07:33.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.35,0:07:37.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in Oka's terms,\Nmath is not about numbers;
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.17,0:07:39.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,math is not about calculation;\Nmath is not about logic;\N
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.85,0:07:42.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,math is about joocho.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.29,0:07:45.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the very act of looking\Ninside your mind, and,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.28,0:07:49.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,well, encountering with your own self,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.98,0:07:55.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,encountering with your own\Nrich inner universe, your Joocho.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.03,0:07:58.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if you want to do mathematics,\Npick up a problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.49,0:08:00.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It doesn't have to be a difficult one.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.45,0:08:03.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You don't even have to prove\Na theory no one has proved yet.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.52,0:08:06.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just pick up a problem;\Nit can be an easy one,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.25,0:08:09.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and concentrate on it;\Ntry to solve it yourself.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.69,0:08:11.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Don't look at the answers.\NDon't cheat.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.64,0:08:16.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Keep on thinking about the problem\Nuntil you figure your way out by yourself.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.09,0:08:21.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then you have to be patient;\Nyou have to keep on paying attention.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.99,0:08:26.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Being patient and keeping attention\Non one subject is very important.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.17,0:08:33.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During this mindfulness, you find yourself\Nencountering with your own mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.01,0:08:37.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you are lucky enough,\Nyou find yourself swimming around
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.93,0:08:41.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the sea of Joocho inside your mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.02,0:08:43.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, try this if you have time.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.93,0:08:48.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is a very short presentation\Non mathematics.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.10,0:08:51.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And basically I only have one message.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.05,0:08:55.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Math is not about numbers;\Nmath is not just for calculation;
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.52,0:08:57.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,math is not just about logic;
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.83,0:09:00.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,math is the very act of looking\Ninside your mind,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.88,0:09:04.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and encountering with your inner self\Nwith your inner universe,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.14,0:09:09.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with your inner rich\Nwhole dimension of Joocho.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.66,0:09:14.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in this sense everybody, including you,\Ncan be a mathematician.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.58,0:09:16.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.12,0:09:17.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.99,0:09:18.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.