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Gəlin biraz Maksvel-Boltzman

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paylanması haqqında danışaq.

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Və buradakı şəkil Klerk

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Maksvelin şəkilidir.

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Mən bu şəkili çox sevirəm, o həyat

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yoldaşı Katerina Maksvellə birlikdədir, bu isə çox güman ki, onların itidir.

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Və Ceyms Maksvel fizika dahisidir və

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özünün Maksvel düsturu ilə məhşurdur.

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O həmçinin fotoqrafiyada əsaslı işlər

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görmüşdür və o həmçinin ideallaşdırılmış

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gas hissəciklərinin sürətinin

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paylanması haqqındada da

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düşünmüşdür.

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Bu centlmen isə Ludviq Boltzmandır.

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O statistik mexanıkanikanın

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yaradıcılarından biridir.

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Və birlikdə, Maxwell-Boltzman paylanması

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yolu ilə əməkdaşlıq etmədilər, amma onlar

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müstəqil olaraq eyni nəticəyə gəldilər.

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Onlar " hava hissəciklərinin sürətlərinin

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paylanması nədir?" sualına cavab verə bilmişdilər.

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Gəlin biraz əsaslandıraq, kiçik

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bir təcrübə edək.

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Tutaq ki, burada konteyner var.

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Tutaq ki, burada konteyner var.

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və tutaq ki, bunun içində hava var.

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Hava daha çox azotdan təşkil olunub.

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gəlin deyək ki, sadələşdirmək üçün

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deyək ki bu sadəcə azotdan ibarətdir.

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Bir neçə azot molekulu çəkək.

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Tutaq ki, bizim termometerimiz var.

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Mən termometeri buraya qoyuram.

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Termometerin göstərişi

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300 kelvindir.

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300 kelvin temperatur nə deməkdir?

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Bizim gündəlik həyatımızda çox

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güclü temperatur hissimiz olur.

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Hey, mən bu isti şeyə toxunmaq istəmirəm.

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Bu məni yandıracaq.

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Yaxud bu soyuqdur, bu məni titrədəcək.

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Bu bizim beynimizin temperaturu

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necə qəbul etməsidir.

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Bəs molekulyar miqyasda nə baş verir?

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Bu temperatur

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haqqında düşünmək üçün

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yaxşı yoldur.

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Mən bunu

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yalnış tələffüz etdim.

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Temperatur sistemdəki molekulların orta

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kinetik enerjisindən asılıdır.

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Gəlin bunu bu cür yazaq.

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Temperatur orta kinetik enerjidən asılıdır.

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Sistemdəki

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orta

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kinetik

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enerji.

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Mənb sadəcə orta kinetik enerji yazacam.

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Gəlin bunu daha konkret edək.

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Tutaq ki, iki konteynerimiz var.

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Bu birinci konteynerdir.

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Vay.

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Və iki konteyner burada sağdadır.

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Tutaq ki, bizim eyni sayda

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azot qazımız var.

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Mən burada 10-unu çəkirəm.

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Bu aydındır ki, real deyil,

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molekulların sayı daha da çoxdur.

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1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.

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1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.

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Tutaq ki, temperatur

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300 kelvindir.

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Bu sistemin temperaturu 300 kelvindir.

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Bu sistemin temperaturu isə 200 kelvindir.

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Əgər təsəvvür etsək ki, molekullar nə edir,

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onlar ətrafda hərəkət edir, bir-biri ilə toqquşur,

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onların hamısı birlikdə hərəkət etmir.

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Sistemdə molekulların orta kinetik enerjisi

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daha da yüksək olacaq.

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ola bilər ki, molekul bu

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istiqamətdə hərəkət edir.

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Bu sürətdir.

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Bunun sürəti budur.

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Bu istiqamətdə gedir.

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Ola bilər ki, bu hərəkət etmir.

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Bu bu istiqamətdə sürətlə hərəkət edir.

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Bu ola bilər lap sürətlə hərəkət edir.

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Bu bunu edir.

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Bu bunu edir.

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Bu bunu edir.

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Əgər indi bunu bu sistemlə müqayisə etsək,

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çox sürətlə gedən

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molekullar yenə olacaq.

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Ola bilər ki, bu molekul

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digərlərində sürətlə gedir.

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Ama ortalama buradakı molekulların aşağı

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kinetik enerjisi var.

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Bu ola bilər ki bunu edir.

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Gəlin bunu çəkməyə çalışaq.

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Ortalama onların aşağı kinetik enerjisi olacaq.

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Bu o demək deyil ki, nu molekullar

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