1 00:00:00,113 --> 00:00:02,024 ♪ (guitare) ♪ 2 00:00:02,024 --> 00:00:05,011 La musique fait partie de nos vies. 3 00:00:05,595 --> 00:00:09,401 Elle nous réveille, nous motive pendant le sport, 4 00:00:09,401 --> 00:00:11,280 nous accompagne dans les transports. 5 00:00:11,834 --> 00:00:13,832 Peu importe de quel genre, 6 00:00:13,832 --> 00:00:17,234 la musique en soi a la capacité d'affecter notre humeur et notre corps 7 00:00:17,234 --> 00:00:18,812 de toutes sortes de manières. 8 00:00:18,974 --> 00:00:22,136 Nous battons la mesure, nous dansons. 9 00:00:22,136 --> 00:00:24,916 La musique peut donner des frissons ou nous faire pleurer. 10 00:00:24,915 --> 00:00:28,704 La musique active toutes les zones cartographiées du cerveau. 11 00:00:28,704 --> 00:00:30,984 Il n'y en pas une seule à notre connaissance 12 00:00:30,984 --> 00:00:33,145 que la musique ne touche pas. 13 00:00:33,145 --> 00:00:34,630 Qu'est-ce que cela veut dire ? 14 00:00:34,630 --> 00:00:36,666 Que nous fait donc la musique ? 15 00:00:37,204 --> 00:00:39,578 Pour le découvrir, j'ai fait plein de tests 16 00:00:39,578 --> 00:00:41,831 conçus pour mesurer mes réactions à la musique. 17 00:00:42,592 --> 00:00:45,240 J'ai rencontré des enfants dont le cerveau 18 00:00:45,240 --> 00:00:48,122 pourrait changer après des heures à faire de la musique. 19 00:00:48,523 --> 00:00:51,047 J'ai parlé à une psychologue qui, grâce à la musique, 20 00:00:51,047 --> 00:00:53,358 a aidé l'ex-membre du Congrès Gabrielle Giffords 21 00:00:53,358 --> 00:00:56,159 à réapprendre à parler, et j'ai eu un aperçu du cerveau 22 00:00:56,159 --> 00:00:58,705 d'un musicien qui a deux Grammy, pendant qu'il joue. 23 00:00:58,705 --> 00:01:00,646 (musique et chant) 24 00:01:00,646 --> 00:01:03,443 tout ça pour découvrir l'effet que la musique a sur nous. 25 00:01:05,192 --> 00:01:07,158 (musique entraînante) 26 00:01:07,539 --> 00:01:10,041 Que se passe-t-il quand nous écoutons de la musique ? 27 00:01:10,041 --> 00:01:13,141 Nous nous sommes rendus au USC Brain and Creativity Institute. 28 00:01:13,141 --> 00:01:15,455 où on a regardé sous mon crâne littéralement 29 00:01:15,455 --> 00:01:16,922 pour essayer de le découvrir. 30 00:01:16,922 --> 00:01:19,420 Je vais rentrer dans ce scanner. 31 00:01:19,420 --> 00:01:21,289 Je vais rentrer dans ce petit tube. 32 00:01:21,289 --> 00:01:23,306 Ce sera l'image de mon cerveau au repos. 33 00:01:23,306 --> 00:01:25,191 Ensuite je vais écouter de la musique, 34 00:01:25,191 --> 00:01:27,103 et on verra comment mon cerveau réagit. 35 00:01:27,103 --> 00:01:28,608 Fermez les yeux, détendez-vous 36 00:01:28,608 --> 00:01:30,785 laissez-vous aller avec la musique. 37 00:01:30,785 --> 00:01:33,269 (musique classique) (Peter) Voilà ce qu'on a vu. 38 00:01:33,269 --> 00:01:34,431 Ça, c'est mon cerveau. 39 00:01:34,431 --> 00:01:37,060 Les zones en rouge sont plus actives que la moyenne ; 40 00:01:37,060 --> 00:01:38,507 en bleu, elles le sont moins. 41 00:01:38,507 --> 00:01:41,806 Comme vous le voyez, Il y a du rouge partout, 42 00:01:41,806 --> 00:01:43,826 pas juste dans une seule zone. 43 00:01:43,826 --> 00:01:45,040 (Daniel) Il y a 25 ans, 44 00:01:45,040 --> 00:01:48,076 on pensait que le langage c'est le côté gauche du cerveau 45 00:01:48,076 --> 00:01:50,136 et la musique, le côté droit. 46 00:01:50,136 --> 00:01:53,283 Aujourd'hui, nous avons de meilleurs outils, 47 00:01:53,604 --> 00:01:57,435 de l'imagerie de haute résolution et de meilleures méthodes expérimentales 48 00:01:57,795 --> 00:02:00,090 et nous avons découvert que c'est faux. 49 00:02:00,090 --> 00:02:03,003 Comment cela se traduit-il dans différentes zones du cerveau ? 50 00:02:03,003 --> 00:02:04,398 Quand la musique entre 51 00:02:04,398 --> 00:02:07,018 et est dispatchée dans divers endroits du cerveau 52 00:02:07,018 --> 00:02:10,362 elle s'arrête dans une zone spécialisée, du cortex auditif. 53 00:02:10,362 --> 00:02:12,663 Il analyse le volume, la hauteur, le rythme 54 00:02:12,663 --> 00:02:14,929 le timbre, ce genre de choses. 55 00:02:14,929 --> 00:02:18,928 Le cortex visuel est activé quand un musicien lit une partition 56 00:02:18,928 --> 00:02:20,365 ou regarde de la musique. 57 00:02:20,365 --> 00:02:22,560 Le cortex moteur quand on tape du pied, 58 00:02:22,560 --> 00:02:24,761 qu'on claque dans ses doigts, qu'on applaudit. 59 00:02:24,761 --> 00:02:27,775 Et le cervelet qui est le médiateur des émotions. 60 00:02:27,774 --> 00:02:31,539 Quand on entend un passage familier la mémoire est traitée dans l'hippocampe 61 00:02:31,539 --> 00:02:34,797 qui le retrouve dans votre banque de souvenirs 62 00:02:34,797 --> 00:02:37,258 La musique , c'est dans les deux moitiés du cerveau, 63 00:02:37,258 --> 00:02:39,324 la gauche et la droite, devant et derrière. 64 00:02:39,324 --> 00:02:41,076 à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur. 65 00:02:41,756 --> 00:02:44,245 (chant) 66 00:02:44,722 --> 00:02:46,820 (Peter)Et pour le cerveau d'un musicien ? 67 00:02:47,007 --> 00:02:50,101 Jouer un morceau de musique fait intervenir tant de choses : 68 00:02:50,111 --> 00:02:52,255 le système moteur, la gestion du temps, 69 00:02:52,688 --> 00:02:55,180 la mémoire, l'audition, 70 00:02:55,180 --> 00:02:58,194 beaucoup d'activité cérébrale en même temps. 71 00:02:58,194 --> 00:03:00,857 Jouer de la musique, ce n'est pas rien. 72 00:03:00,857 --> 00:03:04,085 ♪ (Chopin, "Fantaisie-Impromptu") ♪ 73 00:03:04,085 --> 00:03:05,949 Je m'appelle Alex Jacob Robertson. 74 00:03:05,949 --> 00:03:07,497 Et moi Nathan Glenn Robertson. 75 00:03:07,497 --> 00:03:09,418 Nous avons demandé à ces jeunes musiciens 76 00:03:09,418 --> 00:03:11,824 ce qui se passe dans leur tête quand ils jouent. 77 00:03:11,824 --> 00:03:14,961 Le plus important, je crois, c'est d'avoir une bonne posture 78 00:03:14,961 --> 00:03:16,490 d'obtenir la note juste, 79 00:03:16,490 --> 00:03:18,978 legato, staccato. 80 00:03:18,978 --> 00:03:20,928 81 00:03:21,512 --> 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