[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.11,0:00:02.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ (music) ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.22,0:00:04.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Peter) These days, \Nyou hear music all the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.96,0:00:09.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It wakes us up, motivates our workouts,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.40,0:00:11.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,keeps us company on our commutes.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.52,0:00:13.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It doesn't matter\Nwhat kind of music it is,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.60,0:00:17.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,music itself has the ability\Nto affect our moods and our bodies
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.23,0:00:19.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in all sorts of ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.18,0:00:22.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We nod our heads, we sway, dance.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.14,0:00:23.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Music can give us chills,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.50,0:00:24.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even make us cry.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.92,0:00:28.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Music activates every area\Nof the brain that we have so far mapped.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.77,0:00:30.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, there's no area\Nof the brain we know about
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.82,0:00:32.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that music doesn't touch in some way.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.88,0:00:34.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what's behind all that?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.31,0:00:36.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What exactly does music do to us?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.93,0:00:39.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To find out, I went\Nto a whole series of tests
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.22,0:00:42.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,designed to measure my responses to music.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.59,0:00:45.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I met some kids whose brains\Nmay actually be changing,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.24,0:00:48.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thanks to those hours\Nof learning, practice, and performing.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.52,0:00:50.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I spoke with a therapist who used music
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.86,0:00:53.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help former congresswoman\NGabrielle Giffords
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.16,0:00:54.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,learn to speak again,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.84,0:00:56.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and got a glimpse inside the brain
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.03,0:00:59.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a two-time winning artist\Nwhile he played...
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.02,0:01:00.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,( )
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.71,0:01:04.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...all to find out how music affects us.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.41,0:01:06.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ (music) ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.54,0:01:09.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what's going on\Nwhen we listen to music?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.94,0:01:13.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We visited the USC Brain\Nand Creativity Institute,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.14,0:01:15.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where I had my head examined, literally,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.76,0:01:16.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to try to figure it out.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.92,0:01:19.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to go into this [FMRI] machine,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.06,0:01:20.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a tiny tube will surround me.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.97,0:01:23.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'll get a baseline reading of my brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.31,0:01:25.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then I'm going to listen\Nto some music.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.04,0:01:27.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're going to see how my brain responds.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.34,0:01:28.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just close your eyes, relax,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.42,0:01:30.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and try and get into the music\Nas best you can, okay?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.58,0:01:32.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ (music) ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.16,0:01:33.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here's what we saw.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.14,0:01:34.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are scans of my brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.59,0:01:37.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The areas in red are where\Nmy activity is above average;
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.24,0:01:38.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in blue, below average.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.51,0:01:41.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As you can see, \Nthere is red activity all over my brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.81,0:01:43.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not just in one specific area.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.83,0:01:45.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Twenty-five years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.04,0:01:48.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the idea was that language\Nis on the left side of the brain
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.08,0:01:50.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and music is in\Nthe right side of the brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.11,0:01:53.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But now that we've got\Nbetter quality tools,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.09,0:01:57.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,higher resolution neuro-imaging\Nand better experimental methods,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.57,0:02:00.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've discovered that's not at all right.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.29,0:02:02.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How does that play out\Nin different regions of the brain?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.59,0:02:04.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When music enters\Nand then gets shuttled off
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.91,0:02:06.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to different parts of the brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.13,0:02:10.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it stops at specialized processing units\Nin auditory cortex,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.36,0:02:12.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they track loudness and pitch and rhythm
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.66,0:02:14.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and [tambour] and things like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.93,0:02:18.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's visual cortex activation\Nwhen you're reading music as a musician
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.93,0:02:20.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or watching music,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.36,0:02:22.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,motor cortex\Nwhen you're tapping your feet,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.41,0:02:24.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,snapping your fingers, clapping you hands;
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.76,0:02:27.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and cerebellum which mediates\Nthe emotional responses;
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.38,0:02:29.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the memory and the hippocampus,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.90,0:02:31.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hearing a familiar passage,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.73,0:02:34.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,finding it somewhere in your memory banks.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.80,0:02:37.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Music is going on\Nin both halves of your brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.18,0:02:38.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the left and the right,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.16,0:02:39.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the front and the back,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.13,0:02:41.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the inside and the outside.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.20,0:02:44.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ (music) ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.86,0:02:47.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Peter) So what about a musician's brain?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.15,0:02:50.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To play a piece of music\Nengages so many things:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.11,0:02:51.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,motor systems, timing systems,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.94,0:02:55.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,memory systems, hearing systems.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.18,0:02:58.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's all sorts\Nof brain activity happening.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.19,0:03:01.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a very robust thing to play music.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.88,0:03:03.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ (music) ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.64,0:03:05.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm Alex Jacob Robertson.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.83,0:03:07.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm Nathan Glenn Robertson.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.31,0:03:09.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We asked these 11-year old musicians
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.21,0:03:11.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to tell us what's going through\Ntheir minds when they play.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.56,0:03:14.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of the most important things\Nare I think good postures,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.41,0:03:16.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,getting the note right,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.18,0:03:18.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,legato, staccato.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.98,0:03:20.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(violin)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.51,0:03:25.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For the violin, you need to hold\Nyour hand at the right place,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.76,0:03:28.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you need to be in tune,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.08,0:03:31.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then you also have to have\Nnot only the right intonation
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.60,0:03:33.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the right sound,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.11,0:03:35.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then you also need\Nto have great vibrato.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.64,0:03:36.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's lot of things to think about.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.86,0:03:38.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(violin)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.23,0:03:38.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Peter) Back at USC,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.95,0:03:42.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,researchers have been studying kids\Nwho play music over the past five years
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.10,0:03:44.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to see how it affects their development.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.38,0:03:48.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The multi-tasking areas of their brains\Nunderstandable lit up,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.11,0:03:49.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they've seen other results too.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.100,0:03:51.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Music training\Nover the course of five years
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.71,0:03:55.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has had benefits in cognitive skills\Nand decision making,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.44,0:03:58.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also had some benefits in social behavior,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.18,0:04:01.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we've also seen changes\Nin the associated brain structures.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.54,0:04:02.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Peter) Did you hear that?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.86,0:04:04.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Changes in brain structures!
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.60,0:04:06.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They found that the brains of children\Nwho have studied music
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.81,0:04:09.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have stronger connections\Nbetween the left and right hemispheres,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.73,0:04:13.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that can make them better,\Nmore creative problem solvers.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.21,0:04:14.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then there's emotion.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.83,0:04:17.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(emotional music)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.71,0:04:20.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you hear a piece like this,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.22,0:04:27.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's easy to understand why emotions\Nplay such a big part in music.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.48,0:04:31.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This song by Camille Saint-Saëns is known\Nas the music for the dying swan in ballet.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.88,0:04:38.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While it might move ballerinas to dance,\Nit inspires different reactions in others.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.20,0:04:40.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,( )
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.60,0:04:46.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some people get goosebumps, chills.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.46,0:04:48.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That weird tingly sensation that you get
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.13,0:04:50.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when a great piece of music\Njust hits you in the right way?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.96,0:04:54.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's called frisson, \Nand not everyone gets it,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.38,0:04:56.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it turns out I do.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.11,0:04:58.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now we're going to have you listen\Nto some pieces of music.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.70,0:04:59.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.28,0:05:01.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you experience a chill, if you do,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.16,0:05:02.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want you to just press this space bar
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.53,0:05:03.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we have an indication
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.48,0:05:07.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of when those peak moments\Nof enjoyment are happening.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.13,0:05:07.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.76,0:05:09.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Matt Sachs, a PhD candidate at USC,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.86,0:05:12.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wired me up to measure\Nmy physiological response.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.100,0:05:15.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when I'm feeling\Nthat emotional connection
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.64,0:05:17.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that has a physical manifestation,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.86,0:05:20.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we'll see what my body is actually doing?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.30,0:05:21.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Exactly.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.18,0:05:24.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(dramatic music)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.18,0:05:31.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alright, how was that?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.53,0:05:33.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was-- that had a lot of them.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.05,0:05:34.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We got them all.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.78,0:05:35.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now full disclosure:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.75,0:05:37.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Back in the day, I played the cello,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.55,0:05:40.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which might have something to do\Nwith why that particular song affected me.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.81,0:05:41.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nice hair!
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.78,0:05:44.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it turns out the brain\Nis at work here too.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.36,0:05:46.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We processed the difference\Nbetween this pathway
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.65,0:05:49.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that connects the auditory regions\Nis on the side of the brain here,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.92,0:05:51.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the emotional regions,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.30,0:05:54.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we showed that the tract\Nactually that connects those two regions
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.35,0:05:55.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is stronger,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.37,0:05:58.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's more fibers in that region\Nin the people who get chills.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.41,0:05:59.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Peter) Which means\Nthat some people's brains
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.78,0:06:00.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,might have better communication
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.73,0:06:03.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between what they hear and how they feel.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.16,0:06:05.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The music itself also plays\Na role in frisson.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.43,0:06:08.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sachs uses different songs in his lectures\Nto see if students get it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.100,0:06:10.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll say raise your hand\Nwhen you get a chill
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.40,0:06:11.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'll play a piece of music, \Na classical piece,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.90,0:06:13.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and maybe half the people will get it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.60,0:06:15.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Peter) Then he plays this..
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.33,0:06:18.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,( )
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.66,0:06:20.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rolling Stone's Give me Shelter.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.55,0:06:22.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Have you ever seen the movie\N{\i1}20 Feet from Stardom{\i0}?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.42,0:06:23.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The documentary about back up singers?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.68,0:06:24.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.42,0:06:27.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a part where they isolate\Nthe vocals from Give me Shelter.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.98,0:06:30.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ ( ) ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.78,0:06:36.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I play that,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.46,0:06:38.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and 90% of the people experience chills,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.35,0:06:40.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sort of independent of where I go.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.01,0:06:42.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have to tell you, bringing that up\Nmade me think about it
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.80,0:06:46.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I got that little kind of thing\Nat the back of my neck.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.21,0:06:47.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Peter) But why would that happen?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.50,0:06:50.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The high pitched notes that she hit\Nalmost sounds like a scream
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.90,0:06:53.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's very important ancestrally for us
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.43,0:06:54.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be able to pay attention to a scream,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.91,0:06:56.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,figure out what's going on,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.37,0:06:58.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and either run or fight, \Nwhatever we need to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.80,0:07:00.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Peter) So how come\Nthat manifests as pleasure?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.78,0:07:02.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well it's because our pre-frontal cortex,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.98,0:07:05.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the more rational, thinking part\Nof the brain kicks in.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.55,0:07:08.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you realize very quickly,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.16,0:07:10.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after you have\Nthis really quick startle reflex,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.88,0:07:13.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there's nothing actually threatening\Nabout the piece of music,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.53,0:07:17.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you're sitting in a safe space\Nwith your headphones on,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.60,0:07:19.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's in that reappraisal
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.26,0:07:22.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we tend to think\Nof the pleasure responses emerging.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.13,0:07:25.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And whether you find listening to music\Nso pleasurable you get chills
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.35,0:07:28.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or you absolutely despise a song,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.03,0:07:31.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it can produce absolutely\Nfascinating effects in the brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.15,0:07:33.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,According to [Levitan], music we enjoy
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.13,0:07:35.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,triggers the brain's\Ninternal opioid system--
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.72,0:07:37.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yes, opioid system.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.17,0:07:39.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And just like the opioids\Nthat come in pill form
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.38,0:07:42.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these chemicals make you feel good\Nand help relieve pain.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.13,0:07:44.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And music you don't like? \NWell, that releases cortisol,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.90,0:07:46.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the notorious stress hormone.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.40,0:07:49.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that's not even the half of what music\Ncan do in the brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.33,0:07:55.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can you turn on the lights?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.58,0:07:57.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Peter) When former Congresswomen\NGabrielle Giffords
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.33,0:07:58.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was shot in 2011
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.97,0:08:01.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the left side of her brain\Nwas severely damaged,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.15,0:08:02.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leaving her struggling to speak,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.73,0:08:04.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a condition called aphasia.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.53,0:08:07.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Gabby, are you frustrated?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.85,0:08:09.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Peter) But to get an idea
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.75,0:08:12.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of just how powerful\Nmusic's effect on the brain can be,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.64,0:08:13.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,watch this video.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.85,0:08:14.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You ready?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.100,0:08:20.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(together) This little light of mine\NI'm gonna let it shine.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.43,0:08:22.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Peter) That word that she'd been\Nstruggling to say, "light,"
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.38,0:08:24.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,came easily in song.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.33,0:08:29.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why would she be able to sing a word\Nwhen she's unable to say it?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.16,0:08:30.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we know about the brain
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.80,0:08:35.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that the left hemisphere\Ncontrols language,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.15,0:08:37.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there are many\Nother parts of the brain
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.66,0:08:40.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that have music access.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.98,0:08:42.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Music therapist Maegan Morrow's job
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.80,0:08:46.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to help patients use\Nthose other pathways to regain language.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.68,0:08:49.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes I compare it\Nto being in traffic,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.48,0:08:51.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can't move any further,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.06,0:08:54.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you might need to exit\Nand take the feeder road
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.20,0:08:56.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get you to your destination.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.68,0:09:00.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So music is basically\Nlike that feeder road
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.51,0:09:01.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the new destination.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.88,0:09:03.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Peter) Like a detour.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.05,0:09:06.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we know that music\Ncan help us relearn things like speech
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.63,0:09:09.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by accessing alternative\Npathways in the brain
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.18,0:09:12.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that learning to play music\Ncan help strengthen brain connections.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.33,0:09:14.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what about making music?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.98,0:09:18.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To make music is like--
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.73,0:09:20.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's the language of humanity.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.40,0:09:22.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No matter where I go in the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.11,0:09:23.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if I'm playing something,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.58,0:09:25.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it doesn't matter if someone\Ncan't speak the language--
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.30,0:09:28.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if they're into it, they're into it.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.58,0:09:32.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Peter) This is Xavier Dphrepaulezz,\Nbetter known as Fantastic Negrito.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.15,0:09:35.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We brought him to UCSF\Nto meet Charles Limb,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.83,0:09:38.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a neuroscientist\Nwho studies musical creativity.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.35,0:09:39.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Duffler's up next.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.45,0:09:41.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Peter) To understand\Nhow Fantastic Negrito's brain works
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.82,0:09:42.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when making music,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.92,0:09:46.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dr. Limb had him play on of his songs\Nwhile going through the fMRI.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.48,0:09:51.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Fantastic Negrito singing)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.88,0:09:53.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Peter) So how did his brain respond?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.98,0:09:56.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The areas that process sensory\Nand motor skills, along with sounds,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.92,0:09:57.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lit up.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.73,0:09:59.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see them here in red and yellow.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.61,0:10:00.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Makes sense, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.98,0:10:02.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But here's the really interesting part.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.68,0:10:04.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Limb asked him to improvise
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.17,0:10:07.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to see what happens when he's creating\Nsomething totally original.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.20,0:10:10.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Fantastic Negrito singing)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.38,0:10:19.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now watch what happens to his brain?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.70,0:10:20.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stop!
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.40,0:10:21.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.04,0:10:22.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now watch what happens to his brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.18,0:10:23.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The areas that were active before,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.65,0:10:25.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ones that deal\Nwith motor skills and sounds,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.38,0:10:26.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are even more active.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.84,0:10:29.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But see how there's way more blue\Nin the front of his brain?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.38,0:10:30.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the pre-frontal cortex,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.84,0:10:32.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's associated\Nwith effortful planning
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.75,0:10:34.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and conscience self-monitoring,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.52,0:10:36.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's blue because it's less active.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.97,0:10:38.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We see that the pre-frontal cortex
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.22,0:10:42.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,appears to be really shutting down\Nin these moments of high creativity,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.05,0:10:46.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kind of like letting of of these conscious\Nself-censoring or self-monitoring areas
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.25,0:10:50.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that normally are there\Nto help control our output.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.48,0:10:52.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Peter) And Limb says\Nit's about more than just letting go.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.77,0:10:55.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You view it\Nfrom a perspective of survival.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.90,0:10:58.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If human beings only could do\Nmemorized route responses,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.83,0:11:00.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we'd be long gone.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.32,0:11:04.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is not just the thing that happens\Nin clubs and in jazz bars,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.13,0:11:06.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's actually maybe\Nthe most fundamental form
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.66,0:11:08.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of what it means to be human,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.15,0:11:09.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to come up with new ideas.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.27,0:11:11.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(singing)
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.23,0:11:18.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Peter) So music is so much more\Nthan notes on a page.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.23,0:11:21.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It can change the way we think\Nand speak and feel.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.20,0:11:24.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But is there a limit\Nto what science can tell us about music?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.47,0:11:26.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just when I discovered\Nthe answer to one thing,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.77,0:11:30.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,five new questions pop up\Nthat are more interesting than the first,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.66,0:11:33.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I've gained an appreciation
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.18,0:11:39.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for how complex the music-making\Nand music-listening system is.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.05,0:11:41.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not demystified for me at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.06,0:11:43.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's more mysterious than ever.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.36,0:11:45.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(singing)
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.52,0:11:59.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(applause)